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We measured analytes in collapsed Boston Marathon runners to compare with changes in asymptomatic runners. Of collapsed runners at the 2007 marathon, 18.2% had a measurable cardiac troponin T (cTnT) value with a mean postrace leve...
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We measured analytes in collapsed Boston Marathon runners to compare with changes in asymptomatic runners. Of collapsed runners at the 2007 marathon, 18.2% had a measurable cardiac troponin T (cTnT) value with a mean postrace level of 0.017 ng/mL (0.017 mug/L; SD, 0.02 ng/mL [0.02 mug/L]). Three subjects had cTnT values above the cutoff (0.10 ng/mL [0.10 mug/L]) typically used for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The mean and median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were 73 ng/L (SD, 77.3 ng/L) and 54.3 ng/L (interquartile range, 22.8-87.3 ng/L), respectively, in collapsed runners. Only 4.9% had values more than the age-specific normal value (<125 ng/L for subjects younger than 75 years). In collapsed subjects at the 2006 marathon, 18.0% had an abnormal sodium value, including 18 cases of hypernatremia and 7 cases of hyponatremia. The ionized calcium level was low in 49% of subjects, and the ionized magnesium level was low in 19.5% and elevated in 1 subject. The blood lactate level was elevated in 95% of subjects.The frequency of elevated postrace cTnT levels in collapsed athletes after endurance exercise is similar to that in asymptomatic runners. Other metabolic abnormalities, including hypernatremia, hyponatremia, low ionized calcium and magnesium levels, and lactic acidosis may contribute to muscle fatigue and collapse.
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Development of communications systems reliably operating in an unfavorable electromagnetic environment is today a challenging problem because of a high density of interfering signals generated by numerous radioelectronic systems (...
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Development of communications systems reliably operating in an unfavorable electromagnetic environment is today a challenging problem because of a high density of interfering signals generated by numerous radioelectronic systems (especially in cities) and a large amount of electromagnetic noise of different natures. The search for new types of noise-immune signals is a key direction in designing communications system reliably operating in a noisy environment. Using a fractal wavelet signal as an example, we consider the theoretical and experimental data on synthesizing wide-band fractal signals on a 2-GHz sinusoidal carrier and discuss their basic properties. It is shown that such signals have self-similar fractal spectra and a high noise immunity and, therefore, can be applied in noise-immune communications.
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Purpose of the research is to study the influence of the traditional norms and customs on the formation of the Vietnamese law in the pre-colonial period, to show their influence on the legal consciousness of its residents during t...
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Purpose of the research is to study the influence of the traditional norms and customs on the formation of the Vietnamese law in the pre-colonial period, to show their influence on the legal consciousness of its residents during the French protectorate, to substantiate the fact that this influence prevented the French colonial administration from establishing its rules without regard for the local specifics. The basic approach to studying the law of Vietnam in the colonial period is the civilisational approach which is based on the idea of correlation of law and economy, with a predominant consideration of spiritual, moral and cultural factors of the social development. The general methodological basis is presented by the dialectical method which enabled the authors to study the object of research in development, to establish the relevant cause-and-effect relations. The result of the work is the conclusion that one of the main elements of the Vietnamese culture, that had a noticeable impact on legal regulations, is the cult of ancestors. Folk beliefs are an integral part of the national history, culture, law, worldview of the Vietnamese; they have much influenced the formation of civil legislation of the colonial and present-day Vietnam. The novelty of the work is determined by the fact that the influence of spiritual and cultural factors on the attempts to introduce the new laws on the territory of Tonquin (North Vietnam) is considered for the first time.
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In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of activation of NG2 expressing cells. Application of microglial inhibitors not only attenuated morphological changes but also significantly retarded increase in the number of NG...
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In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of activation of NG2 expressing cells. Application of microglial inhibitors not only attenuated morphological changes but also significantly retarded increase in the number of NG2 expressing cells. Intracerebral injection of TGF-beta 1 led to a profound activation of NG2 glia as well as an earlier accumulation of NG2(+)-microglia, whilst inhibition of TGF-beta 1 Smad2/3 signalling pathway eventually attenuated their active responses. We conclude that the activation of NG2 expressing cells is an event downstream to microglial reaction and TGF-beta 1 secreted from microglia might play an important role in modulation of the function of NG2 expressing cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Although multiple actionable genes have been identified in melanoma, 38–42% of patients are still not druggable based on current research. In our study, DNA-NGS and RNA-NGS were utilized to construct molecular profiles of a Chine...
