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The present study was conducted during four years (2013-2016) to throw some light on the acarofauna of the different fauna in different regions covered El-Dakahlia Governorate. This study revealed the occurrence of 36 different mi...
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The present study was conducted during four years (2013-2016) to throw some light on the acarofauna of the different fauna in different regions covered El-Dakahlia Governorate. This study revealed the occurrence of 36 different mite species belonging to 23 genera and 14 families under four suborders as follows: Suborder Astigmata (Acaridida) which represented by 16 different species belong to 11 genera and 5 families. Also, Suborder Prostigmata (Actinedida) represented in this study by 7 mite species belonging to 4 genera in 4 families. On the other hand, the Suborder Mesostigmata (Gamasida) was represented by 10 mite species belonging to 5 genera in 3 families. The suborder Cryptostigmata (Oribatida) in this study included three mite species belong to two families. The stored product materials were the most source of mite abundance (33 different species) and the commonest mites were T. putrescentiae, Tarsonemus granaries and P. pygmaeus. On the other hand, the plant leaves were infested with 3 mites species and the most abundant mites were Orthotydeus californicus and T. putrescentiae, but the different tested soil harbored 4 mites, and O. sticta was the only dominant collected mite. The regions can be descending arranged as follows: Belkas (14 species), Meit Ghamr (11 species), Talkha (10 species), Aga and Sherbein (9 species), El-Mansoura (8 species), Meneit El-Nasr and Dekirnes (7 species), El-Sinbilawein (6 species) and El-Manzala (5 species). The dominant species of different tested regions in this study was the acarid mite, T. putrescentiae.
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Empirical impact evidence exists for few of New Zealand's environmental weeds. Financial constraints prevent managers examining all impacts of all weeds. Therefore it is useful to seek generalisable rules which allow managers to p...
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Empirical impact evidence exists for few of New Zealand's environmental weeds. Financial constraints prevent managers examining all impacts of all weeds. Therefore it is useful to seek generalisable rules which allow managers to predict impacts of new invasions. Invasive weeds may indirectly affect fungivorous invertebrates through mechanisms such as altered litter-fall, decomposition rates, and microclimate, all of which may alter fungal activity. I tested the hypothesis that fungivorous invertebrates would be consistently affected by three invasive weeds, and that this effect would be more pronounced than for other invertebrate functional groups. Using pitfall traps, I compared invertebrates beneath climbing asparagus, tradescantia and ginger with invertebrates of uninvaded lowland forest. Five out of six Coleoptera taxa which differed in abundance between invaded and uninvaded sites were fungivores; the remaining taxon was a saprophage. At least two taxa of fungivorous Coleoptera responded to each of the three weed species. Acari (mainly Oribatids, some of which are fungivores), Isopoda and Amphipoda (decomposers) were the only taxa to respond to the presence of all three weed species. These results provide some support for the hypothesis that fungivores are particularly responsive to ground-cover weed invasion, but suggest this could be extended to include decomposers as well. However, the direction of effect differed among weed species. Therefore, while changes in fungivore and decomposer abundance may be predicted as one of the more likely consequences of ground-cover weed invasion in New Zealand low-land forest, site- and taxa-specific effects make it difficult to predict the direction of effect.
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This work was conducted to determine the effect of two different fungi i.e. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum as food sources on the biology of the mesostigmatid fungivorous mite Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Ascidae) at differe...
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This work was conducted to determine the effect of two different fungi i.e. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum as food sources on the biology of the mesostigmatid fungivorous mite Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Ascidae) at different laboratory conditions (15, 25 and 35+2 and 75+5% R.H.). Also, the effect of yeast and Fusarium oxysporum on the biological aspects of the astigmatid mite, Glycyphagus ornatus (Glycyphagidae) was determined at different laboratory conditions (15, 25 and 35 and 75% R.H.). Theincubation period, life cycle, longevity and life span of both females and males and the fecundity (number of eggs) of the females of different tested fungivorous mites weresignificantly differed according to the different experiment conditions (diets and temperatures). The developmental periods of P. pygmaeus and G. ornatus were faster for the male members than females and 15 increased these periods, than 35. The number of deposited eggs by females of the both P. pygmaeus and G. ornatus differed according to the kind of food source and used temperature, as the number of P. pygmaeus deposited eggs increased when the individuals fed on F. oxysporum at 35 than on A. flavus at 15 and 25. Also, the number of deposited eggs by females of G. ornatus was obviously increased when females reared on yeast at 25 than any other diets and temperatures.
