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Purpose The authors assessed the certification of street food retailers in Ghana in terms of awareness, training, willingness to be certified, determinants, agreement with certification requirements and impacts on performance.Desi...
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Purpose The authors assessed the certification of street food retailers in Ghana in terms of awareness, training, willingness to be certified, determinants, agreement with certification requirements and impacts on performance.Design/methodology/approach Primary data was sourced from 200 street food retailers. Descriptive statistics, Likert scale, mean comparison test, heteroskedastic probit, inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA), inverse probability weights (IPW) and augmented inverse-probability weighting (AIPW) were applied.Findings Most uncertified retailers were willing to be certified. Awareness about certification was high. Most of the certified retailers had been trained on certification, while most uncertified retailers had not been trained. Being a female, being educated, being a migrant vendor, possessing experience in retailing, training in certification, trust in the local certification process, the amount spent in preparing food and the number of customers are crucial variables that increase the probability of being certified among street food vendors. Street food retailers agreed to all the requirements for certification. Certification boosts the performance of street food retailers in terms of the number of customers and contracts received. Training on certification is recommended for street food retailers.Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is mainly due to the type of food retailers selected. Street food vending in Ghana is done among those who cook food for selling, those who sell processed products such as drinks and those who sell vegetables and other uncooked agriproducts. Meanwhile, the authors selected unorganised retailers who primarily cook local and regional dishes for sale in this study. Thus, the study did not include organised food retailers such as restaurants. Therefore, generalising the study results for street food vendors should be made with caution.Originality/value Several studies have been conducted on street food retailing across the globe on knowledge of food-safety practices, risk practices, bacterial contamination of street retailing food, toxicological hazards of street foods and compliance with technical and hygienic requirements by street food retailers, among others. However, empirical studies on the certification/licensing of street food retailers and its impact have been given little attention. As a result, this study investigates the certification of street food retailers and its impacts on retailers' performance in Ghana.
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The political, economic and social changes over the past decade in Hungary have led to trading companies developing a new combination of marketing strategies, a new marketing-oriented approach adapted to consumer demand in order t...
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The political, economic and social changes over the past decade in Hungary have led to trading companies developing a new combination of marketing strategies, a new marketing-oriented approach adapted to consumer demand in order to maintain and improve their competitive position on the Hungarian market. The conditions for adapting the environment-oriented conception is based on a knowledge of the marketing environment, an analysis of the effect mechanism and a conscious use of marketing implements.In food trade there has been a marked change in the sales system and in the trading activity of companies. The multinational chain stores (multiple retail outlets) which have achieved a significant position in the Hungarian (domestic) market have also adapted the models and forms of their own commercial systems.
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We examine a food retailer's incentive to use a minimum quality standard as part of a quality-based price-discrimination strategy and show how price discrimination can result in a substantial level of retail food waste. Using data...
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We examine a food retailer's incentive to use a minimum quality standard as part of a quality-based price-discrimination strategy and show how price discrimination can result in a substantial level of retail food waste. Using data from a major US food retailer, we estimate a structural model of retail price discrimination and conduct a series of counter-factual experiments to demonstrate that observed retail prices are consistent with quality-based price discrimination in the retail market. Our findings indicate that quality standards on fresh produce can explain a substantial proportion (7.5%) of food waste by retailers in the US.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess dimensions of the food choice process among older consumers. Based on Gains' model (1994), the study focuses on the dimensions: consumer, food and context, and investigates these cons...
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess dimensions of the food choice process among older consumers. Based on Gains' model (1994), the study focuses on the dimensions: consumer, food and context, and investigates these consumers' heterogeneities through the identification of possible market segments.
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the patterns and dynamics of the diffusion of modern food retail in India. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on detailed sales data from retail chains in India, shor...
