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Most mango cultivars are affected by the problem of alternate bearing, but some do not exhibit this behavior. There are tools to manage flowering in mango by pruning, nutritional management and the use of growth regulators, but th...
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Most mango cultivars are affected by the problem of alternate bearing, but some do not exhibit this behavior. There are tools to manage flowering in mango by pruning, nutritional management and the use of growth regulators, but there is very limited information on molecular (gene) control of flowering in mango. Paclobutrazol (PBZ), an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, is used to ensure profuse and early flowering in mango. However, information is still not available on how PBZ affects the important flowering inducing and flowering suppressing genes of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family. We studied expression of mango Flowering Locus T [MiFT) and Terminal Flower 1 (MiTFLl) genes in cultivars 'Alphonso' (alternate bearing) and 'Ratna' (regular bearing) with treatment of PBZ to ensure flowering in treated plants and gibberellic acid (GA) to ensure no flowering in treated plants. All the plants treated with PBZ flowered, while none of the plants treated with GA flowered. Expressionof both MiFTl and MiFT3 was much higher in PBZ-treated plants compared with GA-treated plants in both cultivars, consistent with a role in floral induction. Of the two TFL1 genes analyzed, MiTFLla appears to be associated with suppression of flowering.
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The incorporation of different types of buffer layers has demonstrated to improve the efficiency of Cu_2ZnSnS_4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells. The materials tested as buffer layers were Cadmium Sulphide (CdS), Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) a...
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The incorporation of different types of buffer layers has demonstrated to improve the efficiency of Cu_2ZnSnS_4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells. The materials tested as buffer layers were Cadmium Sulphide (CdS), Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) and Cadmium Zinc Sulphide (Cd_(7.23)Zn_(2.77)S_(10)). The effect of the buffer layer and the absorber layers on the structural, morphological and optical properties of the films was studied. As grown CZTS thin films made with SILAR method were annealed at 550 °C in the sulfur atmosphere for 60 min to improve the crystallinity of the material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman studies confirm the formation of kesterite structure in CZTS thin film. CdS, ZnS and Cd_(7.23)Zn_(2.77)S_(10) thin films also confirm crystalline nature with crystallite sizes being 9 nm, 13 nm and 14 nm respectively. Leaf, flower and petal−like morphologies of CdS, ZnS and Cd_(7.23)Zn_(2.77)S_(10) thin films respectively have been confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The electrical properties of the completed CZTS solar cells were also examined. From the obtained J-V characteristic curves upon illumination of the heterojunction solar cells, we calculated the power conversion efficiency to be 0.76%, 1.00% and 1.24% for the FTO/ZnO/ZnS/CZTS/Ag, FTO/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/Ag and FTO/ZnO/Cd_(7.23)Zn_(2.77)S_(10)/CZTS/Ag respectively.
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Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is an important electric power equipment in a substation, and its running state has a significant relationship with stability, security, and reliability of the whole electric power system. Detecting ...
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Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is an important electric power equipment in a substation, and its running state has a significant relationship with stability, security, and reliability of the whole electric power system. Detecting and analyzing the decomposition byproducts of sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF is an effective method for GIS state assessment and fault diagnosis. This paper proposes a novel gas sensor based on flower-like ZnO nanorods to detect typical SFdecompositions. Flower-like ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The gas sensor was fabricated with a planar-type structure and applied to detect SFdecomposition products. It shows excellent sensing properties to SO SOF and SOwith rapid response and recovery time and long-term stability and repeatability. Moreover, the sensor shows a remarkable discrimination among SO SOF and SOwith high linearity, which makes the prepared sensor a good candidate and a wide application prospect detecting SFdecomposition products in the future.
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A controllable flower-like Au nanostructure array for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was fabricated using the combined technique of the top-down approach of conventional photolithography and the bottom-up approach of ele...
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A controllable flower-like Au nanostructure array for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was fabricated using the combined technique of the top-down approach of conventional photolithography and the bottom-up approach of electrodeposition. Au nanostructures with a mean roughness ranging from 5.1 to 49.6 nm were obtained by adjusting e1ectrodeposition time from 2 to 60 min. The rougher Au nanostructure provides higher SERS enhancement, while the highest SERS intensity obtained with the Au nanostructure is 29 times stronger than the lowest intensity. The SERS spectra of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB), benzenethiol (BT), adenine and DNA were observed from the Au nanostructure.
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The hierarchical flower-like NiMoO4 was prepared by a simple chemical precipitation in the presence of hexamethylene tetraamine, and used for electrode materials of supercapacitors. The prepared NiMoO4 shows very good electrochemi...
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The hierarchical flower-like NiMoO4 was prepared by a simple chemical precipitation in the presence of hexamethylene tetraamine, and used for electrode materials of supercapacitors. The prepared NiMoO4 shows very good electrochemical properties, such as a high specific capacity of 145.8 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g and good capacity retention. The superior properties of NiMoO4 stem from the unique hierarchical flower-like structure, which can generate more interfacial contacting between electrolyte ions and active material.
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Industrial dyes contained a wide range of organic compounds that could affect the environment and high dimensional challenges to humans. In recent years, the environmentally safe and inexpensive quaternary copper-based chalcogenid...
