摘要 : The classical view of two sexes is nowadays criticized on the basis that there may be no clear boundary between the two sexes and because the perception of two genders may be socially constructed. In consequence, a person's determ... 展开 The classical view of two sexes is nowadays criticized on the basis that there may be no clear boundary between the two sexes and because the perception of two genders may be socially constructed. In consequence, a person's determination of their own gender, de-pathologizing of transgenderism and self-determined demands for sex reassignment surgery are regarded as legitimate. This paper justifies the conceptualizing of two sexes with regard to their reproductive functions. Anisogamy has far-reaching consequences for sex-dimorphic lived realities, behavioral tendencies, and gender roles. We criticize the current understanding of gender identity and suggest a concept of identity that offers starting points for psychotherapy. We further argue that a non-binary view of sex has negative consequences for sex research and for the treatment of gender dysphoria. Based on outcome and neuroscientific studies, we discuss whether the psychotherapeutic treatment of gender dysphoria is unethical, oppose this view with newer catamnesis studies, and offer suggestions for new treatment strategies. 收起