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A key is presented for the known pupae of the mosquito species in Florida. This will complement the recent keys to adult females and fourth-instar larvae by Darsie and Morris. The pupal stage for all 78 species in Florida are know...
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A key is presented for the known pupae of the mosquito species in Florida. This will complement the recent keys to adult females and fourth-instar larvae by Darsie and Morris. The pupal stage for all 78 species in Florida are known, except Ochlerotatus condolescens (Dyar and Knab). The sources for pupal descriptions are included.
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ImportanceWest Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease.ObjectiveTo develop real-time WNV forecasts of infected mosquitoes and human cases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsReal-time forecast...
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ImportanceWest Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease.ObjectiveTo develop real-time WNV forecasts of infected mosquitoes and human cases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsReal-time forecasts of WNV in 4 geographically dispersed locations in the United States were generated using a WNV model-inference forecasting system previously validated with retrospective data. Analysis was performed to evaluate how observational reporting delays of mosquito WNV assay results and human medical records were associated with real-time forecast accuracy.ExposuresMosquitoes positive for WNV and human cases.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDelays in reporting mosquito WNV assay results and human medical records and the association of these delays with real-time WNV forecast accuracy.ResultsSubstantial delays in data reporting exist for both infected mosquitoes and human WNV cases. For human cases, confirmed data (n?=?37) lagged behind the onset of illness by a mean (SD) of 5.5 (2.3) weeks (range, 2-14 weeks). These human case reporting lags reduced mean forecast accuracy for the total number of human cases over the season in 110 simulated outbreaks for 2 forecasting systems by 26% and 14%, from 2 weeks before to 3 weeks after the predicted peak of infected mosquitoes. This period is the time span during which 47% of human cases are reported. Of 7064 mosquito pools, 500 (7%) tested positive; the reporting lag for these data associated with viral testing at a state laboratory was a mean (SD) of 6.6 (2.6) days (range, 4-11 days). This reporting lag was associated with decreased mean forecast accuracy for the 3 mosquito infection indicators, timing, magnitude, and season, by approximately 5% for both forecasting systems.Conclusions and RelevanceDelays in reporting human WNV disease and infected mosquito information are associated with difficulties in outbreak surveillance and decreased real-time forecast accuracy. Infected mosquito lags were short enough that skillful forecasts could still be generated for mosquito infection indicators, but the human WNV case lags were too great to support accurate forecasting in real time. Forecasting WNV is potentially an important evidence-based decision support tool for public health officials and mosquito abatement districts; however, to operationalize real-time forecasting, more resources are needed to reduce human case reporting lags between illness onset and case confirmation.
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1. Although theory predicts a positive relationship between oviposition preferences and the developmental performance of offspring, the strength of this relationship may depend not only on breeding site quality, but also on the co...
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1. Although theory predicts a positive relationship between oviposition preferences and the developmental performance of offspring, the strength of this relationship may depend not only on breeding site quality, but also on the complex interactions between environmental heterogeneity and density-dependent processes. Environmental heterogeneity may not only alter the strength of density dependence, but may also fundamentally alter density-dependent relationships and the preference-performance relationship. 2. Here I present results from a series of field experiments testing the effects of environmental heterogeneity and density-dependent feedback on offspring performance in tree-hole mosquitoes. Specifically, I asked: (i) how do oviposition activity, patterns of colonization and larval density differ among habitats and among oviposition sites with different resources; and (ii) how is performance influenced by the density of conspecifics, the type of resource in the oviposition site, and the type of habitat in which the oviposition site is located? 3. Performance did not differ among habitats at low offspring densities, but was higher in deciduous forest habitats than in evergreen forest habitats at high densities. Oviposition activity and larval densities were also higher in deciduous forests, suggesting a weak preference for these habitats. 4. The observed divergence of fitness among habitats with increasing density may select for consistent but weak preferences for deciduous habitats if regional abundances vary temporally. This would generate a negative preference-performance relationship when population densities are low, but a positive relationship when population densities are high. 5. This study demonstrates that failure to recognize that fitness differences among habitats may themselves be density-dependent may bias our assumptions about the ecological and evolutionary processes determining oviposition preferences in natural systems.
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Mosquitoes of 26 species belonging to 16 subgenera and 11 genera were recorded in the Kundapur mangroves of Karnataka, and 17 species belonging to 11 subgenera and 7 genera were recorded in the mangroves of Kannur, Kerala along th...
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Mosquitoes of 26 species belonging to 16 subgenera and 11 genera were recorded in the Kundapur mangroves of Karnataka, and 17 species belonging to 11 subgenera and 7 genera were recorded in the mangroves of Kannur, Kerala along the west coast of India. Genera recorded were Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Culex, Heizmannia, Lutzia, Mansonia, Ochlerotatus, Tripteroides, Uranotaenia, and Verrallina. Species common to both mangrove forests were Ae. albopictus, Ae. vittatus, An. jamesi, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. infantulus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. sitiens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Oc. wardi, Ur. atra, and Ve. luguhris. Tree holes and swamp pools were the common larval habitats, with more species occurring in tree holes in Kundapur than in Kannur. Adults of Ae. albopictus, Ae. vittatus, Ar. aureolineatus, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. sitiens, Ma. uniformis, and Ve. lugubris bloodfed on humans.
