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Within the past few months, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, two of the three men who won a Nobel Prize for describing the structure of DNA, have died. Their obituaries revisited the famous 1953 Nature papers,1,2 recalling with ...
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Within the past few months, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, two of the three men who won a Nobel Prize for describing the structure of DNA, have died. Their obituaries revisited the famous 1953 Nature papers,1,2 recalling with relish the classic English understatement ‘It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material’. In reality, Crick, at least, was less subdued, bursting in to the Eagle tavern in Cambridge with James Watson and declaiming to the doubtless bemused clientele ‘we have found the secret of life’.3,4
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Promises and promise keeping play an important role in our daily life as well as in various economic situations, but maybe not all promises are voluntary and spontaneous. We examine experimentally the impact of elicited promises o...
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Promises and promise keeping play an important role in our daily life as well as in various economic situations, but maybe not all promises are voluntary and spontaneous. We examine experimentally the impact of elicited promises on trust and cooperation using the trust game. We find that, in general, elicited promises have no significant influence on the trust and trustworthy behavior. When subjects are classified into different social preference types, we find that promises can increase the amount returned by selfish types and decrease the amount returned by reciprocal types. Moreover, we analyze promise keeping and its influence factors. The results show that elicited promises are not very credible. When we exclude the observations where trustees receive nothing, about 41% of trustees break their promises. Promise keeping is also relevant to subjects' social preferences.
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Advanced available-to-promise (AATP) comprises of an assortment of methods and tools to enhance order promising responsiveness and order fulfillment reliability. This paper contributes to a theoretical framework for the developmen...
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Advanced available-to-promise (AATP) comprises of an assortment of methods and tools to enhance order promising responsiveness and order fulfillment reliability. This paper contributes to a theoretical framework for the development of models and algorithms supporting order quantity and due date quoting. At first, alternative generic AATP systems will be identified on the basis of relevant classification criteria. Based upon this classification, the AATP planning mechanisms will be detailed for two generic AATP types. On the basis of the introduced AATP types and the description of selected models we finally derive requirements, which operations and inventory management have to meet in order to ensure a successful application of AATP.
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This research proposes the use of a patent,analysis methodology that can suggest promising technology in the ICT sector at the micro-level. This approach identifies core patents from the technology field, groups them as research f...
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This research proposes the use of a patent,analysis methodology that can suggest promising technology in the ICT sector at the micro-level. This approach identifies core patents from the technology field, groups them as research frontiers (RFs), and develops a visualized network based on the citing relationships to monitor the relationship among RFs. In addition, it calculates a "promising index" based on the growth potential, impact, and marketability of patents to ultimately derive promising RFs. To illustrate the proposed approach, this research presents analysis results for a chosen area, which is the user interface and user experience (UI/UX) technology field. By proposing promising technological fields at the micro-level, the proposed methodology will serve as a useful decision making support tool in selecting R&D projects, technology planning, and determining technology policy direction.
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Abstract Objective To develop a multivariable model assessing factors predicting a second‐dose response to eptinezumab treatment over weeks 13–24 in patients with migraine initially reporting a suboptimal response over weeks 1–...
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Abstract Objective To develop a multivariable model assessing factors predicting a second‐dose response to eptinezumab treatment over weeks 13–24 in patients with migraine initially reporting a suboptimal response over weeks 1–12. Background Eptinezumab is a monoclonal antibody used for migraine prevention, administered every 12?weeks. In the PROMISE‐1 and PROMISE‐2?studies, the first‐dose response to eptinezumab treatment (≥50% monthly migraine day [MMD] reduction over weeks 1–12) occurred in ~50–60% of patients with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), respectively. Methods This post hoc analysis included patients with suboptimal first‐dose response (<50% MMD reduction over weeks 1–12) with EM and CM, with patient‐reported outcome data at weeks 12 and 24. Eptinezumab 100 and 300?mg doses were pooled. Results The analysis included 416/888 patients (46.8%) from PROMISE‐1 and 479/1072 patients (44.7%) from PROMISE‐2 with suboptimal first‐dose response. The proportion of suboptimal first‐dose responders who were second‐dose responders was 37.0% (71/192; eptinezumab) and 33.9% (42/124; placebo) in PROMISE‐1 and 28.8% (79/274) and 18.5% (38/205) in PROMISE‐2. Significant first‐dose predictors of second‐dose response were percent change in MMDs across weeks 1–12 (PROMISE‐1, odds ratio [OR]: 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95, 0.98, p?=?0.0001; PROMISE‐2, OR: 0.94, CI: 0.92, 0.96, p?收起
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Graphene is a particularly useful nanomaterial that has shown great promise in nanoelectronics. Because of the ultrahigh electron mobility of graphene and its unique surface properties such as one-atom thickness and irreversible p...
