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Background This study used cross-sectional data to test the independent relationship of proximity to chain fast-food outlets and proximity to full-service supermarkets on the frequency of mealtime dining at fast-food outlets in tw...
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Background This study used cross-sectional data to test the independent relationship of proximity to chain fast-food outlets and proximity to full-service supermarkets on the frequency of mealtime dining at fast-food outlets in two major urban areas, using three approaches to define access. Interactions between presence of a supermarket and presence of fast-food outlets as predictors of fast-food dining were also tested.
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In this study we use detailed daily scanner data on household food purchases to examine monthly food expenditure patterns across food retail channels. We compare food expenditure patterns in high and low-income households comparin...
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In this study we use detailed daily scanner data on household food purchases to examine monthly food expenditure patterns across food retail channels. We compare food expenditure patterns in high and low-income households comparing those where Supplementary Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) is received in the first 10 days of the month versus households which receive SNAP over the first 15 days of the month. We find that food expenditure patterns vary systematically across the month within different retail channels by income and SNAP payment schedules. Low-income households in early SNAP distribution areas decrease their grocery and mass/club/superstore expenditures at the end of the calendar month and supplement this decrease with increased food expenditures in convenience stores and food away from home. Households in staggered SNAP payment areas show far fewer systematic patterns given the more distributed payment system.
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We study the state of food retail system serving an ethnic minority community. This group, Israeli Arabs, enjoys a relatively high standard of living but continues to make many food purchases in a variety of small, specialized ret...
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We study the state of food retail system serving an ethnic minority community. This group, Israeli Arabs, enjoys a relatively high standard of living but continues to make many food purchases in a variety of small, specialized retail food formats. In contrast, the surrounding Jewish population is mostly shopping in supermarkets. Data from a survey of consumer shopping behavior across formats of different product lines are used to identify the barriers to the advancement of the supermarket format in this minority sector. Our study shows that socioeconomic factors, found in earlier supermarket diffusion studies to be the main barrier, have no impact in this case. We identify the tendency to purchase perishable food items in traditional outlets and the geographical diffusion barrier (distance of supermarket formats) to be the main limitation on supermarkets' market share growth. Further, we find that both these factors are influenced by underlying cultural and ethnic factors characterizing the study population.
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Targeted coupons strongly influence purchasing behavior and may represent an innovative approach for improving dietary behaviors. The retail analytics firm, Dunnhumby, provided secondary retail data containing grocery transactions...
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Targeted coupons strongly influence purchasing behavior and may represent an innovative approach for improving dietary behaviors. The retail analytics firm, Dunnhumby, provided secondary retail data containing grocery transactions, targeted coupon exposures, and coupon use for 2500 households over 2-years. The USDA Quarterly At-Home Food Purchasing Database was used to categorize individual foods into 52 categories and combined into 12 food groups. Mixed effects linear models estimated the difference-in-difference effects of coupon exposure on category-level purchase rate/wk. pre- and post-campaign; models also tested effect modification by food category. Category-level food purchases significantly increased post-campaign. Mean (SD) food purchases/wk. Among exposed households (17.34 (13.08) units/wk) vs. unexposed households (3.75 (4.59) units/wk) were higher (p?<?0.001). Difference-in-difference effects of coupon exposure showed a higher increase in purchase rate among exposed vs. unexposed households (5.73 vs. 0.67, p?<?0.001). Food category significantly modified the association between coupon exposure and coupon campaign. Category-level purchase rate among exposed vs. unexposed households was relatively higher in less healthful (e.g. convenience foods) vs. more healthful categories (e.g. nuts) with a 1.17 unit/wk. increase in convenience foods purchase (p?<?0.001) vs. a 0.03 unit/wk. increase in nuts (p?<?0.001). Exploratory analyses suggested that price elasticity of food categories for targeted coupons (1.02–2.81) was higher than previous estimates for untargeted coupons. Across food categories, coupon exposure increased category-level purchase rate, with a relatively larger effect size for less healthful than more healthful categories. Promising results from this preliminary study suggest that experimental research is warranted to determine whether targeting with the explicit purpose of improving dietary quality can more effectively influence diet, and whether it can do so more cost effectively.
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Biological methods such as the use of competitive and beneficial microorganisms that hinder microbial survival have been gaining prominence in the poultry industry, with a view to reducing contamination by pathogens of importance ...
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Biological methods such as the use of competitive and beneficial microorganisms that hinder microbial survival have been gaining prominence in the poultry industry, with a view to reducing contamination by pathogens of importance in the sector, such as Salmonella sp. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the biological modulator BAC TRAT 2A (R) on the reduction of Salmonella sp. in the poultry beddingand in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers under real housing conditions subject to natural infection by the pathogen, as well as to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic profile of the isolates obtained. The experiment was carried out between March 2018 and August 2019, in the state of Paran ' a. The study consisted of two sheds, the bed used in shed 1 being the negative control (C) and the bed in shed 2 being the treatment (T), being treated with the biological modulator BAC TRAT 2A (R). The performance of BAC TRAT 2A (R) was positive for reducing the health challenge involving the presence of Salmonella sp. during poultry farming. Both in the environment and in the birds 'cecum there was a decrease in the pathogen load, mainly in the final stages of the breeding cycle, possibly caused by the competitive exclusion in the aviary litter and biological modulation of the birds' microbiota in contact with the product.