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A distribuicao de Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say (1823) ao longo das margens do rio Pinheiros e os principais fatores que levam à proliferacao da espécie foram estudados efetuando-se coletas semanais de mosquitos adultos, no...
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A distribuicao de Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say (1823) ao longo das margens do rio Pinheiros e os principais fatores que levam à proliferacao da espécie foram estudados efetuando-se coletas semanais de mosquitos adultos, no período de um ano,em três pontos equidistantes às margens do rio. Para as coletas de mosquitos utilizou-se aspirador à bateria, por um período de cinco minutos. Os mosquitos foram identificados, diferenciados segundo o sexo e contados. Para verificacao do estado fisiológico, as fêmeas foram separadas em vazias, com sangue e com ovos. Foram coletados 35.684 mosquitos, todos identificados como Cx. quinquefasciatus, sendo 39,4% fêmeas e 60,6% machos. As frequências tomaram proporcoes diferentes entre os pontos de coletas e, em uma série temporal. O ambiente impactado do rio Pinheiros representa um excelente criadouro de Cx. quinquefasciatus, confirmado pela ocorrência de picos acentuados na frequência de mosquitos, com desenvolvimento de forma explosiva e sobreposicoes entre as geracoes, após as chuvas e em épocas de verao.
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Data from mosquito collections made in Belize, Central America, between September 1990 and April 1993 are presented. A total of 537 collections yielding 15,139 specimens are summarized. One genus, 4 subgenera, and 31 species are r...
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Data from mosquito collections made in Belize, Central America, between September 1990 and April 1993 are presented. A total of 537 collections yielding 15,139 specimens are summarized. One genus, 4 subgenera, and 31 species are recorded from Belize for the 1st time. A checklist of the 111 mosquito species now known to occur in Belize is presented.
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Genus Finlaya Theobald is characterized based on the morphology of females, female genitalia, males, male genitalia, pupae, and 4th-stage larvae. Distinctive characters of the genus are discussed and included species are listed. F...
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Genus Finlaya Theobald is characterized based on the morphology of females, female genitalia, males, male genitalia, pupae, and 4th-stage larvae. Distinctive characters of the genus are discussed and included species are listed. Finlaya kochi, the type species, is described in detail and a syntype female is selected as neotype. An extensive list of previous literature pertaining to the genus is provided.
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Pardomyia is validated as a subgenus of Mucidus and primary characters are given to separate it from the nominotypical subgenus. All life stages of the subgenus are described. The subgenus occurs in the Oriental and Australasian R...
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Pardomyia is validated as a subgenus of Mucidus and primary characters are given to separate it from the nominotypical subgenus. All life stages of the subgenus are described. The subgenus occurs in the Oriental and Australasian Regions and includes Mu. aurantius aurantius, Mu. aurantius chrysogaster, Mu. painei, and Mu. quadripunctis. A "previous usage" section is provided for tracking the published generic-level history of the 14 species, one with subspecies, currently included in Mucidus.
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Prosopolepis Lutz is validated as a monotypic subgenus of Wyeomyia Theobald and the type species, Weomyia confusa (Lutz), is redescribed. The description includes illustrations of the male and female genitalia, the 4th-stage larva...
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Prosopolepis Lutz is validated as a monotypic subgenus of Wyeomyia Theobald and the type species, Weomyia confusa (Lutz), is redescribed. The description includes illustrations of the male and female genitalia, the 4th-stage larva, and the pupa. Prosopolepis flui Bonne-Wepster and Bonne is resurrected from synonymy with Wy. confusa and recognized as the senior synonym of Wyeomyia kerri del Ponte and Cerqueira. Wyeomyia flui does not belong in the subgenus Prosopolepis and remains in the genus Wyeomyia without subgeneric placement. Trichoprosopon pusillum Lutz and Nunez-Tovar is not synonymous with Wy. confusa and is provisionally regarded as a nomen dubium within Wyeomyia. The identity of Wy. confusa is fixed by neotype selection.
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Three CYP6Z genes are linked to a major pyrethroid resistance locus in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. We have expressed CYP6Z2 in Escherichia coli and produced a structural model in order to examine its role in detoxification. E....
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Three CYP6Z genes are linked to a major pyrethroid resistance locus in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. We have expressed CYP6Z2 in Escherichia coli and produced a structural model in order to examine its role in detoxification. E. coli membranes co-expressing CYP6Z2 and An. gambiae P450 reductase (AgCPR) catalysed the dealkylation of benzyloxyresorufin with kinetic parameters Km = 0.13 oM; Kcat = 1.5 minp#. The IC values of a wide range of compounds were measured. Pyrethroids cypermethrin and permethrin produced low IC values, but were not metabolized. Plant flavanoids were the most potent inhibitors. Several compounds were shown to be substrates, suggesting that CYP6Z2 has broad substrate specificity and plays an important chemo-protective role during the herbivorous phase of the life-cycle.
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