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Innovation intermediaries have become numerous and diverse. Faced with this growing heterogeneity, there is the need to advance understanding of the organisations that engage in innovation intermediation activities. To do so, we u...
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Innovation intermediaries have become numerous and diverse. Faced with this growing heterogeneity, there is the need to advance understanding of the organisations that engage in innovation intermediation activities. To do so, we use a combination of text mining and bibliometric techniques, and we identify seven different streams of literature, six of which refer to distinct types of intermediaries that perform specific functions and often involve specific types of organisations. Looking at the evolution of the different streams of literature over time, we find that the early contributions focused on university incubators, science and technology parks, and the role they play within different types of innovation systems. More recently, the focus has shifted to the role of intermediaries in supporting sustainable transitions. Despite the differences between the various types of intermediaries and the literature streams that analyse them, the bibliographic coupling shows that all strands of literature have a common theoretical basis, which includes the open innovation approach and revolves around the role of science parks and incubators.
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In the last decade or so, society has seen the beginnings of a digital revolution where innovation and technological advancement met and changed the way in which people use digital technology. This has only increased the ambit of ...
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In the last decade or so, society has seen the beginnings of a digital revolution where innovation and technological advancement met and changed the way in which people use digital technology. This has only increased the ambit of confusion between the law and technology innovation. This is evident with the creation and distribution of content sharing and communication technologies such as peer-to-peer, network distributive systems, file sharing software and other technology enabling software where users are able to share and access information. The recurring issues that appear throughout case precedent have reinforced the uncertainty and confusion over the interpretation of authorisation. This paper will explore the concept of authorisation and evaluate the courts' interpretation of what constitutes an authorisation of infringement with respect to technology innovators of communication technologies. This will be achieved through a discussion of the cases that explored 'authorisation' through the genealogy of authorisation. It is important to discuss the history of authorisation first, and then evaluate how the courts have interpreted 'authorisation'. This paper will demonstrate how the interpretation of authorisation has created ambiguity and uncertainty for technology innovators and developers.
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Purpose The literature on export channels suggests that intermediary resources, namely intermediary competence and availability, are critical for export success. However, little is known about how the beneficial effects of interme...
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Purpose The literature on export channels suggests that intermediary resources, namely intermediary competence and availability, are critical for export success. However, little is known about how the beneficial effects of intermediary resources differ amongst integrated, independent and dual channel structures. One difference between these channel structures is the degree of reliance on independent intermediaries. This study aims to investigate (1) the impact of intermediary resources on export venture success, that is, export sales performance and channel maintenance costs and (2) the moderating role of the degree of reliance on independent intermediaries. Design/methodology/approach Empirical testing was conducted using survey data collected from 204 Japanese industrial exporting ventures. To test the proposed hypotheses, this study estimated a structural equation model with the maximum likelihood estimation procedure. Findings Evidence shows that two aspects of intermediary resources have different beneficial effects on export venture success. Specifically, intermediary availability leads to export venture success by decreasing channel maintenance costs, whereas intermediary competence is not always beneficial for it. Furthermore, this study finds that reliance on independent intermediaries positively moderates the impacts of intermediary competence and availability. Originality/value Previous studies emphasise the importance of intermediary resources and export channel structures. However, the question of whether export channel structures determine the performance benefits of intermediary resources is unanswered. By addressing this question, this study provides helpful insight into how exporting managers can implement channel strategy and access intermediary resources to achieve export success.
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I show that the composition of the financial sector has important asset pricing implications
beyond the health of the aggregate financial sector. To assess the impact of massive
balance sheet adjustments within the intermediary ...
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I show that the composition of the financial sector has important asset pricing implications
beyond the health of the aggregate financial sector. To assess the impact of massive
balance sheet adjustments within the intermediary sector during the Great Recession and
resolve conflicting asset pricing evidence, I propose a dynamic asset pricing model with
heterogeneous intermediaries facing financial frictions. Asset flows between intermediaries
are quantitatively important for both the level of and variation in the risk premium. An
empirical measure of the composition of the intermediary sector negatively forecasts future
excess returns and is priced in the cross-section with a positive price of risk.
