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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the associations between specific functional needs of older Veterans and the desire to institutionalize (DTI) among their caregivers. Methods Cross‐sectional multivariable logistic regression analy...
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the associations between specific functional needs of older Veterans and the desire to institutionalize (DTI) among their caregivers. Methods Cross‐sectional multivariable logistic regression analysis of 3579 Hero Care survey responses from caregivers of Veterans at five US sites from July to December 2021. Unmet needs were areas in which the caregiver reported the Veteran needed a little more or a lot more help. Caregiver DTI was defined as the caregiver reporting that they had discussed, considered, or taken steps toward a nursing home or assisted living placement for the Veteran or that they felt the Veteran would be better off in such a setting or they were likely to move the Veteran to another living arrangement. Results Caregivers were largely white, retired, females with an average age of 71 and with some college education who spent an average of 8–9?h per day 6?days a week caring for a Veteran spouse. There was evidence of associations between the following needs and a DTI: managing incontinence, using the telephone, transportation, and arranging services in the home such as visiting nurses, home care aides, or meals on wheels. Unmet functional needs in other selected domains were not associated with the DTI. Conclusion Among caregivers of older Veterans, a need for more assistance managing incontinence, telephone use, transportation, and arranging in‐home services were associated with the DTI. These may represent functional markers of important clinical determinants for institutionalization as well as potential targets for intervention to reduce caregiver DTI, such as programs that provide more caregiver or Veteran support in the home to meet these needs and reduce caregiver burden.
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While the science and economics of climate change have been examined extensively, this has not been so with institutions, governance and service activity which are essential response mechanisms. This Symposium seeks to address thi...
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While the science and economics of climate change have been examined extensively, this has not been so with institutions, governance and service activity which are essential response mechanisms. This Symposium seeks to address this situation in theory and practice. Here, three broad institutional perspectives are provided, comprising issues and challenges for institutions within and across state-market-civil society boundaries. This material leads into subsequent discussions of significant developments in Brazil, China, India, Vietnam, Australia and the European Union. The result is an array of insights and lessons on which further research and analyses could valuably build.
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Commentaries on the status of the marketing discipline conclude that it is significantly troubled, which raises the question: Do the troubles identified portend a de-institutionalization of the discipline in marketing's Era Ⅳ (19...
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Commentaries on the status of the marketing discipline conclude that it is significantly troubled, which raises the question: Do the troubles identified portend a de-institutionalization of the discipline in marketing's Era Ⅳ (1980-2020) and its potential re-institutionalization in Era Ⅴ (2020-?)? This article examines (1) the marketing discipline's founding in Era Ⅰ (1900-1920), (2) how the discipline became institutionalized in Era Ⅱ (1920-1950), (3) how marketing was re-institutionalized in Era Ⅲ (1950-1980), and (4) how the discipline's fragmentation in Era Ⅳ (1980-2020) portends its de-institutionalization. The article concludes by arguing for the marketing discipline's re-institutionalization in Era Ⅴ (2020-?).
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The research uses 18 business cases to verify the institutional theory of downsizing (McKinley et al., 2000). It shows that the rationale behind enterprises' downsizing practices is mixed with economic factors, institutional facto...
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The research uses 18 business cases to verify the institutional theory of downsizing (McKinley et al., 2000). It shows that the rationale behind enterprises' downsizing practices is mixed with economic factors, institutional factors and social cognition processes. Moreover, the influences of institutionalization appear not only on the motivation of downsizing, but also on the practices used by enterprises to execute the downsizing strategies. The implications are: institutionalization would influence the entire process of downsizing and the future research should try to make the institutional theory of downsizing more concrete and complete. Meanwhile, the findings are useful references for enterprises and employees when dealing with the labour relations when downsizing, especially for the global HRM strategies in MNCs.
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There has been an organisational transfer from the European Union to the Energy Community, while, at the same time, the transposition of EU law into the contracting parties of South East Europe and beyond has also proceeded. Thus ...
