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The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) supports most of the worlds research on drug abuse and addiction. NIDA-funded research enables scientists to apply the most advanced techniques available to the study of every aspect of ...
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The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) supports most of the worlds research on drug abuse and addiction. NIDA-funded research enables scientists to apply the most advanced techniques available to the study of every aspect of drug abuse, including: genetic and social determinants of vulnerability and response to drugs; short- and long-term effects of drugs on the brain, including addiction; other health and social impacts of drug abuse, including infectious diseases and economic costs; development and testing of medications and behavioral treatments for abuse and addiction; and development and evaluation of effective messages to deter young people, in particular, from abusing drugs.
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;Contents: Introduction; National priorities: Stopping use before it starts: Education and community action; Healing America's drug users: Getting treatment resources where they are needed; Disrupting the market: Attacking the eco...
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;Contents: Introduction; National priorities: Stopping use before it starts: Education and community action; Healing America's drug users: Getting treatment resources where they are needed; Disrupting the market: Attacking the economic basis of the drug trade and Appendixes.
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The number of drug shortages has grown substantially since 2006. In total, 1,190 shortages were reported from January 1, 2001, through June 20, 2011, according to UUDIS data. From 2006 through 2010, the number of drug shortages in...
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The number of drug shortages has grown substantially since 2006. In total, 1,190 shortages were reported from January 1, 2001, through June 20, 2011, according to UUDIS data. From 2006 through 2010, the number of drug shortages increased each year. A record number of shortages were reported in 2010, and 2011 is on pace to surpass 2010's record. Sixty-five percent of shortages involved drugs that were in short supply more than once. On average, shortages lasted 286 days (over 9 months). Over half of shortages reported from January 1, 2009, through June 20, 2011, that UUDIS identified as critical-- because, for example, alternative drugs were not available--involved generic injectable drugs. Certain therapeutic classes (such as anesthetic, oncology, and anti-infective drugs) were among those most often in short supply. FDA responds to drug shortages by taking actions to address the underlying causes and to enhance product availability, for example by providing assistance to manufacturers to resolve manufacturing or quality problems that can result in a shortage. When informed of the possibility of a shortage in advance, FDA has increasingly been able to prevent potential drug shortages from occurring. FDA prevented 50 potential shortages during the first half of 2011. As part of its response, FDA provides general information about drug shortages to the public via its website. FDA is constrained in its ability to protect public health from drug shortages due to its lack of authority to require manufacturers to report actual or potential shortages to the agency or the public, or to require manufacturers to take certain actions to prevent, alleviate, or resolve shortages. As a result, the agency's approach to managing drug shortages is predominately reactive. FDA's ability to protect public health is also constrained by management challenges that weaken its ability to respond to drug shortages. For example, FDA does not systematically maintain data on drug shortages, without which it is unable to monitor trends and enhance its ability to address the causes of drug shortages. In addition, FDA has provided limited resources to manage its response to drug shortages and lacks related performance measures and priorities. Congress should consider establishing a requirement for manufacturers to report to FDA any changes that could affect the supply of their drugs. In addition, FDA should enhance its ability to respond to drug shortages, for example, by developing an information system to manage data about shortages. HHS outlined actions it plans to take that are consistent with GAO's recommendations.
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摘要 :
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) supports most of the worlds research on drug abuse and addiction. NIDA-funded research enables scientists to apply the most advanced techniques available to the study of every aspect of ...
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The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) supports most of the worlds research on drug abuse and addiction. NIDA-funded research enables scientists to apply the most advanced techniques available to the study of every aspect of drug abuse, including: genetic and social determinants of vulnerability and response to drugs; short- and long-term effects of drugs on the brain, including addiction; other health and social impacts of drug abuse, including infectious diseases and economic costs; development and testing of medications and behavioral treatments for abuse and addiction; and development and evaluation of effective messages to deter young people, in particular, from abusing drugs.
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The purpose of this monograph is to provide information on drug retention times in the human body. The information provided is based on plausible illegal drug use activities that might be engaged in by a recreational drug user.
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The purpose of this monograph is to provide information on drug retention times in the human body. The information provided is based on plausible illegal drug use activities that might be engaged in by a recreational drug user.
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;Contents: College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) Program; CPDD Program Author Index; Report from National Institute On Drug Abuse; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Introduction of the Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award...
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;Contents: College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) Program; CPDD Program Author Index; Report from National Institute On Drug Abuse; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Introduction of the Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipient; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Lecture; Introduction of the Marian W. Fischman Memorial Award; Marian W. Fischman: Research Legacy; Biological Evaluation of Compounds for Their Physical Dependence Potential and Abuse Liability. XXVI. Drug Evaluation Committee of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence (2004); Evaluation of New Compounds for Opioid Activity (2004); Dependence Studies of New Compounds In The Rhesus Monkey, Rat And Mouse (2004); Progress Report from the Testing Program For Stimulant And Depressant Drugs (2004); Author Index; Subject Index.
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Contents: CPDD Program; Report from National Institute On Drug Abuse; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Introduction of The Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipient; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Lecture; Marian W. Fischman...
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Contents: CPDD Program; Report from National Institute On Drug Abuse; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Introduction of The Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipient; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Lecture; Marian W. Fischman Lectureship Recipients; Introduction of The Marian W. Fischman Memorial Award; Marian W. Fischman: Research Legacy; Biological Evaluation of Compounds For Their Physical Dependence Potential and Abuse Liability; Drug Evaluation Committee Of The College On Problems Of Drug Dependence (2004); Evaluation Of New Compounds For Opioid Activity (2004); Dependence Studies Of New Compounds In The Rhesus Monkey, Rat And Mouse; Author Index; Subject Index.
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Contents: College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) Program; Report from National Institute on Drug Abuse; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Introduction of the Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Nathan B. Eddy ...
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Contents: College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) Program; Report from National Institute on Drug Abuse; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Introduction of the Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipients; Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Lecture; Marian W. Fischman Lectureship Recipients; Introduction of the Marion W. Fischman Memorial Award; Biological Evaluation of Compounds for Their Physical Dependence Potential and Abuse Liability. XXVI. Drug Evaluation Committee of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence (2007); Evaluation of New Compounds for Opioid Capacity (2007); Progress Report From The Testing Program for Stimulant and Depressant Drugs (2007); Dependence Studies of New Compounds in the Rhesus Monkey, Rat and Mouse (2007); Author Index; and Subject Index.
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One of the U.S. National Drug Control Strategy's priorities is to disrupt the illicit drug market. To this end, the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security provide ships and aircraft to disrupt the flow of illicit drugs, prim...
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One of the U.S. National Drug Control Strategy's priorities is to disrupt the illicit drug market. To this end, the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security provide ships and aircraft to disrupt the flow of illicit drugs, primarily cocaine, shipped from South America through the Caribbean Sea and eastern Pacific Ocean-an area known as the transit zone. The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) oversees the U.S. anti-drug strategy. The Joint Interagency Task Force-South (JIATF-South) directs most transit zone operations. We examined U.S. efforts to interdict maritime movements of cocaine. We analyzed the (1) changes in cocaine seizures and disruptions since calendar year 2000, (2) trends in interdiction assets provided since fiscal year 2000, (3) challenges to maintaining transit zone interdiction operations, and (4) performance measures the agencies use to assess their progress.
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