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Industrial dyes contained a wide range of organic compounds that could affect the environment and high dimensional challenges to humans. In recent years, the environmentally safe and inexpensive quaternary copper-based chalcogenide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has emerged as a material for photovoltaics and photocatalysis. CZTS nanoparticles were prepared in this investigation using the hydrothermal route at 210 celcius for 24 h without the addition of a surfactant or capping agents. Rhodamine B (RhB), a carcinogenic dye, was degraded using the synthesized material through a photocatalytic process. The structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic characteristics of CZTS nanoparticles were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The average particle size of CZTS is found to be 31 nm with crystalline nature have been characterized by XRD. The results demonstrate that the synthesized sample has mixed morphological structures such as clew-like and flower-like structures and a bandgap of 1.50 eV. CZTS nanoparticles were used as photocatalysts under direct sunlight for Rhodamine B degradation, with the fastest degradation efficiency of 72% at 50 minutes. The results show that surfactant-free hydrothermally synthesized CZTS nanoparticles are a very promising material for the degradation of RhB dye due to the rapid degradation rate and high degradation efficiency.
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Dandelion-like and flower-like cupric oxide (CuO) nanostructures were prepared at low temperature using self-assembled synthesis through hydrothermal and solvothermal reactions. The only difference of these two methods is that wat...
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Dandelion-like and flower-like cupric oxide (CuO) nanostructures were prepared at low temperature using self-assembled synthesis through hydrothermal and solvothermal reactions. The only difference of these two methods is that water or ethanol was applied in the respective reaction as reaction solvent. To our best knowledge it is the first time these complex CuO nanostructures could be synthesized using an almost identical synthetic route with simply changing the reaction solvent. Compared with the other synthesis methods that have been reported in the literatures, this self-assembled synthesis provided easier route to form diverse complex CuO nanostructures. The obtained CuO nanostructures were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, X-ray Diffraction, and Raman spectra. Possible formation mechanisms of these CuO nanoscale structures are also discussed.
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Day length or photoperiod changes are crucial for plants to align the timing of the floral transition with seasonal changes. Through the photoperiod pathway, day length changes induce the expression of the florigenic FLOWERING LOC...
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Day length or photoperiod changes are crucial for plants to align the timing of the floral transition with seasonal changes. Through the photoperiod pathway, day length changes induce the expression of the florigenic FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) to promoteflowering. In the facultative long days (LDs) plant Arabidopsis thaliana, LD signals induce flowering, whereas short days (SDs) inhibit flowering. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis SIN3 LIKE (SNL) family genes, encoding a scaffold protein for assembly ofhistone deacetylase complexes, directly repress the expression of an FT activator and three FT repressors to regulate the transition to flowering in SDs and LDs, respectively. Under inductive LDs, SNLs including SIN3 LIKE 1 (SNL1) to SNL5, function in partial redundancy to repress the expression of three AP2 family transcription factors that repress FT expression, and therefore mediate LD induction of FT expression and promote the transition to flowering. In contrast, under non‐inductive SDs SNLs actto inhibit the floral transition, partly through direct repression of a MADS box transcriptional factor that promotes FT expression. Therefore, our results reveal that SNLs, through histone deacetylation, play a dual role for the control of flowering inthe LD plant Arabidopsis: inhibiting flowering when the day length is shorter and promoting the floral transition when days become longer than a threshold length.
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Abstract Finding the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and uncovering the genes controlling early flowering in pumpkin are the basic needs to select appropriate varieties for cultivation. Two QTLs related to first female flowering no...
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Abstract Finding the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and uncovering the genes controlling early flowering in pumpkin are the basic needs to select appropriate varieties for cultivation. Two QTLs related to first female flowering node (FFFN) and four QTLs related to first male flowering node (FMFN) were detected based on high‐density genetic map of pumpkin. Based on annotation information, two candidate genes, flowering locus T‐like protein (FLT) associated with FFFN on chr10 and flowering locus T‐like 2 (FLT2) associated with FMFN on chr11, were identified which were the homologues of flowering time switching gene, flowering Locus T (FT), in different crops. Seven different insertion–deletions (InDels) in promoter regions of FLT and FLT2 were identified by the analysis of wholegenome resequencing data of parental lines. Our results suggested that FLT and FLT2 are candidate genes for controlling FFFN and FMFN traits in pumpkin, respectively. Two insertion–deletion molecular markers were developed to distinguish the lower flowering node F2 individuals. This research will provide the theoretical and practical basis for the selection and cultivation of early flowering pumpkin varieties.
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In this study, ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies were produced by varying anodizing parameters (time and voltage), and the photocatalytic activities of these structures were examined. ZnO nanostructures were fabricate...
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In this study, ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies were produced by varying anodizing parameters (time and voltage), and the photocatalytic activities of these structures were examined. ZnO nanostructures were fabricated through different voltage and duration consisting of nine samples with KHCO3 solution as an electrolyte. The produced ZnO nanostructures were investigated by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the morphology of ZnO was formed as nanosponge, nanoflower, nanowire, heterogeneous structures. ZnO nanostructures were identified by matching XRD peaks due to the ICDD database. Experiments on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue demonstrated the photocatalytic activity of ZnO samples. The best photocatalytic performance of the samples was observed by S1 sample, which was anodized for 30?min in 0.05?M of KHCO3 electrolyte at 20?V, after 420?min exposure of the UV–vis light source with the degradation rate of 87.3%. Such ZnO nanostructures exhibit unique properties and have high potential for wastewater treatment.
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