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QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) modelling was performed on a dataset of 90 sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The quantitative and explicative evaluations revealed some of the subtle a...
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QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) modelling was performed on a dataset of 90 sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The quantitative and explicative evaluations revealed some of the subtle and distinguished structural features that are responsible for the inhibitory potency of these compounds against SGLT2, such as less possible number of ring carbons at 8 angstrom from the lipophilic atoms in the molecule (fringClipo8A) and more possible value for the sum of the partial charges of the lipophilic atoms present within seven bonds from the donor atoms (lipo_don_7Bc). Multivariate GA-MLR (genetic algorithm-multi linear regression) and thorough validation methodology out-turned a statistically robust QSAR model with a very high predictability shown from various statistical parameters. A QSAR model with r (2) = 0.83, F = 51.54, Q (2) (LOO) = 0.79, Q (2) (LMO) = 0.79, CCC (cv) = 0.88, Q F-2(n) = 0.76-0.81, r (2) (ext) = 0.77, CCC (ext) = 0.85, and with RMSEtr < RMSEcv was proposed. This QSAR model will assist synthetic chemists in the development of the SGLT2 inhibitors as the antidiabetic leads.
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Background & Method: The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of various thyroid disorders between T1DM and T2DM populations. Present study is conducted at Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas, M.P. Result: Out of 132 diabetic patients, 8.33% (11/132) were suffering from T1DM and 91.67% (121/132) from T2DM.Hyperthyroidism was the most prevalent disorder in T1DM patients, occurring in up to 18.18% of the total T1DM population [9.09% were having primary hyperthyroidism and 9.09% were having T3 toxicosis syndromes]. Males and females are equally affected (Both 9.09%). In T2DM patients, primary hypothyroidism was the most prevalent disorder, occurring in up to 7.44% of the total diabetic population, followed by subclinical hypothyroidism in 5.79%, subclinical hyperthyroidism in 4.13%, hyperthyroidism in 0.83%, and nonthyroid dysfunction in 0.83% patients....
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Background & Method: The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of various thyroid disorders between T1DM and T2DM populations. Present study is conducted at Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas, M.P. Result: Out of 132 diabetic patients, 8.33% (11/132) were suffering from T1DM and 91.67% (121/132) from T2DM.Hyperthyroidism was the most prevalent disorder in T1DM patients, occurring in up to 18.18% of the total T1DM population [9.09% were having primary hyperthyroidism and 9.09% were having T3 toxicosis syndromes]. Males and females are equally affected (Both 9.09%). In T2DM patients, primary hypothyroidism was the most prevalent disorder, occurring in up to 7.44% of the total diabetic population, followed by subclinical hypothyroidism in 5.79%, subclinical hyperthyroidism in 4.13%, hyperthyroidism in 0.83%, and nonthyroid dysfunction in 0.83% patients.
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder characterised by prolonged elevated blood glucose that brings a risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular disease. Several factors, such as dysregulation...
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder characterised by prolonged elevated blood glucose that brings a risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular disease. Several factors, such as dysregulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), are reputed to contribute to the multiple pathophysiological disturbances responsible for impaired glucose homeostasis. We hypothesised that variants rs5030717 and rs5030718 of TLR4 are associated with diabetic nephropathy, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.
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Background: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the United States and worldwide. Insulin injection pens are preferred over vial/syringe methods, and are designed to facilitate use, improve adherence, and provide accurate i...