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the patterns and dynamics of the diffusion of modern food retail in India. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on detailed sales data from retail chains in India, short case studies of retail chains, and review of literature. Findings - The article presents three surprises concerning modern food retail diffusion in India. First, modern retail has developed in three "waves", with the first wave, government retail chains, starting in the 1960s/1970s, cooperative retail chains starting in the 1970s/1980s, and private retail chains in the 1990s/2000s. All three were substantial, and internationally uniquely, all three coexist in the 2000s as segments of modern retail. Second, the rise of modern private retail in India in the past six years has been among the fastest in the world, growing at 49 percent a year on average over that period, and bouncing back to growth after a dip from the recent recession. The great majority of modern private retail has arisen in 2007-2010. Third, beside the uniqueness of the coexistence of three types of retail noted above, Indian private retail chain development has unique or rare characteristics: driven by domestic capital investment, "early" (in terms of usual international patterns) diversification into small formats, "early" penetration of small cities and even rural towns, of the food markets of the poor and lower-middle class, and of fresh produce retail. These unique factors have helped to propel itquickly. Originality/value - For the first time in the literature, the paper presents an analysis of: the three waves in Indian retail; detailed sales data for all leading chains; and its uniqueness.
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The organization of the Baton Rouge, Louisiana, retail food industry was analyzed to determine whether spatial competition influenced the cost and availability of food items. Using a spatial competition gravity variable, the costs...
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The organization of the Baton Rouge, Louisiana, retail food industry was analyzed to determine whether spatial competition influenced the cost and availability of food items. Using a spatial competition gravity variable, the costs of two separate market baskets were analyzed in January 2009, and the factors influencing spatial competition were determined. Store type (chain or supercenter) was found to be the most significant determinant of food costs, validating findings of past studies. Although food was not found to be more expensive in low-income areas, results suggest that residents in low-income and rural areas have disincentives to purchase affordable, available healthy food due to the spatial organization of their local food market.
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In the last two decades the Italian food retail industry has changed considerably also thanks to the liberalization process started with the 1998 retail regulation reform. In this study, we investigate the impact of such reform on...
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In the last two decades the Italian food retail industry has changed considerably also thanks to the liberalization process started with the 1998 retail regulation reform. In this study, we investigate the impact of such reform on the food and beverage consumer price index, controlling for the endogenous nature of the policy adoption across regions, and addressing what changes in food retail structure may have driven those effects. We find that the policy had a mitigating effect on food prices, whichcan be explained by the change in the number and composition of food stores operating in the Italian market, rather than by the changes in store size and in-store services. We find the policy effects not to be statistically different across regions characterized by different levels of liberalization.
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Direct sales of local foods, for instance through farmer's markets, have reached a plateau, while intermediated sales (through more traditional retailers) are still rising rapidly. We provide an explanation for the growth of inter...
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Direct sales of local foods, for instance through farmer's markets, have reached a plateau, while intermediated sales (through more traditional retailers) are still rising rapidly. We provide an explanation for the growth of intermediated local foods based on the observation that consumers prefer to buy local foods as part of a shopping basket that includes both local and non-local items. We test our hypothesis using data from a natural experiment conducted by Relay Foods, an online retailer based in the U.S. state of Virginia, and a multi-variate logit model of shopping-basket demand. We find significant complementarities among items in a sample shopping basket that are not reflected in estimates from a discrete-choice model of category demand. Estimates of a structural pricing-and-local-content model reveal important incentives for retailers to offer local foods as part of a broader selection of grocery items.
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Retail stores are a promising setting for improving access to nutritious food. This study opportunistically evaluated an initiative that supported stores in small rural Victorian towns to sell fresh fruit and vegetables. It aimed ...
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Retail stores are a promising setting for improving access to nutritious food. This study opportunistically evaluated an initiative that supported stores in small rural Victorian towns to sell fresh fruit and vegetables. It aimed to measure whether the initiative showed a trend towards improved access to fruit and vegetables in these rural communities. A mixed-methods, pre-post evaluation was employed to measure the range and price of 39 fruits and 45 vegetables, together with 15 interviews with stakeholders 2.5 years after the commencement of the initiative. Twenty-one of 35 eligible stores took up the initiative. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data showed that the initiative improved the availability of and access to fruit and vegetables, and that stores have a role in improving access to fruit and vegetables. The overall range of fruit and vegetables increased over 18 months from a median of 10 varieties (n = 10) to 17 varieties (n = 15) (P = 0.028) and the prices decreased over 12 months in five out of seven stores where data was available. The capacity to influence availability of fruit and vegetables was affected by time, human resources and community support. Sustaining change to fruit and vegetables access is challenging. Using stores for health promotion may be an effective strategy for improving rural populations' fruit and vegetable intake.
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