摘要 : Human trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma spp.) and visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.) are reviewed as emerging opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised patients. Trypanosomatidae vary greatly in their importance as potential op... 展开 Human trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma spp.) and visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.) are reviewed as emerging opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised patients. Trypanosomatidae vary greatly in their importance as potential opportunistic pathogens. African trypanosomiasis (caused by T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense) is no more common nor severe during AIDS, whereas the situation with Chagas' disease (caused by T. cruzi) is very different. HIV infection can cause a reactivation of T. cruzi infection, which can lead to severe meningoencephalitis. Leishmaniasis is often exacerbated in AIDS patients, particularly L. infantum. 1616 cases of visceral leishmaniasis/HIV co-infection have been reported since 1990, mainly from southern Europe and particularly from Spain, southern France and Italy. Patients are primarily young adults and intravenous drug users. Examination of 272 isolates identified 18 different L. infantum zymodemes, of which 10 are new and found only during HIV co-infection. Since 1995, some monoxenous trypanosomatids of insects (Leptomonas and/or Herpetomonas) have been found in AIDS patients, causing both diffuse cutaneous lesions and visceral infections. 收起