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Background: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the United States and worldwide. Insulin injection pens are preferred over vial/syringe methods, and are designed to facilitate use, improve adherence, and provide accurate insulin delivery. Objective: This study compares the efficacy, safety profile, and patient preference of the new prefilled insulin pen FT** *FlexTouch is a registered trade name of Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. versus the original insulin pen FP.? ?FlexPen is a registered trade name of Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. Methods: This randomized, multicenter, open-label, crossover study was conducted in insulin-treated pen-nave patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=242, mean age 58 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 31.4kg/m 2, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 7.3%). Patients were randomized 1:1 to either FT or FP for 12 weeks and then switched to the alternate insulin device for 12 weeks, while the insulin regimen was kept the same. All subjects were on either insulin detemir alone or in combination with insulin aspart treatment during the trial. HbA1c was assessed at screening, randomization, cross-over period, and end of trial. The safety profile was evaluated based on adverse events (AEs), adverse device effects (ADEs), and hypoglycemic episodes. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires assessed at randomization, crossover period, and end of trial were used to investigate the subjects' preference of the two prefilled devices. Results: A total of 400 subjects were screened, 242 subjects were randomized and exposed to the prefilled pen devices, and 222 subjects completed the trial. Twenty subjects discontinued the study. Four subjects discontinued due to adverse events. Subject default (withdrawal of consent and loss to follow up) was the most common reason for discontinuation (10 subjects), Glycemic control achieved with FT was comparable to that with FP (FTFP: difference -0.047 [95% CI -0.127; 0.032%]). The majority of subjects (68%) indicated a preference for the FT device over FP. In addition, the majority of subjects found FT easier to use (64% [144/226]), easier to inject the insulin dose (65% [148/227]) and easier to push for injection (69% [155/226]). The Treatment Related Impact MeasureDiabetes (TRIM-D) ratings of FT were significantly higher for diabetes management facilitation (P<0.001), and treatment burden (P<0.001). The safety profiles were comparable for FT and FP. Conclusions: FT was found to be comparable to FP with respect to the efficacy and safety profile. Significantly more subjects favored the FT device in terms of ease of use, insulin injection, diabetes management, and overall preference. A limitation of the present study was its open-label design because the pen devices used to administer the insulin were distinctively different and the use of a double-dummy design was precluded by the absence of placebo pen devices. The questionnaires about treatment were related to the use of the device and therefore a blinded study was not possible.
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Aims: This study investigates whether diabetes patients visiting a primary care setting are interested in using a telemonitoring platform and if so, whether characteristics of interested users could be distinguished. Methods: Thre...
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Aims: This study investigates whether diabetes patients visiting a primary care setting are interested in using a telemonitoring platform and if so, whether characteristics of interested users could be distinguished. Methods: Three questionnaires were administered by 92 diabetes persons recruited between May and September 2011. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed. Special attention was drawn to include patients with low educational levels. Results: Patients with middle or high educational levels show quite some interest in the use of a telemonitoring platform, especially for the transmission of glycaemic data or for asking questions. Patients with low educational levels only show a minor interest in using such a platform. Conclusions: It is possibly worthwhile to implement a telemonitoring platform in a primary care setting; however this study did not show immediate profit for implementation in a CHC that organises diabetes clinics on regular basis. In primary care settings where it will be implemented, even if there is a social-digital divide today, the use of a telemonitoring platform could possibly reduce inequity in health care as time could become available for those most in need for face-to-face contact with their physician.
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Sirtuins are the protein deacetylases, which are linked to metabolic diseases and aging. There are seven sirtuins present in cell, whose regulation in diabetic heart is yet to be explored. Resveratrol is a well-known activator of ...
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Sirtuins are the protein deacetylases, which are linked to metabolic diseases and aging. There are seven sirtuins present in cell, whose regulation in diabetic heart is yet to be explored. Resveratrol is a well-known activator of SIRT-1, but its effect on other sirtuins is not yet clear. In the present study, we focused to find out the expression and regulation of all sirtuins in diabetic heart with the effect of resveratrol administration on them. We have induced T1DM rat model using steptozotocin and T2DM rat model by feeding high fructose diet for a period of eight weeks and analyzed the myocardial changes. Resveratrol was administrated to both the models simultaneously. Increased oxidative stress and cardiac phenotype alterations shows the induction of cardiac abnormalities in both models. We have observed decreased SIRT-1 and increased SIRT-3 activity in the T2DM rat heart. Moreover, in case of T1DM, gene and protein expression of all sirtuins was down, except SIRT-2 whose protein levels were increased. Administration of resveratrol prevented the alteration in SIRT-1 in T2DM and SIRT-1, 2, 3 and SIRT-5 in T1DM rat heart. Altered level of protein acetylation was observed corresponding to the changes in sirtuins. In conclusion, sirtuins are perturbed in both types of diabetic heart and can be considered as druggable target for therapeutic intervention. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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? 2024 American Academy of OphthalmologyPurpose: To assess the correlation between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2...
