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Biologically Inspired Algorithms (BIAs), processes that mimic how organisms solve problems, offer a number of attributes well suited to addressing challenges presented by future computer networking scenarios. Such future networks ...
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Biologically Inspired Algorithms (BIAs), processes that mimic how organisms solve problems, offer a number of attributes well suited to addressing challenges presented by future computer networking scenarios. Such future networks will require more scalable, adaptive and robust designs to address the dynamic changes and potential failures caused by high heterogeneity and large scale networks. A variety of biological algorithms demonstrate characteristics desirable to network design, and significant effort has been placed on analyzing and developing the corresponding BIAs and applying them to computer networking applications. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of BIAs for the computer networking field, in which different BIAs are organized and explored based on their: (1) biological source; (2) mathematical model; (3) major application; (4) advantages to corresponding "classic" approach; (5) limitations and border conditions; and (6) potential directions for future applications. The paper also compares performance amongst each type of BIA, and compares BIAs that are inspired by different biological sources but are applicable to similar networking applications. The paper concludes by offering a framework for understanding the application of BIAs to problems in the computer networking space.
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In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), nodes move freely and the distribution of access requests changes dynamically. Replica allocation in such a dynamic environment is a significant challenge. The communication cost has become a pro...
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In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), nodes move freely and the distribution of access requests changes dynamically. Replica allocation in such a dynamic environment is a significant challenge. The communication cost has become a prominent factor influencing the performance of replica allocation in the MANET environment. In this paper, a dynamic adaptive replica allocation algorithm that can adapt to the nodes motion is proposed to minimize the communication cost of the object access. When changes occur in the access requests of the object or the network topology, each replica node collects access requests from its neighbors and makes decisions locally to expand the replica to neighbors or to relinquish the replica. This algorithm dynamically adjusts the replica allocation scheme towards a local optimal one. To reduce the oscillation of replica allocation, a statistical method based on history information is utilized to choose stable neighbors and to expand the replica to relatively stable nodes. Simulation results show that our algorithms efficiently reduce the communication cost of object access in MANET environment.
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In this paper, we propose mathematical models for the spread of HIV in a network of prisons. We study the effect of both screening prisoners and quarantining infectives. Efficient algorithms based on Newton's method are then devel...
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In this paper, we propose mathematical models for the spread of HIV in a network of prisons. We study the effect of both screening prisoners and quarantining infectives. Efficient algorithms based on Newton's method are then developed for computing the equilibrium values of the infectives in each prison. We also give an optimization formulation for obtaining the optimal screening and quarantine policy. The models and algorithms developed can be extended to model the spread of a disease in a general network of connected zones.
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The genus Avena L. (Poaceae: Aveneae)) with approximately 30 species forming a distinct polyploid series ranging from diploid through tetraploid to hexaploid with a basic chromosome number of seven (Rajhathy and Thomas 1974; Baum ...
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The genus Avena L. (Poaceae: Aveneae)) with approximately 30 species forming a distinct polyploid series ranging from diploid through tetraploid to hexaploid with a basic chromosome number of seven (Rajhathy and Thomas 1974; Baum 1977; Thomas 1992; Leggett and Thomas 1995; Katsiotis et al. 2000). All Avena species, with the exception of A. macrostachya, are self-pollinated annuals, whereas A. macrostachya is a cross-pollinating, quadrivalent-forming, autotetraploid perennial (Malzew 1930; Baum 1968, 1974; Baum and Rajhathy 1976; Rodionova et al. 1994; Katsiotis et al. 1997). Genome differentiation was initially based on cytological studies of interspecific hybrids and descriptions of species karyotypes (Rajhathy and Thomas 1974; Thomas 1992; Rodionova et al. 1994; Leggett and Markhand 1995). Diploid species have either the A or C genome, tetraploids have either the AB or AC genome and the hexaploids have the ACD genome designation.Although there is considerable morphological, biochemical, geographical, cytotaxonomic