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Today, state authorities in Russia are making significant efforts to increase the level of country's innovation and technological development. Meanwhile, research and development is becoming a global phenomenon implemented on a pu...
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Today, state authorities in Russia are making significant efforts to increase the level of country's innovation and technological development. Meanwhile, research and development is becoming a global phenomenon implemented on a purely collaborative basis. The purpose of presented research is to find ways of combining the innovation ecosystem concept with the theory of innovation intermediation. The proposed model of a regional innovation ecosystem along with the use of innovation intermediation is capable of providing a system-based approach to innovation processes management and improving its efficiency. The main contribution of the present research into the theory and practice is that it allows to reconsider innovation ecosystem management processes, as well as to provide policy makers with a new effective mechanism of management, having them focused on innovation intermediaries as main control objects.
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Purpose - The purpose of his paper is to define the role of cyber-intermediaries based on several theories such as transaction cost analysis, agency, social exchange, and relationship marketing. Design/methodology/approach - This ...
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Purpose - The purpose of his paper is to define the role of cyber-intermediaries based on several theories such as transaction cost analysis, agency, social exchange, and relationship marketing. Design/methodology/approach - This is a conceptual piece that uses arguments from well-established theories in marketing and management Findings - This paper suggests that cyber-intermediaries will continue to add value to the producer-consumer chain, benefiting both the producers and the consumers. Practical implications - The nature and type of products and services will define the role of the intermediary. They may be more useful in the low cost but frequently purchased product categories. Originality/value - The paper presents an integration of existing theories to understand the role of cyber-intermediaries.
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Climate change governance systems comprise a wide variety of actors. Here, we introduce "climate intermediaries" as one potentially influential yet often neglected type of actor, behaving as "go-betweens" that connect different ty...
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Climate change governance systems comprise a wide variety of actors. Here, we introduce "climate intermediaries" as one potentially influential yet often neglected type of actor, behaving as "go-betweens" that connect different types of actors and/or governance levels. This Special Issue analyses two under-researched forms of climate intermediaries: those that exist for reasons unconnected to climate change, and new or uncommon forms of climate intermediaries that have yet to be examined. In this Introduction article, we present the conceptual framework employed within our Special Issue. We begin by problematizing the definition of intermediaries within climate research before clarifying our own relational understanding of "climate intermediaries". A climate intermediary is thus a role, assumed by any type of actor, while potentially assuming other roles when interacting with other actors. Second, we summarize the existing research on the strategies of intermediaries, the interactions that may exist between them, and the impacts of these actors on the climate policy process. These three foci then guide our three research questions for the Special Issue. Third, we examine existing research on myriad types of intermediaries, such as interest groups, faith-based actors, and funding bodies. Finally, we provide an overview of the contributions included within the issue.
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The rise of social media radically broadens the sources and platforms used for environmental communication. Especially personal green blogs are worthy of study as they are spaces of everyday cultural politics through which people ...
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The rise of social media radically broadens the sources and platforms used for environmental communication. Especially personal green blogs are worthy of study as they are spaces of everyday cultural politics through which people make sense of sustainability issues, and because they entail a radical break from conventional media in terms of legitimacy, form, and content of environmental communication processes. This paper studies the representation of sustainability on personal green blogs, and the communication processes through which these representations are constructed. It does so through a qualitative study of Swedish-language blogs. We study three blogs in-depth: a living experiment blog on sustainable food practices; a lifestyle blog centered around green family life; and a blog about consuming green beauty products. The analysis shows that all three blogs translate the complex landscape of sustainability to individual everyday practices. Yet, what these sustainability practices entail differs considerably between the blogs, ranging from a-political and doable lifestyle choices to an onset to radical redefining of consumption. Also, the communication processes on the blogs differ in quality and quantity. The paper uses these insights to reflect on the debates about how environmental communication is shaped by blogging and social media practices.