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There has been an organisational transfer from the European Union to the Energy Community, while, at the same time, the transposition of EU law into the contracting parties of South East Europe and beyond has also proceeded. Thus far, the Energy Community has been the subject of relatively few theoretical explanations. This study aims at introducing a new alternative one (rational choice-historical institutionalist explanation) in order to conceptualize the role of the Community. This article consists of three sections. The first section compiles and evaluates the theoretical literature regarding the Energy Community. The second section explores rational choice and historical institutionalism's potential to explain the Community's evolution. The third section deals both with the Community's impact on the EU's external energy policy and the Europeanization of energy policies of the contracting parties. Institutional improvements within the Community for better implementation results are foreseen as policy implications.
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A sociological institutionalist approach known as 'World Society' led by Stanford sociologist John W. Meyer is a useful way to move beyond the state- and EU-centrism that is still prevalent in European studies. It resonates well w...
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A sociological institutionalist approach known as 'World Society' led by Stanford sociologist John W. Meyer is a useful way to move beyond the state- and EU-centrism that is still prevalent in European studies. It resonates well with both the 'sociological turn' in European studies and the rise of constructivist critiques against rational choice accounts of European transformations. Furthermore, it helps to develop neo-institutionalist scholarship on European affairs by providing a macro-sociological approach that establishes the 'missing link' between the EU and its broader social environment.
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After 100 years of research I look back at the beginnings of the psychology of eyewitness testimony to assess the 'progress' researchers have made. Specifically, I review the origins of (experimental) psychological research at the...
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After 100 years of research I look back at the beginnings of the psychology of eyewitness testimony to assess the 'progress' researchers have made. Specifically, I review the origins of (experimental) psychological research at the first three decades of the 20th century in Central Europe which quickly expanded around the world. Both eyewitness errors (e.g. due to suggestive questioning) as well as intentional distortions of the truth (lies) were thoroughly studied at that time. An eyewitness statement was considered a joint product of cognitive factors and of interrogation. It is argued that many of the central issues that are at the focus of study today had already been addressed in this early period, perhaps even with a broader scope than much contemporary writing. At the end, I propose an integrative model of the psychology of testimony that may help to organise past and future research. Ten theses that address unresolved issues and suggestions for solutions after 100 years of research are outlined. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Tradition is certainly not new to the domain of innovation research. However, the interplay between the two has attracted less nuanced attention than it should have. Drawing on institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to...
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Tradition is certainly not new to the domain of innovation research. However, the interplay between the two has attracted less nuanced attention than it should have. Drawing on institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamicsand tensions between traditions and innovations, by proposing an analytical framework. It also applies the framework using a case study approach, where the practices involved in the innovation process constitute the unit of analysis. The findings of thepaper show that the interplay between the tradition and innovation is seldom a linear process; rather, there are dynamics and tensions related to both, with the enabling or restricting nature of tradition in innovative processes and the contribution ofinnovation to the preservation of tradition, be it in the form of knowledge or local cultural values.
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The Chilean government commissioned a quasi-experimental study with a pre-/postintervention design that had two general aims: (a) to assess infants' psychoaffective developmental levels (pre-intervention phase) and (b) to evaluate...
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The Chilean government commissioned a quasi-experimental study with a pre-/postintervention design that had two general aims: (a) to assess infants' psychoaffective developmental levels (pre-intervention phase) and (b) to evaluate whether an intervention based on the promotion of socioemotional development modifies the infant's psychoaffective development. Sixty-two institutionalized infants and their alternative caregivers were evaluated at a pre-intervention stage. An intervention then took place, with the caregivers trained according to an "attachment sensitivity manual." Results showed normal ranges of psychomotor development (64% normal, 9% delayed) and a very high frequency of attachment insecurity, as compared to the normative population (53%).The intervention significantly improved social orientation and object orientation as well as activity and reactivity levels. We conclude that although institutionalized infants in Chile do not exhibit high levels of atypical attachment, socioemotional deterioration may lead to vulnerability in present and future development. Finally, the scope of this study affected public policies regarding children, initiating a change to a foster family system and a variety of modifications in the strategies for adopting institutionalized infants.
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