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In 2005 alone, an estimated 899,000 children were victims of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or neglect at a rate of more than 12 victims per 1,000 children. Maltreatment has devastating effects on the health of the...
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In 2005 alone, an estimated 899,000 children were victims of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or neglect at a rate of more than 12 victims per 1,000 children. Maltreatment has devastating effects on the health of the abused children, as well as on the community. Injuries to children range from cuts and bruises, to broken bones and head trauma. They also include psychological disturbances ranging from anxiety to post-traumatic stress disorder. In 2005, it is estimated that 1,460 children died as a result of maltreatment. It is estimated that the immediate health care and legal needs associated with child maltreatment cost approximately $24 billion annually, and long-term economic consequences exceed $69 billion each year. This Statistical Brief presents data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) on hospital stays related to child maltreatment in the U.S. in 2005. Child maltreatment includes both acts of abuse and acts of neglect perpetrated by a parent or caregiver. Utilization and resource use for pediatric hospitalizations related to maltreatment are compared to stays unrelated to maltreatment. Patient and payer characteristics of child maltreatment-related hospitalizations are also described. Finally, the most common diagnoses associated with maltreatment-related pediatric hospitalizations are identified. All differences between estimates noted in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level or better.
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This dissertation examines the problem behaviors of maltreated children and adolescents, and the predictors of changes in behavior over 18 months. Problem behaviors include aggression, delinquency, risky sexual practices, substanc...
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This dissertation examines the problem behaviors of maltreated children and adolescents, and the predictors of changes in behavior over 18 months. Problem behaviors include aggression, delinquency, risky sexual practices, substance abuse, and suicidal behaviors. Data are from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), the first national probability survey of children assessed following a child maltreatment report. All analyses were conducted with calculated sample weights in SAS using SUDAAN to adjust standard errors, account for clustering and stratification in the sampling design, and allow for inferences about problem behaviors in the population of children and youth investigated as victims of child maltreatment in the U.S.
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Victimization by child abuse and neglect presents some of the most difficult and stressful cases faced by service providers and advocates. Child victims are extremely vulnerable, often completely helpless, and are often greatly ha...
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Victimization by child abuse and neglect presents some of the most difficult and stressful cases faced by service providers and advocates. Child victims are extremely vulnerable, often completely helpless, and are often greatly harmed by their victimizations. This paper briefly describes several basic forms of child abuse and neglect and the developmental and ecological contexts within which child maltreatment occurs. With this knowledge as a backdrop, the differential impacts of victimization across childhood stages, by type of harm done and in which family/social contexts, are briefly summarized. Given these complexities and the need to protect child victims across many systems (e.g., medical, mental health, and criminal justice), well coordinated responses are critical to successful interventions. Several models for multidisciplinary, collaborative programs are described to assist the beginning advocate and service provider.
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Children younger than three years of age are the most likely of all children to become involved with child welfare services (Wulczyn, Barth, Yuan, Harden, & Landsverk, 2005). Those with medical or developmental conditions experience an even higher level of involvement, including more removals from parental care and longer stays in foster care (Rosenberg & Robinson, 2004). In 2003, the Federal government amended the Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act (CAPTA) to require that infants and toddlers who are substantiated for child maltreatment be referred to early intervention services funded under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The CAPTA requires each state to develop provisions and procedures for referral of a child under the age of three who is involved in a substantiated case of child abuse or neglect to early intervention services funded under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (section 106(b)(2)(A)(xxi)) (CAPTA, 2003). While there is some general agreement that children who experience child abuse/neglect may experience a range of developmental delays across developmental domains, little is known about the true extent of developmental problems of children substantiated for abuse/neglect, and those subsequently removed from parental custody and placed in an alternative living environment. This dearth of information is in part due to the inconsistencies in child welfare practice across jurisdictions; variability in state and jurisdictional eligibility criteria for infants ...
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Children younger than three years of age are the most likely of all children to become involved with child welfare services (Wulczyn, Barth, Yuan, Harden, & Landsverk, 2005). Those with medical or developmental conditions experience an even higher level of involvement, including more removals from parental care and longer stays in foster care (Rosenberg & Robinson, 2004). In 2003, the Federal government amended the Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act (CAPTA) to require that infants and toddlers who are substantiated for child maltreatment be referred to early intervention services funded under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The CAPTA requires each state to develop provisions and procedures for referral of a child under the age of three who is involved in a substantiated case of child abuse or neglect to early intervention services funded under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (section 106(b)(2)(A)(xxi)) (CAPTA, 2003). While there is some general agreement that children who experience child abuse/neglect may experience a range of developmental delays across developmental domains, little is known about the true extent of developmental problems of children substantiated for abuse/neglect, and those subsequently removed from parental custody and placed in an alternative living environment. This dearth of information is in part due to the inconsistencies in child welfare practice across jurisdictions; variability in state and jurisdictional eligibility criteria for infants and toddlers for Part C services (Shackelford, 2006); differential policies, procedures, and practice competencies of public child welfare workers; and the differential availability of resources to serve children once identified. Further complicating the issue is the requirement under Part C that states must provide services to children who meet the state criterion for eligibility, but states may also choose to serve children who are at risk of having substantial developmental delays if early intervention services are not provided. Only five states (CA, HI, MA, NM, & WV) currently serve such at risk children.
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This issue brief focuses on the identification of international and domestic victims of human trafficking in the United States. Critical to identifying someone as a victim is knowing first who meets the legal definition of a traff...
