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Brazilian systems for raising bullfrogs (concrete enclosure, concrete enclosure with feed dispenser and shelter, flooded enclosure) do not use enough water to keep temperature stable, and the low rate of water renewal hinders wate...
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Brazilian systems for raising bullfrogs (concrete enclosure, concrete enclosure with feed dispenser and shelter, flooded enclosure) do not use enough water to keep temperature stable, and the low rate of water renewal hinders water quality. In this article we propose raising frogs in cages placed in fish ponds having high thermal stability. The experiment consisted in evaluating the productive performance of bullfrogs housed in 1 m3 cages at the densities of 28, 56 or 84 animals/cage, fed a ration delivered by an automatic dispenser. Each pond was 72 m2 large. Two fish densities were used (200 or 300 tilapias/pond). The experimental period lasted 105 days for tilapias (May-August) and 60 days for frogs (July-August). No significant differences among densities were observed for frog performance. Using 200 tilapias/pond improved fish weight gain and dissolved oxygen concentration, as compared to 300 tilapias/pond. This new rearing system provided an adequate environment for frogs, as there was weight gain and zero mortality during winter.
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Whole body vibration (WBV) during exercise offers potential to augment the effects of basic exercises. However, to date there is limited information on the basic physiological and biomechanical effects of WBV on skeletal muscles. ...
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Whole body vibration (WBV) during exercise offers potential to augment the effects of basic exercises. However, to date there is limited information on the basic physiological and biomechanical effects of WBV on skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of WBV (40. Hz, 1.9. mm synchronous vertical displacement) on the myoelectrical activity of selected plantarflexors during heel raise exercise. 3D motion capture of the ankle, synchronised with sEMG of the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus, was obtained during repetitive heel raises carried out at 0.5. Hz on 10 healthy male subjects (age 27 ± 5 years, height 1.78 ± 0.04. m, weight 75.75 ± 11.9. kg). During both vibration and non vibration the soleus activation peaked earlier than that of the lateral gastrocnemius. The results indicate that WBV has no effect on the timing of exercise completion or the amplitude of the lateral gastrocnemius activity, however significant increases in amplitudes of the soleus muscle activity (77.5-90.4% MVC P< 0.05). WBV had no significant effect on median frequencies of either muscle. The results indicate that the greatest effect of WBV during heel raise activity is in the soleus muscles during the early phases of heel raise.
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Background National and statewide assessment of cardiovascular risk factors needs to be conducted periodically in order to inform public health policy and prioritise allocation of funds, especially in LMICs. Although there have be...
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Background National and statewide assessment of cardiovascular risk factors needs to be conducted periodically in order to inform public health policy and prioritise allocation of funds, especially in LMICs. Although there have been studies from India which have explored the determinants of cardiovascular risk factors, they have mostly been from high epidemiological transition states. The present study assessed the determinants of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors in a low epidemiological transition state (Madhya Pradesh) using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). Methods A total of 5,680 persons aged 18–69 years were selected from the state of Madhya Pradesh through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Key CVD risk factors we sought to evaluate were from behavioural (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological domains (overweight or obese, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Raised serum cholesterol). Key socio-demographic factors of interest were the caste and tribe groups, and rural vs urban location, in addition to known influencers of CVD risk such as age, gender and education level Results Those belonging to the scheduled tribes were more at risk of consuming tobacco (OR 2.13 (95% CI [1.52–2.98]), and a diet with less than five servings of fruits and vegetables (OR 2.78 (95% CI [1.06–7.24]), but had had the least risk of physical inactivity (OR 0.31 (95% CI [0.02–0.54]). Residence in a rural area also reduced the odds of physical inactivity (OR 0.65 (95% CI [0.46–0.92])). Lack of formal education was a risk factor for both tobacco consumption and alcohol intake (OR 1.40 (95% CI [1.08–1.82]) for tobacco use; 1.68 (95% CI [1.14–2.49]) for alcohol intake). Those belonging to schedules tribes had much lower risk of being obese (OR 0.25; 95% CI [0.17–0.37]), but were at similar risk of all other clinical CVD risk factors as compared to other caste groups. Conclusion In the current study we explored socio-demographic determinants of behavioural and biological CVD risks, and found that in Madhya Pradesh, belonging to a scheduled tribe or living in a rural location, protects against being physically inactive or being overweight or obese. Increasing age confers a greater CVD-risk in all domains. Being a male, and lack of formal education confers a greater risk for behavioural domains, but not for most clinical risk domains. Future efforts at curbing CVDs should be therefore two pronged –a population-based strategy targeting biological risk factors, and a more focussed approach directed at those displaying risky behaviour.
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Raised source/drain (S/D) or raised extension in fully-depleted-SOI (FDSOI) is necessary to boost saturation current, because of increased resistance from the very thin film. We demonstrate that the choice of raising the extension...
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Raised source/drain (S/D) or raised extension in fully-depleted-SOI (FDSOI) is necessary to boost saturation current, because of increased resistance from the very thin film. We demonstrate that the choice of raising the extension versus the S/D, will depend upon the maximum achievable mobility in the structure at a 60 nm physical gate length. We also study the effects of minimum BEOL via spacing on performance, and its consequence on choosing a raised extension or S/D.
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The raised rims of impact craters consist of ejecta deposited onto structurally uplifted target rocks. Although it is commonly accepted that ejecta makes up 50-75% of the total rim height, no previous measurements on well-preserve...
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The raised rims of impact craters consist of ejecta deposited onto structurally uplifted target rocks. Although it is commonly accepted that ejecta makes up 50-75% of the total rim height, no previous measurements on well-preserved, naturally occurring impact craters exist. Relying on data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, I report the first direct measurements of the rim-forming constituents from 21 lunar craters ranging in diameter from 2.2 km to 45 km. Results show that the ejecta deposit accounts for no more than ~20% of rim relief, and structural uplift is the primary mechanism of rim development in both simple and complex craters. Thick, quasi-horizontal outcrops of coherent bedrock indicate that this uplift is the result of subsurface injection of debris ormelt into the surrounding target rocks. Crater growth, at least during the latest portion of the excavation stage, therefore, proceeds mainly through injection-rather than ejection-of material. These results suggest that ejecta volumes and excavation depths may be factors of 3 to 4 less than previously considered.
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Experimental control of quantum systems has been pursued widely since the invention of quantum mechanics. Today, we can in fact experiment with individual quantum systems, deterministically preparing superpositions and entanglemen...
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Experimental control of quantum systems has been pursued widely since the invention of quantum mechanics. Today, we can in fact experiment with individual quantum systems, deterministically preparing superpositions and entanglements. In his Nobel lecture, D. J. Wineland gives an overview of this research which has led to the Nobel prize in physics in 2012**.
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In order to ensure resource adequacy, the Public Utility Commission of Texas raised the energy price cap from $3,000 per MWh to $4,500 starting Aug. 1, 2012, and decided to gradually increase it to $9,000 by 2015. An economic disp...
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In order to ensure resource adequacy, the Public Utility Commission of Texas raised the energy price cap from $3,000 per MWh to $4,500 starting Aug. 1, 2012, and decided to gradually increase it to $9,000 by 2015. An economic dispatch model is used to evaluate the impacts of the price cap increase.
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