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Graphene is a particularly useful nanomaterial that has shown great promise in nanoelectronics. Because of the ultrahigh electron mobility of graphene and its unique surface properties such as one-atom thickness and irreversible protein adsorption at surfaces, graphene-based materials might serve as an ideal platform for accommodating proteins and facilitating protein electron transfer. In this work, we demonstrate that graphene oxide (GO) supports the efficient electrical wiring the redox centers of several heme-containing metalloproteins (cytochrome c, myoglobin, and horseradish peroxidase) to the electrode. Importantly, proteins retain their structural intactness and biological activity upon forming mixtures with GO. These important features imply the promising applications of GO/protein complexes in the development of biosensors and biofuel cells.
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In recent years the customer order decoupling point (CODP) has gained increased acceptance as an important concept when organizing value-adding activities in production and logistics. The CODP, which is denned as the point in the ...
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In recent years the customer order decoupling point (CODP) has gained increased acceptance as an important concept when organizing value-adding activities in production and logistics. The CODP, which is denned as the point in the value-adding material flow that separates decisions made under uncertainty from decisions made under certainty concerning customer demand, is however normally only used for production- and distribution- related activities, Here we adjust the typical CODP typology and show how the engineering resources can be integrated with the production process so as to take the features of mass customization environments into account, This paper also examines existing mass customization frameworks and offers a more thorough and nuanced typology for classifying various levels of mass customization. Finally, the adjusted CODP typology is used as a foundation for developing a reliable order promise process for mass customizers.
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Of the diverse analytical tools used in proteomics, protein microarrays possess the greatest potential for providing fundamental information on protein, ligand, analyte, receptor, and antibody affinity-based interactions, binding ...
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Of the diverse analytical tools used in proteomics, protein microarrays possess the greatest potential for providing fundamental information on protein, ligand, analyte, receptor, and antibody affinity-based interactions, binding partners and high-throughput analysis. Microarrays have been used to develop tools for drug screening, disease diagnosis, biochemical pathway mapping, protein-protein interaction analysis, vaccine development, enzyme-substrate profiling, and immuno-profiling. While the promise of the technology is intriguing, it is yet to be realized. Many challenges remain to be addressed to allow these methods to meet technical and research expectations, provide reliable assay answers, and to reliably diversify their capabilities. Critical issues include: (1) inconsistent printed microspot morphologies and uniformities, (2) low signal-to-noise ratios due to factors such as complex surface capture protocols, contamination, and static or no-flow mass transport conditions, (3) inconsistent quantification of captured signal due to spot uniformity issues, (4) non-optimal protocol conditions such as pH, temperature, drying that promote variability in assay kinetics, and lastly (5) poor protein (e.g., antibody) printing, storage, or shelf-life compatibility with common microarray assay fabrication methods, directly related to microarray protocols. Conventional printing approaches, including contact (e.g., quill and solid pin), non-contact (e.g., piezo and inkjet), microfluidics-based, microstamping, lithography, and cell-free protein expression microarrays, have all been used with varying degrees of success with figures of merit often defined arbitrarily without comparisons to standards, or analytical or fiduciary controls. Many microarray performance reports use bench top analyte preparations lacking real-world relevance, akin to "fishing in a barrel", for proof of concept and determinations of figures of merit. This review critiques current protein-based microarray preparation techniques commonly used for analytical and functionbased proteomics and their effects on array-based assay performance.
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Microfluidic transport in spiral channels is a promising flow-driven mechanism for applications such as cell sorting and particle focusing. Spiral channels have unique curvature-driven flow characteristics that trigger Dean flow, ...
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Microfluidic transport in spiral channels is a promising flow-driven mechanism for applications such as cell sorting and particle focusing. Spiral channels have unique curvature-driven flow characteristics that trigger Dean flow, forcing the liquid to be displaced toward the outer wall of the microchannel due to centrifugal force. Despite the growing popularity of these applications, there is a lack of physical understanding of such particle-fluid two-phase transport in a spiral microchannel. To address this gap, in this paper we employ a coupled particle-transport-microfluidic-flow (two-phase) computational fluid dynamics model for probing such two-phase transport in a curved microchannel that gives rise to Dean flow. Our simulations reveal that the presence of the particles has two effects: (1) they reduce the Dean flow effect of skewing the flow field toward the outer wall, that is, the flow becomes more symmetric (or the velocity maximum moves toward the center of the channel) and (2) there is a significant alteration in the vortex patterns associated with the Dean flow. We quantify the drag and lift forces experienced by the particles and propose that the corresponding particle-imparted drag and the lift forces on the continuous phase counter the effect of the curvature-driven centrifugal force on the continuous phase, thereby altering the Dean flow characteristics. Furthermore, we anticipate that such precise quantification of the forces experienced by these particles, present in finitely large concentration in microfluidic Dean flow, will be critical in designing Dean flow effect driven size-based microfluidic particle separation.
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