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Fungal feeding soil invertebrates feed on a wide spectrum of fungal species suggesting that mixed diets increase fitness. We investigated relationships between food preferences for seven saprophytic fungal species/forms and fitnes...
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Fungal feeding soil invertebrates feed on a wide spectrum of fungal species suggesting that mixed diets increase fitness. We investigated relationships between food preferences for seven saprophytic fungal species/forms and fitness parameters (mortality, growth, time to reproduction, reproduction, egg size) in two Collembola species, Folsomia candida and Protaphorura armata. The fungal species/forms studied included the wild type and a melanin-deficient form of Aspergillus fumigatus to investigate the role of melanin in collembolan nutrition. Also, three mixed diets consisting of a preferred fungal species (Cladosporium cladosporioides) and species of intermediate or low food quality were investigated. Both Collembola species preferred similar fungal species/forms as food. Food preference generally matched fitness parameters, i.e. growth and reproduction of Collembola was at a maximum when feeding on preferred fungi. This was not the case for A. fumigatus. The wild type and the melanin-deficient form ranked among the least preferred fungi. Growth and reproduction of Collembola were low when feeding on the wild type but high when feeding on the melanin-deficient form indicating that the Collembola misjudged the food quality of the latter in the preference tests. The results show for the first time that genes driving melanin syntheses (pksP) strongly affect the food quality of fungi for fungal feeding invertebrates. Feeding on mixed diets generally increased growth and reproduction of Collembola except when the diets included toxic species (Penicillium sp.). The results support the nutrient balance hypothesis and also show that the detection of toxic species in the diet is important. They indicate that the widespread generalist feeding mode of Collembola maximizes fitness if toxic fungal species are avoided. The fitness parameters growth, reproduction and time until onset of reproduction were correlated closely but egg volume, which also varied with fungal diet, correlated poorly with the other fitness parameters. Variation in egg size with fungal diet shows that the diet of Collembola may have transgenerational effects.
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Dryadaula terpsichorella (Busck, 1910) has been discovered at two sites in San Diego, California, near the harbor and 24 em distant, in July 1998 and February 1999. The species is widespread in the western Pacific and has been kno...
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Dryadaula terpsichorella (Busck, 1910) has been discovered at two sites in San Diego, California, near the harbor and 24 em distant, in July 1998 and February 1999. The species is widespread in the western Pacific and has been known in Hawaii for a century, where the larvae occur among dead leaves of various plants. The adults perform perculiar, circular 'dances' upon alighting.
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Although testate amoebae have attracted interest of protistologists for more than 150 years, some groups especially those with a hyaline, organic test (= theca) are still poorly known. One of those is the genus Lecythium (Chlamydo...
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Although testate amoebae have attracted interest of protistologists for more than 150 years, some groups especially those with a hyaline, organic test (= theca) are still poorly known. One of those is the genus Lecythium (Chlamydophryidae, Tectofilosida, Cercozoa, Rhizaria), first described by Hertwig and Lesser in 1874. Only old, sometimes obscure, species descriptions were available until only recently a new species of Lecythium was described and a small ribosomal subunit RNA gene (SSU) sequence was provided. To shed light on the phylogeny and taxonomy of Lecythium, we (a) cultured six isolates of five Lecythium species and provide morphological as well as ecological observations, (b) obtained six new SSU sequences and conducted phylogenetic analyses of the Tectofilosida, showing that Lecythium splits into terrestrial and freshwater clades, and (c) did an intensive literature research on testate amoebae with a theca and provide an illustrated identification key focusing on Lecythium. For the first time, the presence of cysts in the genus Lecythium is reported and we compared those to the cysts of the presumed closely related Chlamydophrys stercorea. Our results suggest that still many undescribed Lecythium species will be found in terrestrial and freshwater habitats.
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Basidiomes of polypore fungi host many insects. Yet systematic information about insect assemblages from most fungal species is lacking. We studied the insect community associated with the wood-decaying fungus Inonotus radiatus (S...