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Although multiple actionable genes have been identified in melanoma, 38–42% of patients are still not druggable based on current research. In our study, DNA-NGS and RNA-NGS were utilized to construct molecular profiles of a Chinese cohort of 469 melanoma patients. Up to 11.7% (7/60) of patients in the undruggable group could be recognized as actionable by DNA and RNA sequential sequencing. Additionally, the use of RNA-NGS enhanced the proportion of druggable fusions from 2.56% to 17.27%. In total, the use of RNA-NGS increased the druggable proportion from 75% to 78%. Our study systemically analyzed the genetic landscape of Asian melanoma and demonstrated how DNA and RNA sequential sequencing is essential in bringing clinical benefits to more melanoma patients.
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Clinical genetics has an important role in the healthcare system to provide a definitive diagnosis for many rare syndromes. It also can have an influence over genetics prevention, disease prognosis and assisting the selection of t...
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Clinical genetics has an important role in the healthcare system to provide a definitive diagnosis for many rare syndromes. It also can have an influence over genetics prevention, disease prognosis and assisting the selection of the best options of care/treatment for patients. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed clinical genetics making possible to analyze hundreds of genes at an unprecedented speed and at a lower price when comparing to conventional Sanger sequencing. Despite the growing literature concerning NGS in a clinical setting, this review aims to fill the gap that exists among (bio)informaticians, molecular geneticists and clinicians, by presenting a general overview of the NGS technology and workflow. First, we will review the current NGS platforms, focusing on the two main platforms Illumina and Ion Torrent, and discussing the major strong points and weaknesses intrinsic to each platform. Next, the NGS analytical bioinformatic pipelines are dissected, giving some emphasis to the algorithms commonly used to generate process data and to analyze sequence variants. Finally, the main challenges around NGS bioinformatics are placed in perspective for future developments. Even with the huge achievements made in NGS technology and bioinformatics, further improvements in bioinformatic algorithms are still required to deal with complex and genetically heterogeneous disorders.
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In this research, a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism was coupled in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to study the detailed influence mechanism of natural gas (NG) energy fraction on the diesel pilot ignition (DPI) NG eng...
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In this research, a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism was coupled in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to study the detailed influence mechanism of natural gas (NG) energy fraction on the diesel pilot ignition (DPI) NG engines. Based on the CFD model calibrated by experimental data, the impacts of NG energy fraction on the combustion and emission generation processes in DPI NG engine were investigated. The results show that, the start of combustion (SOC) in DPI NG engine is advanced as the NG energy fraction declines and the maximum advance comes up to 4.1 degrees CA at 1000 rpm and 100% load. The deep analysis reveals that the positive influence of R342 on the temperature is the main reason for the shorter ignition delay. The 10-90% combustion duration increases first as the NG energy fraction changes from 50% to 60%, and then decreases if the NG energy fraction further increases. Furthermore, the combustion mode is changed from premixed combustion to non-premixed combustion with the NG energy fraction decreasing. For the emissions, the NOx emission drops with the decline of NG energy fraction, and the maximum decrease of NOx emission comes up to 0.96 mg/kJ at 1000 rpm and 100% load. The CO emission increases first and then decreases as the NG energy fraction rises from 50% to 90%.
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NG2 glial cells (as from now NG2 cells) are unique in receiving synaptic input from neurons. However, the components regulating formation and maintenance of these neuron-glia synapses remain elusive. The transmembrane protein NG2 ...
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NG2 glial cells (as from now NG2 cells) are unique in receiving synaptic input from neurons. However, the components regulating formation and maintenance of these neuron-glia synapses remain elusive. The transmembrane protein NG2 has been considered a potential mediator of synapse formation and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) clustering, because it contains 2 extracellular Laminin G/Neurexin/Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin domains, which in neurons are crucial for formation of transsynaptic neuroligin-neurexin complexes. NG2 is connected via Glutamate Receptor-Interacting Protein with GluA2/3-containing AMPARs, thereby possibly mediating receptor clustering in glial postsynaptic density. To elucidate the role of NG2 in neuron-glia communication, we investigated glutamatergic synaptic transmission in juvenile and aged hippocampal NG2 cells of heterozygous and homozygous NG2 knockout mice. Neuron-NG2 cell synapses readily formed in the absence of NG2. Short-term plasticity, synaptic connectivity, postsynaptic AMPAR current kinetics, and density were not affected by NG2 deletion. During development, an NG2-independent acceleration of AMPAR current kinetics and decreased synaptic connectivity were observed. Our results indicate that the lack of NG2 does not interfere with genesis and basic properties of neuron-glia synapses. In addition, we demonstrate frequent expression of neuroligins 1-3 in juvenile and aged NG2 cells, suggesting a role of these molecules in synapse formation between NG2 glia and neurons.
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