摘要 :
Regional differences and relations of the atmospheric and oceanic interdecadal and interannual variability in the Pacific are addressed in terms of period analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD) method.Results show that th...
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Regional differences and relations of the atmospheric and oceanic interdecadal and interannual variability in the Pacific are addressed in terms of period analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD) method.Results show that the interdecadal anomalies are more significant in the North Pacific (NP) than in the tropical Pacific (TP),and the interannual anomalies in the TP than in the NP in the variance of air-sea anomalies:the interdecadally variational character of a surface (shallow) layer sea and air is unanimous in the same season and region,and the transition of a high mode to a low one both occurred at the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s,with an exception for July in the NP,which is related to the stability of the stratification of sub-surface layer sea temperature:the interannual scale air-sea anomalies are associated with ENSO,which is most typical for January,then July in the TP,followed by January in the NP,and there is no visible relationships for July in the NP.
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摘要 :
本文采用基于碳排放强度(NCI)的消费侧碳排放核算方法,利用国际贸易中心(International Trade Centre,ITC)数据库、全球大气研究排放数据库(Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research,EDGAR)以及世界银行数据库,以欧盟、美国等13个国家和地...
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本文采用基于碳排放强度(NCI)的消费侧碳排放核算方法,利用国际贸易中心(International Trade Centre,ITC)数据库、全球大气研究排放数据库(Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research,EDGAR)以及世界银行数据库,以欧盟、美国等13个国家和地区为研究样本,对中国与全球主要经济体贸易隐含碳进行核算,厘清中国承担的国外消费侧碳排放责任,并对中国出口隐含碳的驱动因素进行了全面分析.研究发现:一是,多数发达经济体的消费侧排放高于生产侧排放,多数发展中经济体则相反,发展中国家承担了发达国家15％～20％的消费侧碳排放责任;二是,国家和地区碳排放与贸易隐含碳排放密切相关,相关系数为0.96;三是,中国承担了大量国外消费侧需求的碳排放责任,承担最多的是美国、欧盟、东盟和日本的消费侧碳排放责任,2019年分别占到中国生产侧碳排放的3.8％、3.5％、2.3％和1.2％;四是,技术效应是中国贸易隐含碳排放主要驱动因素,各行业具体驱动因素不同.基于以上分析,建议:一是,中国在推动实现"碳达峰""碳中和"目标时应考虑贸易因素;二是,针对具体行业采取差异化的贸易减排措施;三是,在国际谈判中充分考虑中国"碳达峰""碳中和"需求;四是,进一步加强基于消费侧碳排放的研究和测算.
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利用NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)海温、GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project)降水和ERA-20C(ECMWF's first atmospheric reanalysis of the 20th century)再分析大气环流资料,结合大气环流模式ECHAM5敏感性试验...
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利用NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)海温、GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project)降水和ERA-20C(ECMWF's first atmospheric reanalysis of the 20th century)再分析大气环流资料,结合大气环流模式ECHAM5敏感性试验,研究了与秋季印度洋海温偶极子模态(IOD)相联系的冬季热带西太平洋海温异常型及其对东亚冬季气候的影响.发现在秋季发生IOD背景下,冬季西太平洋存在两类海温异常的变化型:一类是西太平洋区域一致偏暖/冷的模态,另一类是区域西冷东暖/西暖东冷的模态.尽管西太平洋海温一致偏暖和西冷东暖这两类海温变化型均有利于华南冬季少降水,但影响的范围有所不同.一致偏暖型引起的少降水范围较大,从华南扩展到长江中下游地区.西冷东暖型引起少降水范围主要限于华南,而在长江中下游到华北则降水偏多.相应地,在大气环流上,尽管两类海温异常型均有利于在西北太平洋菲律宾海附近出现气旋式环流异常,但气旋的强度和中心位置有差异.一致偏暖型引起的气旋偏强,中心位置偏西,其后部异常东北风控制的范围更大,导致少降水范围更大,而西冷东暖型引起的气旋偏弱,中心位置偏东,其后部异常东北风控制的范围小,导致少降水区域主要在华南沿海.本文结果对认识IOD调制随后冬季东亚降水异常的机理有重要意义.
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