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;Contents: Preface; Introduction; Security in Africa; Institutional Capacity;211 Operational Willingness; From a Toothless to a Teething Bulldog; Literature; 211 Interviews; and Tables and Figures.
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There is a reasonable possibility that any causal nexus between the internal conflicts and the external conflicts of a given nation may change with changes in its slower-moving social parameters. If so, an investigation of a long ...
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There is a reasonable possibility that any causal nexus between the internal conflicts and the external conflicts of a given nation may change with changes in its slower-moving social parameters. If so, an investigation of a long historical period for a single state might help to explain anomalies found in studies of shorter historical periods. It was therefore proposed to a study a spaced-out series of violent conflict episodes over a period of about six centuries, thus including social, religious, political, and scientific belief changes. England was chosen for long period study.
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Although the Armed Forces have proven themselves a capable policy instrument the Nation has always struggled with conflict termination. America has often prevailed military while failing to achieve policy goals quickly and efficie...
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Although the Armed Forces have proven themselves a capable policy instrument the Nation has always struggled with conflict termination. America has often prevailed military while failing to achieve policy goals quickly and efficiently. A scan of joint publications suggests that military professionals embrace the idea of a termination strategy but doctrine offers little practical help. It is time to take the next step creating an interagency organization and practices that can effectively conduct termination planning. Each regional commander in chief (CINC) should have a standing interagency team to act as an operations transition planning cell. This element must include members well versed in the application of the military diplomatic informational, and economic instruments of national power.
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This Final Report describes research on Israeli perceptions of the Arabs during the 1967 and 1973 conflicts. A content analysis scheme was devised to measure perception of threat and time pressure from publicly available documents...
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This Final Report describes research on Israeli perceptions of the Arabs during the 1967 and 1973 conflicts. A content analysis scheme was devised to measure perception of threat and time pressure from publicly available documents. The results of this manual content analysis were compared with an automated content analysis of the same documents, and threat perception indices were used in conjunction with event data to statistically predict the outbreak of violent conflict. It was found that the manual content analysis index of threat perception was a good predictor of conflict, increasing sharply several days before both wars. The automated content analysis index was not as good a predictor, and the actions each side directed at the other did not predict conflict escalation with a measurable time lag. The measure of time pressure was not sufficiently sensitive to be useful. Thus, the conclusions are that a reasonable index of threat perception can be derived from the public statements of at least Israeli decision makers, and this index apparently predicts conflict much better than events alone.
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How should political and military institutions and their leaders think about interventions in intrastate conflicts and civil wars. Moreover, what intervention variables are used to evaluate and implement a different intervention a...
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How should political and military institutions and their leaders think about interventions in intrastate conflicts and civil wars. Moreover, what intervention variables are used to evaluate and implement a different intervention approach during a civil war. Comprehensive studies on third-party intervention and civil wars have focused on if, when, and why to intervene; type of intervention; and intervention effects on civil war processes. Additional scholarship has focused on the role of foreign powers, foreign fighters, and violent extremist organizations and their effects on conflict management and resolution efforts. However, there has not been an intervention framework that accounts for conflict theories in relation to each other over a period of time. I propose a theoretic framework that provides an intervention analyst evaluative variables to assess the effectiveness of an intervention approach over the course of a civil war.
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More than ever, employers and employees are turning to mediation and other forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to resolve equal employment opportunity (EEO) disputes. While the proliferation of public and private sector ...
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More than ever, employers and employees are turning to mediation and other forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to resolve equal employment opportunity (EEO) disputes. While the proliferation of public and private sector ADR programs has been a boon for employers and employees alike, many mediators have sought guidance on how to ensure that the mediation process is accessible to participants with disabilities. Mediators also have raised questions about special considerations that may arise when mediating employment cases alleging discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Rehabilitation Act). There are two basic ways that disability issues may arise in mediation concerning EEO disputes. First, the dispute itself may raise a claim under Titles I or II of the ADA or Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, such as allegations of disparate treatment based on disability, denial of reasonable accommodation, improper disability-related inquiries and medical examinations, or breach of medical confidentiality. Second, in some cases presented for mediation - whether or not the case arises under the ADA or Rehabilitation Act - parties or their representatives may request a reasonable accommodation for the mediation process itself. This technical assistance document addresses frequently asked questions regarding the ADA and mediation.
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Military victory alone does not resolve the conflict that precipitates the use offorce. Unfortunately, latent conflicts are being resurrected world-wide, thereby increasing the potential for U.S. involvement. The problem is that c...
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Military victory alone does not resolve the conflict that precipitates the use offorce. Unfortunately, latent conflicts are being resurrected world-wide, thereby increasing the potential for U.S. involvement. The problem is that conflict resolution is not well understood. As a result, conflicts seem to assume a cyclic characteristic, perpetuated by the renewed efforts of succeeding generations. The intent of this paper is to improve our understanding of conflict resolution. Theoretical concepts and historical examples are examined to provide the intellectual basis for a model that describes a method to establish the preconditions for conflict resolution. The model focuses on the purpose of a state in a conflict, which is to cause change in an opponent. The model concludes that the change, which is a pre-requisite for conflict resolution, has to be substantial enough to cause both states to willingly agree or compromise so the issue is no longer contestable. The study offers conclusions and recommendations for further study. The project is not intended to be a final product; however, it should serve to incite further research and discussion about conflict resolution among students and practioners of strategy.
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Contents: Theoretical background; Some facts on Sweden (Characteristics of the Swedish economy, Population and employment, Building stock and housing); Perspectives on human settlement and economic development; Impact of settlemen...
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Contents: Theoretical background; Some facts on Sweden (Characteristics of the Swedish economy, Population and employment, Building stock and housing); Perspectives on human settlement and economic development; Impact of settlement policy on economic stability (Capital formations in building, Policy oriented towards populations and employment, Local public sector); Impact of economic issues on settlement concerns (Housing and housing policy, Migration and settlements, Local public sector).
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This study (1) distinguishes among, and briefly describes the terminations of, battles, campaigns, and wars; (2) discusses concepts and terminology for war termination; (3) presents three case studies of terminations of short, pos...
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This study (1) distinguishes among, and briefly describes the terminations of, battles, campaigns, and wars; (2) discusses concepts and terminology for war termination; (3) presents three case studies of terminations of short, post-1945 wars (4) presents a survey of the literature on war termination; and (5) presents in matrix form data on 13 20th Century war terminations. The study does not find any significant association between casualty levels and war termination.
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