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? 2024 American Academy of OphthalmologyPurpose: To assess the correlation between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design: A retrospective cohort study leveraging the global patient database of TriNetX Research Network. Participants: The study included 44 359 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with POAG and 4 393 300 patients with DM without any glaucoma ≥ 18 years of age. Propensity score matching harmonized the cohorts to 39 680 patients each, covering diagnoses from January 1, 2005, to January 1, 2023. Methods: We analyzed data using specific International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for DM and glaucoma. We matched the cohorts using propensity score matching, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, blood markers, relevant medical history, and ophthalmic service use. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the first-time occurrence of DR, including nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR), in patients with DM with and without glaucoma at 1-, 5-, and 10-year intervals from their individual index dates. Results: At 10 years, patients with T1DM with POAG exhibited a heightened risk for any DR (adjusted risk ratios [RRs], 4.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.05–5.57, P < 0.0001) and PDR (RR, 7.02; 95% CI, 3.62–13.61, P < 0.0001). Patients with T2DM and POAG also faced an increased 10-year risk for any DR (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 2.28–2.68, P < 0.0001) and PDR (RR, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.09–4.70, P < 0.0001). The combined association of POAG on DR risk in those with T1DM and T2DM at 10 years was found to be significantly higher among patients with POAG (5.45%) compared with those without glaucoma (2.12%) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.33; 95% CI, 2.14–2.53). The cumulative incidence of DR was significantly higher in the POAG group compared with nonglaucoma counterparts after a decade (log-rank P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings underscore a substantial association between POAG and DR development in both T1DM and T2DM patients, emphasizing the need for vigilant screening and comprehensive management in glaucomatous patients with DM to mitigate the risk of DR. Future research should delve into elucidating the causal mechanisms driving these observed associations. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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The antihyperglycemic actions of caffeamide derivatives, especially KS370G, in normal ICR, streptozotocin-induced diabetic (T1DM) and diet-induced diabetic (T2DM) mice were investigated in this study. Oral administration of the co...
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The antihyperglycemic actions of caffeamide derivatives, especially KS370G, in normal ICR, streptozotocin-induced diabetic (T1DM) and diet-induced diabetic (T2DM) mice were investigated in this study. Oral administration of the compound decreased the plasma glucose levels in both normal and diabetic mice, and appeared to be in a dose-dependent manner in normal arid diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. It was found that KS370G could stimulate the release of insulin in both normal and T2DM mice, and a dose of 1 mg per kg KS370G could significantly attenuate the increase of plasma glucose induced by an intraperitoneal glucose challenge test in normal and diabetic mice. Similar treatment with KS370G significantly increased glycogen content in both liver and skeletal muscle. Hence, the hypoglycemic effect of KS370G in normal and diabetic mice could be attributed to the stimulation of insulin release and the increase of glucose utilization.
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Abstract Objectives: Calcium deregulation in diabetes mellitus (DM) is central to the brain-heart axis pathology. This has led to the use of medical plants in complementary medicine such as Amaranthus hypochondriacus (GA). The obj...
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Abstract Objectives: Calcium deregulation in diabetes mellitus (DM) is central to the brain-heart axis pathology. This has led to the use of medical plants in complementary medicine such as Amaranthus hypochondriacus (GA). The objective of the study was to establish the effects of grain amaranth feed supplementation on calcium, s100al protein and antioxidant levels on the brain-heart axis in diabetic male Wistar rats. Methods: The study involved six groups (n=5) with DM being induced in 20 rats. To the diabetic rats, Group I received mixtard?, Group II was positive control, Groups III and IV received GA feed supplementation at 25 and 50%. In the nondiabetic rats (n=10), Group V received 50% grain amaranth while Group VI was the negative control. The brain and heart tissues were harvested after five weeks and processed using standard methods. Results: Grain amaranth feed supplementation led to improved calcium levels in DM as compared to the positive control. This also led to increased s100a1, antioxidant levels in the brain-heart axis during DM. This then protected the tissues against oxidative damage, thus preserving tissue function and structure. Conclusions: Grain amaranth’s actions on calcium signaling subsequently affected s100a1 protein levels, leading to improved tissue function in diabetes.
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Background and Objectives: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configurations on the palmar region of hand and fingers and plantar region of foot and toes. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorde...
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Background and Objectives: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configurations on the palmar region of hand and fingers and plantar region of foot and toes. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, action or both. Dermatoglyphic patterns are genetically determined and can be used as supportive for diagnosis of various hereditary disorders including T2DM. This study was carried out to compare palmar dermatoglyphic pattern in T2DM and control group and compare with previous studies. Method: A hospital based case control study was conducted 100 cases of T2DM are taken from Basaweshwar hospital Gulbarga, and another 100 persons are included as control group. The palms and fingers are smeared with ink to bring out the dermatoglyphiic patterns which were subsequently studied. Result: There was increased number of whorls and decreased number of ulnar loops in both T2DM patients compared with normal individuals. Total finger ridge count and Absolute finger ridge count is increased in both T2DM patients and there is also increased atd angle. Conclusion: The knowledge of dermatoglyphics in patients with T2DM and essential hypertension can be utilized to find out genetic correlation. The existence of such relation might be important for the screening programme for prevention of T2DM.
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