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Purpose The study aims to identify different consumer groups to better understand changes in urban Fijian food shopping behaviour and the implications for the local food industry. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a Lat...
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Purpose The study aims to identify different consumer groups to better understand changes in urban Fijian food shopping behaviour and the implications for the local food industry. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a Latent class (LC) cluster analysis of survey data from 1,000 urban Fijian households to identify unique consumer segments based on household food shopping behaviour. Findings Five distinct urban household clusters were identified based on food shopping behaviour. The cluster with the highest income level spent significantly lower amounts on fresh fruit and vegetables (FFV) at the main traditional market, preferring to buy their FFV from modern supermarket outlets. Considering the vast majority of local smallholder farmers rely on traditional market channels to sell their produce, the growth and dominance of Fijian supermarkets are of some concern. Research limitations/implications Future research should consider repeating these types of detailed consumer surveys to better understand the implications of changes in shopping behaviour over time, and the role that key stakeholders can play in ensuring smallholder farmers is not excluded from the market. Social implications Smallholder-driven agriculture accounts for a significant share of Fiji's gross domestic product (GDP), so understanding how the retail food industry is transforming and how this is affecting smallholder farmers is critical to Fiji's social structure. Originality/value Research on food retailing and the role of the consumer is rare in small island developing states (SIDS), such as Fiji. Fiji has a somewhat unique set of circumstances. In the absence of significant foreign investment in food retailing, key factors such as urbanisation and rising urban income mean consumer preferences are important drivers of changes in shopping behaviour. The study provides insights into Fiji's changing food industry with implications for other SIDS, while contributing to the global literature in this field.
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The rise of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli has become a major global public health concern. While there is extensive research on antibiotic-resistant E. coli from human and animal sources, studies on vegetables and thei...
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The rise of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli has become a major global public health concern. While there is extensive research on antibiotic-resistant E. coli from human and animal sources, studies on vegetables and their environments are limited. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIPR) E. coli in 13 types of edible raw vegetables, along with their irrigation water and soil in Shaanxi, China. Of 349 samples collected (157 vegetables, 59 water, and 133 soil), a total of 48 positive samples were detected, with one CIPR E. coli strain isolated from each sample being selected for further analyses. A striking observation was its high prevalence in irrigation water at 44.1 %, markedly exceeding that in vegetables (12.0 %) and soil (4.5 %). The susceptibility of Forty-eight CIPR E. coli isolates was evaluated using the disc diffusion method for 18 different antibiotics, all these isolates were not only resistant to the tested fluoroquinolones antibiotics (levofloxacin, nalidixic acid), but also displayed a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern. Twenty-eight (58.3 %) of 48 CIPR E. coli isolates exhibited extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) (CIPR-ESBLs) producing phenotype. Subsequently, whole-genome sequencing was performed on these 28 isolates. We identified 12 serotypes and STs each, with O101: H9 (35.7 %, 10/28) and ST10 (21.4 %, 6/28) being the most common. Further classification placed these isolates into five phylogenetic groups: A (57.1 %, 16/28), B1 (32.1 %, 9/28), D (3.6 %, 1/28), B2 (3.6 %,1/28), and F (3.6 %,1/28). Notelly, Identical ST types, serotypes and phylogroups were found in certain CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli from both vegetables and adjacent irrigation water. Genomic analysis of the 28 CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates unveiled 73 resistance genes, associated with 13 amino acid mutations in resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and resistance to 12 types of antibiotics. Each isolate was confirmed to carry both ESBLs and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, with the Ser83Ala mutation in GyrA (96.4 %, 27/28) being the most prevalent. A detailed analysis of Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) revealed that IncFIB and IncFII plasmid subtypes were most prevalent in 60.7 % and 67.9 % of isolates, respectively, with 75 % containing over 10 insertion sequences (IS) each. Furthermore, we observed that certain ESBL and PMQR genes were located on plasmids or in proximity to insertion sequences. In conclusion, our research highlights the widespread presence of CIPR E. coli in irrigation water and thoroughly examines the genetic characteristics of CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli strains, underlining the need for ongoing monitoring and management to reduce multidrug-resistant bacteria in vegetables and their environment.
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Aims: To determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovars in chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Spain and to examine genotypic relations among these serovars. Methods and Results: A total of 336 chicken carcasses were...
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Aims: To determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovars in chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Spain and to examine genotypic relations among these serovars. Methods and Results: A total of 336 chicken carcasses were collected from six slaughterhouses in Northwestern Spain. Salmonellae were isolated ( ISO- 6579- 1993), serotyped, phage- typed, ribotyped and antibiotyped against 20 antibiotics. Salmonella strains were detected in 60 ( 17 center dot 9%) carcasses. Isolates belonged to nine different serotypes, with Salm. Enteritidis being the most common. Three strains ( 5%) were resistant to one antibiotic and 24 ( 40%) were multi- resistant ( to more than one antibiotic). The most frequently encountered resistances were to sulphamides, fluoroquinolones and tetracycline. Ribotyping was able to differentiate isolates of the same serotype and phage type. Conclusions: The Salmonella serotypes and phage types detected are among those most frequently associated with human diseases in Spain. The large percentage of antimicrobial resistant strains is a matter for concern. A high genetic relationship between strains from different slaughterhouses was found. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides detailed information about Salmonella isolates from poultry in Spain. It emphasizes the importance of controlling this pathogen in poultry products, and suggests the need for more prudent use of antibiotics.
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