摘要 :
Purpose
– Building on trait activation theory, theory of other orientation, and self-perception theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine how employees’ perceptions of helping efficacy and instrumentality influence the re...
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Purpose
– Building on trait activation theory, theory of other orientation, and self-perception theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine how employees’ perceptions of helping efficacy and instrumentality influence the relationship between their prosocial motive and helping behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
– Data from 304 supervisor-subordinate dyads in South Korea were analyzed. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression.
Findings
– The results show that prosocial motive had a stronger positive influence on helping behavior among employees with high levels of helping efficacy. However, contrary to our expectation, prosocial motive was more positively related to helping behavior when employees had high levels of helping instrumentality.
Practical implications
– Organizations need to present employees with effective, standardized work procedures to make them feel efficacy in helping others. It is also necessary for organizations to consider helping behavior an important factor in performance evaluation and to signify to employees that helping behavior will be rewarded.
Social implications
– Helping behavior is critical for the effectiveness of both organizations and society at large; voluntarily helping people can enhance various kinds of performance at the societal level and can contribute to people’s welfare. Thus, it is necessary to teach people how to help others and to recognize helping behavior.
Originality/value
– This study contributes to the understanding of when the influence of prosocial motive on helping is more strongly activated by incorporating employees’ perceptions of the contexts in which helping behavior operates – efficacy and instrumentality.
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摘要 :
Popular parlance, several organizational literatures (e.g., feedback, mentoring, and organizational citizenship behavior), and research literatures in other academic disciplines (e.g., social psychology, judgment and decision-maki...
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Popular parlance, several organizational literatures (e.g., feedback, mentoring, and organizational citizenship behavior), and research literatures in other academic disciplines (e.g., social psychology, judgment and decision-making) have recognized that help can sometimes be unhelpful. The current paper organizes and extends the extant research in this area using a momentary, relational, person-person complementary fit (i.e., need-fulfillment) conceptual model that it applies to: (1) targets' motives for seeking help and actors' motives for providing it, (2) the knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) needed by targets and those possessed by actors, and (3) the types of help needed by targets and those provided by actors. As a part of this, the paper develops review-based taxonomies of motives relevant to helping, KSAs relevant to helping, and types of help. The paper additionally delineates further extensions of the conceptual model, important avenues for future research, and practical implications associated with the effective giving and seeking of help in organizational settings.
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Online product reviews aid consumer decision making. Although many studies show that review characteristics have salient effects on review helpfulness, little research has investigated whether such effects change temporally. To br...
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Online product reviews aid consumer decision making. Although many studies show that review characteristics have salient effects on review helpfulness, little research has investigated whether such effects change temporally. To bridge this research gap, we study the dynamic formation of review helpfulness by considering the behaviors of three major players in a typical review system: consumers, the review hosting firm, and reviewers. This study uses both dynamic and static drivers of review helpfulness to examine temporal changes in their effects on review helpfulness, along two time characteristics of a post: its lifespan and its timing. Daily data collected from Amazon show that for long post lifespans or late post timing, the effects of static drivers and the spillover effect of dynamic drivers weaken, but the carryover effect of dynamic drivers strengthens. For vendors to leverage user reviews of a product, high-quality reviews posted early are extremely important and should be cultivated diligently. Sorting by review quality attributes, such as review length, also can effectively prolong the time window for reviewers to write high-quality detailed reviews. (C) 2018 Direct Marketing Educational Foundation, Inc. dba Marketing EDGE. All rights reserved.
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Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a framework, this study examined predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to seeking help from formal and informal sources among older Black male foster youth and al...
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Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a framework, this study examined predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to seeking help from formal and informal sources among older Black male foster youth and alumni. Results of logistic regression analyses showed that emotional control, a predisposing variable, was related to help-seeking. Specifically, greater adherence to the norm of emotional control was related to lower likelihood of using informal or formal sources of help. These results support the literature on males, in general, and Black males, in particular, that posits that inhibitions to express emotions are a barrier to their help seeking. Implications for help seeking among vulnerable populations of adolescent and young adult Black males are discussed.
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摘要 :
Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a framework, this study examined predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to seeking help from formal and informal sources among older Black male foster youth and al...
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Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a framework, this study examined predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to seeking help from formal and informal sources among older Black male foster youth and alumni. Results of logistic regression analyses showed that emotional control, a predisposing variable, was related to help-seeking. Specifically, greater adherence to the norm of emotional control was related to lower likelihood of using informal or formal sources of help. These results support the literature on males, in general, and Black males, in particular, that posits that inhibitions to express emotions are a barrier to their help seeking. Implications for help seeking among vulnerable populations of adolescent and young adult Black males are discussed.
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Purpose - Online help and tutorials are an important part of library services, yet they are often studied in specific contexts and disciplines like subject-specific research guides. The objective of this study was to examine users...