and molecular evidence available, much is still unknown about the evolution of the genus. Despite numerous observations made by morphological and cytological studies (Rajhathy et al. 1966; Rajhathy and Thomas 1974; Baum 1977; Linares et al. 1992; Thomas 1992; Leggett and Thomas 1995), the application of different molecular techniques has provided further information on Avena genome relationships, such as in situ hybridization (Chen and Armstrong 1994; Jellen et al. 1994a; Katsiotis et al. 1996; Linares et al. 1998; Irigoyen et al. 2001), the use of molecular markers (Sanchez de la Hoz and Fominaya 1989; Alicchio et al. 1995; O'Donoughue et al. 1995; Ronald et al. 1997; Kianian et al. 1999; Nocelli et al. 1999; Li et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2009; Loskutov and Perchuk 2000; Drossou et al. 2004; Fu and Williams 2008) and the comparison of nucleotide sequences (Cheng et al. 2003; Rodionov et al. 2005; Irigoyen et al. 2006; Nikoloudakis and Katsiotis 2008; Nikoloudakis et al. 2008; Peng et al. 2008). At the diploid level, hybridization among the A and C genome species rarely produces interspecific hybrids, indicating major genomic differences among these species (Fominaya et al. 1988a; Linares et al. 1992; Jellen et al. 1993; Drossou et al. 2004). Although some studies have dealt with phylogenetic relationships among species of different ploidy (Fominaya et al. 1988b; Fabijanski et al. 1990; Gupta et al. 1992; Alicchio et al. 1995; Drossou et al. 2004; Irigoyen et al. 2006; Nikoloudakis et al. 2008), the putative diploid donors of Avena polyploids remain uncertain, especially for the B genome origin in the AB tetraploids and the D genome donor of the ACD hexaploids. There is now good evidence of the close relationships among the A and D genomes (Chen and Armstrong 1994; Jellen et al. 1994a, Leggett and Markhand 1995; Linares et al. 1996, 1998; Loskutov 2008), and the A and B genomes (Leggett and Markhand 1995; Katsiotis et al. 1997). Molecular probes differentiated the D genome (Linares et al. 1998; Peng et al. 2008) and the B genome (Irigoyen et al. 2001; Peng et al. 2008) from the A genome. Using various molecular techniques, A. strigosa (Chen and Armstrong 1994; Jellen et al. 1994a; Leggett and Markhand 1995; Linares et al. 1996), A. canariensis (Li et al. 2000b; Loskutov 2008), A. weistii (Li et al. 2000b; Fu and Williams 2008) and A. longiglumis (Rodionov et al. 2005; Nikoloudakis et al. 2008) had been suggested as the A genome donor of the tetraploid and hexaploid. All of the diploid C genome species have been proposed as the putative donors of the C genome in the hexaploids (Rajhathy and Thomas 1974; Chen and Armstrong 1994; Jellen et al. 1994b; Cheng et al. 2003; Nikoloudakis and Katsiotis 2008).Molecular phylogenetic studies have successfully revealed the origins and evolutionary history of polyploids in plants, clarified the nature of different polyploids and identified their parental lineages and the hybridization
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Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to be involved in various pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, its specific role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity...
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Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to be involved in various pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, its specific role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity is poorly understood. Cisplatin (dichlorodiamino platinum) belongs to an inorganic platinum - fundamental chemotherapeutic drug utilized in the therapy of various solid malignant tumors. However, the use of cisplatin is extremely limited by obvious side effects, for instance bone marrow suppression and nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we utilized a murine model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and a highly selective inhibitor of HDAC6, tubastatin A (TA), to assess the role of HDAC6 in nephrotoxicity and its associated mechanisms. Cisplatin-induced AKI was accompanied by increased expression and activation of HDAC6; blocking HDAC6 with TA lessened renal dysfunction, attenuated renal pathological changes, reduced expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule 1, and decreased tubular cell apoptosis. In cultured human epithelial cells, TA or HDAC6 siRNA treatment also inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that cisplatin treatment induced phosphorylation of AKT and loss of E-cadherin in the nephrotoxic kidney, and administration of TA enhanced AKT phosphorylation and preserved E-cadherin expression. HDAC6 inhibition also potentiated autophagy as evidenced by increased expression of autophagy-related gene (Atg) 7 (Atg7), Beclin-1, and decreased renal oxidative stress as demonstrated by up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and down-regulation of malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, TAwas effective in inhibiting nuclear factor-?B (NF-築) phosphorylation and suppressing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-? and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Collectively, these data provide strong evidence that HDAC6 inhibition is protective against cisplatin-induced AKI and suggest that HDAC6 may be a potential therapeutic target for AKI treatment.