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Purpose Although previous research has highlighted the importance of innovative intermediary services that are delivered through cluster initiatives to foster own attractiveness and the development of business, little emphasis has...
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Purpose Although previous research has highlighted the importance of innovative intermediary services that are delivered through cluster initiatives to foster own attractiveness and the development of business, little emphasis has been placed on examining the patterns and influencers of such a change in new organisational forms from a management perspective. The present study investigates the change patterns of core intermediary activities in cluster initiatives as well as the influence of various stakeholders on change in those core activities. Design/methodology/approach The empirical data of this work illustrates the general picture of change within new organisational forms and therefore emerges from a survey study carried out among numerous European cluster initiatives originating from different industries. The main propositions for testing have roots in and are discussed through the prism of Stakeholder Theory as well as entrepreneurship, change and intermediary (middle-hands, brokerage) literature. Findings The findings reveal that intermediary activities are under continuous change, and the changes appreciated by the initiative members tend to gradually increase in intensity over time. Internal stakeholders are actively engaged in the change process activities, and external stakeholders are too, but to a limited extent. This leaves space for creativity and action for the initiatives. Research limitations/implications This research combines stakeholder theory and literature on intermediation (new forms of organisations), change, and entrepreneurship. The outcome of the study might serve as a ground for theoretical classification of cluster initiatives as a particular type of intermediary in accordance with their specific occupation. This would add to the ongoing discussion on definition and typologies of intermediaries as well as lift the awareness on the peculiar constellation of stakeholders within these innovative organisations - their engagement expectations and level of involvement. Practical implications Knowledge on which stakeholders can turn to in the event that a special service is needed can shorten implementation times and improve the quality of services. This knowledge is a way to choose suitable and influential networking partners who can assist by pushing existing working mechanisms in a favourable direction. Social implications The study illustrates the patterns behind changes of intermediary activities/services over time, which would form solid ground for developing new methods to assist in achieving stakeholder satisfaction through cluster-initiative services. Therefore, this work can serve as a benchmarking example for traditional organisations that find themselves in "sleeping" mode or that aim for revitalization. Originality/value The contribution of change and engagement mechanisms to effectivization and innovativeness of organisations are highlighted as main value added of this research.
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Purpose – One of the most pervasive economic crimes in the world today is money laundering. It has been estimated that some $2 to $3.6 trillion of hot money is laundered through the financial market each year. Such huge amounts o...
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Purpose – One of the most pervasive economic crimes in the world today is money laundering. It has been estimated that some $2 to $3.6 trillion of hot money is laundered through the financial market each year. Such huge amounts of money cannot be successfully laundered without the involvement of financial intermediaries (such as bankers and lawyers) who used their expertise to conceal and obscure illegal activity. However, broader accounts of the role of financial intermediaries in corrupt practices are relatively scarce. The purpose of this paper is to examine some predatory activities of financial intermediaries in facilitating money laundering practices in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The paper locates the role of financial intermediaries within the sociological theory of profession to argue that these professionals facilitate money laundering despite their professional and ethical claims. The paper uses publicly available evidence to illuminate the role played by financial intermediaries in elite money laundering. Findings – The evidence shows that, in pursuit of organisational and personal interest, the financial intermediaries create enabling structures that support illicit activities of political and economic elite in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the establishment of money laundering laws and the creation of anti-money laundering agencies had not brought about professional transparency and ethical conduct. Practical implications – The paper therefore suggests that Nigeria needs to reform its financial institutions to promote integrity, accountability and ethical professional conduct to curb money laundering and to build trust in the Nigerian financial system. Social implications – The social, economic and political effects of financial intermediaries' anti-social practices are significant as huge amounts, often dwarfing the gross domestic product (GDP) of many nation states, are involved. These questionable practices by financial intermediaries increase profits, but harm citizens. Originality/value – The paper is a general review of literature and evidence on contemporary issues.
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