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This issue brief focuses on the identification of international and domestic victims of human trafficking in the United States. Critical to identifying someone as a victim is knowing first who meets the legal definition of a trafficking victim. The definition as set forth in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) is presented in the insert on this page, and this brief presents the inherent challenges to identifying victims based on this definition, as well as promising strategies undertaken by law enforcement, service providers, and other organizations to identify and reach victims.
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In 1999, the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges developed Effective Interventions in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment Cases: Guidelines for Policy and Practice, also referred to as the 'Greenbook.' The Gr...
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In 1999, the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges developed Effective Interventions in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment Cases: Guidelines for Policy and Practice, also referred to as the 'Greenbook.' The Greenbook and its guiding principles were designed to promote dialogue among domestic violence service providers, child welfare agencies, and the courts in cases where domestic violence and child maltreatment co-occurred and to enhance system responses to families by enhancing victim safety, holding the batterer accountable, and promoting the stability and well-being of children. A primary focus of the Greenbook is on the importance of reducing conflict and building collaborations among system partners. To this end, the cross-system dialogue is one strategy that has been used to improve communication. The crosssystem dialogue is an approach that promotes and helps to facilitate communication among representatives working in the domestic violence, child welfare, and court system. It provides a formal structure to address conflict in a productive manner. Cross-system dialogues bring people together, lay the groundwork for effective communication, and give those who work with families experiencing both domestic violence and child maltreatment an increased confidence that meaningful cross-system communication is possible.
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This issue brief addresses the trauma experienced by most trafficking victims, its impact on health and well-being, some of the challenges to meeting trauma-related needs of trafficking victims, and promising approaches to treatme...
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This issue brief addresses the trauma experienced by most trafficking victims, its impact on health and well-being, some of the challenges to meeting trauma-related needs of trafficking victims, and promising approaches to treatment and recovery. While this issue brief touches on trauma across human trafficking populations, it has a special emphasis on trauma resulting from sex trafficking of women and girls.
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Over the course of the past decade, awareness of trafficking in persons among governments, international agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the general public has increased dramatically. Much concern has focused ...
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Over the course of the past decade, awareness of trafficking in persons among governments, international agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the general public has increased dramatically. Much concern has focused on assessing the mechanisms by which countries identify victims of trafficking and provide them with shelter, recovery, and reintegration services. Trafficked persons have varied backgrounds: they are women and girls as well as men and boys of all different ages; they come from many different countries, and are of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. They have been trafficked for different purposesmarriage, agricultural labor, work in informal sector industries, domestic labor, participation in dangerous sports such as camel racing, armed conflict, prostitution, child pornographyand they have drawn on various resources to overcome cruelty and maltreatment. Although they have all been subject to severe abuses of their human rights, their needs vary in terms of recovery, return, and reintegration. Although trafficking is a widespread and global problem, there are different country-specific and regional trends. In Asia, trafficking in persons has been recognized as a serious problem for years, primarily in exploitation of women and children in the commercial sex industry. More attention has been paid to the rampant exploitation of children through war and forced labor in Africa, while trafficking for prostitution is primarily seen through the lens of violence against women. In Latin America, trafficking has been viewed more commonly as a secondary issue to prostitution and illegal migration. Finally, the diversity of anti-trafficking activities in Eastern Europe, ranging from prevention initiatives to recovery programs for survivors of trafficking, is indicative of the extent to which the pandemic has been recognized throughout the region.
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The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that in 1999, 58.4 percent of all child maltreatment victims were found to have been neglected (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). In other words, of the 8...
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The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that in 1999, 58.4 percent of all child maltreatment victims were found to have been neglected (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). In other words, of the 826,000 maltreated children in the United States in 1999, 482,000 were neglected. Although the rate of neglect has decreased from 7.7 per 1,000 children in 1995 to 6.5 per 1,000 children in 1999, neglect remains the most common form of maltreatment. But these numbers only include the children who have been reported to Child Protective Service (CPS) agencies and whose cases were substantiated.
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More than 25 years after the U.S. Surgeon General officially recognized violence as a public health priority, violence continues to have significant consequences in the community. Homicide and suicide continue to be leading causes...
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More than 25 years after the U.S. Surgeon General officially recognized violence as a public health priority, violence continues to have significant consequences in the community. Homicide and suicide continue to be leading causes of mortality for all ages.2 Yet, violent deaths are only a part of this public health burden. High medical costs, disability, and lost productivity occur when many more individuals survive violence. These men, women, and children are often treated in emergency departments (ED) or admitted to hospitals for serious physical and emotional trauma. This Statistical Brief presents data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) on violence-related stays in U.S. community hospitals in 2005. Based on the classification schema used by the Center for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), we have distinguished between hospitalizations resulting from self-inflicted violence and those resulting from violence against someone else. Self-inflicted violence includes any deliberate violent behavior directed at oneself with or without suicidal intent. Violence against someone else includes violent behavior conducted by an unknown perpetrator (assault) and acts of abuse and neglect conducted by a caregiver or intimate partner (maltreatment). Utilization and resource use for violence-related hospitalizations, including specific acts of violence such as self-inflicted, assault, and maltreatment, are compared to stays unrelated to violence. Patient and payer characteristics of violence-related hospitalizations are also described. Finally, the most common principal diagnoses among violence-related hospitalizations are identified for specific types of violence. All differences between estimates noted in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level or better.
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