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Basidiomes of polypore fungi host many insects. Yet systematic information about insect assemblages from most fungal species is lacking. We studied the insect community associated with the wood-decaying fungus Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby: Fr.) P. Karst. (Hymenochaetales). More specifically, we studied the effect of successional stage and weight of basidiomes, as well as shore exposition (north or south), on species richness and composition, as well as occurrence and abundance of the most abundant fungivores. Basidiomes were collected from riparian forests at five lakes in Sweden. Insects were reared out from the basidiomes in the laboratory. A total of 5645 adult insect individuals of 117 taxa were obtained. Among these, 2782 specimens of 36 taxa use Inonotus radiatus basidiomes as breeding habitat. Eight species of parasitic wasps were new to Sweden. The most abundant fungivore was Ennearthron cornutum (Ciidae), which is a generalist breeding in many polypore species. Based on our material and literature, the melandryid beetles Abdera affinis and A. flexuosa seem to be specialists on the order Hymenochaetales. Other frequent fungivores were Dorcatoma dresdensis (Ptinidae), and the lepidopterans Archinemapogon yildizae, Nemapogon cloacellus and N. picarellus (Tineidae). The parasitoid community associated with the tineid moths was similar to the community associated with the other polypore species in the order Polyporales. In contrast, the parasitoids associated with Dorcatoma (and/or Abdera) were different from the other Polyporales species, suggesting that the fungal host species is more important for these parasitoid species than the beetle host species itself. The most abundant and frequent parasitoids were the braconids Diospilus dispar and Colastes fritzeni, which both parasitise Dorcatoma. Species richness was significantly smaller in fresh than in more decayed basidiomes, but species composition did not differ. There was no difference in species composition or richness between north and south shorelines.
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Brachypeplus habecki Cline and Skelley, sp. nov. is described from southern Texas, and Brachypeplus glaber LeConte is rediagnosed and discussed. Cyllodes thomasi Cline and Skelley, sp. nov. is described from southern Arizona, and ...
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Brachypeplus habecki Cline and Skelley, sp. nov. is described from southern Texas, and Brachypeplus glaber LeConte is rediagnosed and discussed. Cyllodes thomasi Cline and Skelley, sp. nov. is described from southern Arizona, and Cyllodes biplagiatusis discussed. Habitus and genitalic photographs are provided as well as images of key diagnostic features for these species. An identification key is provided to distinguish the Brachypeplus and Cyllodes present in North America. Cryptarcha omisitoides Reitter, a previously unreported Central American nitidulid, is newly recorded from Arizona; and Carpophilus opthalmicus Murray, a previously unreported Caribbean species, is newly recorded from Florida. A discussion of Cryptarcha omisitoides and Carpophilus opthalmicus is also provided.
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Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed), when controlled by biocontrol agent Agasicles hygrophila, is known to differ from native vegetation in its decomposition dynamics. This study investigated whether this differe...
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Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed), when controlled by biocontrol agent Agasicles hygrophila, is known to differ from native vegetation in its decomposition dynamics. This study investigated whether this difference would have indirect effects for fungal-feeding Coleoptera. The study tested the hypothesis that fungivores would be more abundant and species rich on A. philoxeroides than on native vegetation. The study also tested the hypothesis that fungivores would be more affected than other functional groups. The study was conducted in a northern New Zealand lake. Litterbags were placed beneath A. philoxeroides and two native sedge species (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani and Isolepis prolifer). Coleoptera communities were examined from the litterbags. Fungivorous Coleoptera were more abundant and species rich beneath A. philoxeroides than beneath either sedge species. No other functional groups differed between cover types. Fungivorous Coleoptera also comprised a greater proportion of total Coleoptera catch from litterbags beneath A. philoxeroides cover than from beneath native sedge cover. Four of the six fungivorous Coleoptera species collected in the study were present beneath A. philoxeroides cover. Of these, the two most abundant species (on native, one exotic) were both from the family Corylophidae. Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion is thus associated with altered Coleoptera communities in this ecosystem.
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The development in the fruit bodies of fungi was determined for five species of moth flies: Panimerus albifacies (Tonnoir), Clytocerus rivosus (Tonnoir), Psychoda lobata Tonnoir, P cinerea Banks and P pusilla Tonnoir. P albifacies...
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The development in the fruit bodies of fungi was determined for five species of moth flies: Panimerus albifacies (Tonnoir), Clytocerus rivosus (Tonnoir), Psychoda lobata Tonnoir, P cinerea Banks and P pusilla Tonnoir. P albifacies is reported as a new species for the Lithuanian insect fauna. Larval trophic and topic relationships with fungal fruit bodies were established for the first time for three species of moth flies: P albifacies, C. rivosus and P pusilla. The results of this study and literature data suggest that trophic and topic relationships with fungal substrate in Europe have been established for 15 species of moth flies.
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