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Purpose - Online help and tutorials are an important part of library services, yet they are often studied in specific contexts and disciplines like subject-specific research guides. The objective of this study was to examine users' common preferences and expectations of library help channels in general and online help in particular. Design/methodology/approach - The authors conducted a qualitative survey with 45 library users. The survey asked users how they seek library help, their preferences and expectations of online help, content format and general help channels and later, a content analysis of survey responses was performed. Findings - Results showed that survey participants have different prioritizations of library help channels. Half of the respondents preferred conceptual help that emphasizes concepts and underlying principles, while the other half preferred procedural (step-by-step) help or mixed. The survey also indicated reliance by participants on expert help, even when online help was available. Originality/value - Based on the results, the authors identified users' behavioral preferences, attitudes and expectations toward library help channels and online help content. They also discussed the unique challenge of creating online help for libraries, as users have a dynamic range of help-seeking preferences and mixed expectations of help content depending on the context.
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Research on helping has identified positive consequences of helping for the helper, beneficiary, group, and organization. Recent research, however, raises concerns about contingencies that influence the outcomes of helping and sug...
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Research on helping has identified positive consequences of helping for the helper, beneficiary, group, and organization. Recent research, however, raises concerns about contingencies that influence the outcomes of helping and suggests the need for a more nuanced perspective on the positive outcomes of helping. In this paper, we develop a novel theoretical perspective to address these contingencies by differentiating between proactive helping and reactive helping. Drawing from the two main theoretical frameworks, which have been used as the basis for studying helping-social exchange theory and functional motives theory-we discuss differences in the positive consequences of reactive and proactive helping for helpers, dyads, groups, and organizations. We submit that reactive helping facilitates heedful relationships, such that it creates and perpetuates social exchange norms that benefit others in the group. Conversely, we posit that proactive helping is often based on fulfilling personal needs, such that it benefits the self in terms of reputational benefits, well-being, favorable self-evaluations, need satisfaction, and self-development. We discuss theoretical implications of this framework for future research on the positive consequences of helping.
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Previous research by the Modena Group on Stalking (MGS) regarding awareness and recognition of stalking by police officers and general practitioners using case scenarios showed significant differences across three countries. It wa...
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Previous research by the Modena Group on Stalking (MGS) regarding awareness and recognition of stalking by police officers and general practitioners using case scenarios showed significant differences across three countries. It was also hypothesized that victims used different pathways when seeking help. To explore the experience of requesting help by victims of stalking in different European countries a detailed survey was completed by 391 victims of stalking in Belgium (n = 145), Italy (n = 126) and Slovenia (n = 120). The research confirmed the significant intensity and duration of stalking and psychological distress for victims. Victims used several pathways to survive stalking. Some victims reported that informal interventions they or family/friends implemented were effective, but the majority had to have recourse to helping agencies. Significant differences in help seeking behaviour were found between the three countries. In Belgium victims contacted the police, as well as other helping agencies, more often and more precociously than in Italy and Slovenia. Restriction orders against the stalker were considered the most effective intervention. Police were regarded as the least supportive agency, taking victims less seriously, and not being particularly effective at stopping the stalkers. Police were ranked after family/friends, lawyers and colleagues, with regards effectiveness, except in Belgium, where Police’s effectiveness was ranked second after lawyers. Stalking often requires the mobilization of multiple helping agencies by victims and it is important that victims are aware of what help is available to them and that agencies become more sensitive to their needs.
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This paper examines the topic of help seeking for university students. It exposes the different understandings of help-seeking from various authors, research debates about the topic. Three models of help-seeking are exposed. These...
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This paper examines the topic of help seeking for university students. It exposes the different understandings of help-seeking from various authors, research debates about the topic. Three models of help-seeking are exposed. These models consider help-seeking in different contexts and perspectives. We analysed the approaches used in devising these models and present the general understandings for academic help-seeking. An Academic Help-Seeking model is proposed. The model draws from existing help-seeking models and considers both the formal and informal learning environments.
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In the present paper, the HELP model was first introduced as a US EPA approved software to estimate the amount of leachate produced in landfills, and its implementation was described. Hydrological data were then prepared for the t...
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In the present paper, the HELP model was first introduced as a US EPA approved software to estimate the amount of leachate produced in landfills, and its implementation was described. Hydrological data were then prepared for the time of operation of the hypothetical landfill of waste produced in Urmia (as a case study) and 30 years after its closure at different conditions. According to the results, at the time of operation during the most severe rainfall conditions, due to incomplete final coverage, infiltrated leachate into the soil will increase to 8.282 m3/year, which can have a significant impact on soil and groundwater contamination. Also, using its outputs as baseline data in leachate calculations during the 30 years after landfill closure results in a 6.71% increase in the amount of leachate (this leachate is generally ignored in leachate design calculations). In other words, precipitation and hydrological conditions change the moisture contenet of the buried layers during the operation of the burial site, which, if approached by saturation conditions, will result in excess moisture form the leachate. In the long-term, increasing or decreasing precipitation will have a direct effect on leachate.
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