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Classification problem for imbalanced datasets is pervasive in a lot of data mining domains. Imbalanced classification has been a hot topic in the academic community. From data level to algorithm level, a lot of solutions have bee...
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Classification problem for imbalanced datasets is pervasive in a lot of data mining domains. Imbalanced classification has been a hot topic in the academic community. From data level to algorithm level, a lot of solutions have been proposed to tackle the problems resulted from imbalanced datasets. SMOTE is the most popular data-level method and a lot of derivations based on it are developed to alleviate the problem of class imbalance. Our investigation indicates that there are severe flaws in SMOTE. We propose a new oversampling method SNOCC that can compensate the defects of SMOTE. In SNOCC, we increase the number of seed samples and that renders the new samples not confine in the line segment between two seed samples in SMOTE. We employ a novel algorithm to find the nearest neighbors of samples, which is different to the previous ones. These two improvements make the new samples created by SNOCC naturally reproduce the distribution of original seed samples. Our experiment results show that SNOCC outperform SMOTE and CBSO (a SMOTE-based method).
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We study a quasilinear parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis system with nonlinear logistic source, under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domain. By establishing proper a priori estimates we prove that, with b...
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We study a quasilinear parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis system with nonlinear logistic source, under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domain. By establishing proper a priori estimates we prove that, with both the diffusion function and the chemotaxis sensitivity function being positive, the corresponding initial boundary value problem admits a unique global classical solution which is uniformly bounded. The result of this paper is a generalization of that of Cao (2014).
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Clinically, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) across the narrow alveolar ridge area inevitably entails some adverse reactions such as limited movement and periodontal tissue damage. Hence, it is essential to reconstruct the morphol...
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Clinically, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) across the narrow alveolar ridge area inevitably entails some adverse reactions such as limited movement and periodontal tissue damage. Hence, it is essential to reconstruct the morphology of the alveolar crest before the tooth movement. Unlike the routine reconstruction of alveolar ridge in the field of implant, the orthodontic practices are distinctive, which require dental movement across the constructed alveolar ridge with safety and stability. Herein, we addressed the pros and cons of reconstruction of the defected orthodontic alveolar ridge with different bone graft materials. Attention is also paid to other factors such as the postgraft initiation time of OTM that can substantially influence the bone reconstruction and tooth movement effect. Rather, considering the lack of a unified standard in orthodontic clinics related to bone reconstruction for OTM, we provide some recommendations and guidance for OTM through alveolar ridge defect area. Re-establishment of the atrophic alveolar bone before orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is important for safe and efficient tooth movement. The most prevalent approach to regenerate alveolar bone in the defect rests on the application of bone grafts. This review evaluates the application of different bone graft materials to the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects, and provides some recommendations and guidance for OTM through alveolar ridge defect area. ? Copyright 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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Quantifying ecological risk of metals based on sources is essential for mitigating pollution of aquatic ecosystems. In this study,we assessed the potential ecological risk of metals (As,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb) in sediment of Honghu Lak...
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Quantifying ecological risk of metals based on sources is essential for mitigating pollution of aquatic ecosystems. In this study,we assessed the potential ecological risk of metals (As,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb) in sediment of Honghu Lake by combining multiple models.
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Figure 1. The framework of our methodology applied in this study. The differentially expressed (DE) genes of diets, drugs and diseases were detected using the R package Rankprod, by comparison with respective control groups. The R...
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Figure 1. The framework of our methodology applied in this study. The differentially expressed (DE) genes of diets, drugs and diseases were detected using the R package Rankprod, by comparison with respective control groups. The R package Gostats was applied for KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The identified significant pathways for diets, drugs and diseases were used to construct the score matrix for the PCA. Diet-disease and drug-disease associations were calculated using the enrichment score (ES) method in DvD package. Hierarchical analysis was performed to show disease similarity based on the ES scores. Using a python script developed by Guney et al. (2016), we measured the proximity values between DE genes of diets or drugs and diseases within a human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Synergistic food pairs were identified using the approaches from Bansal et al. (2014).
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