摘要 : This paper reviews the impact on dairy markets of two types of trade mechanisms in OECD countries: those that are subject to the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) limitations (import tariffs and export subsidies) and s... 展开 This paper reviews the impact on dairy markets of two types of trade mechanisms in OECD countries: those that are subject to the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) limitations (import tariffs and export subsidies) and some alternatives for which a World Trade Organization (WTO) discipline has still to be agreed (export credits and price pooling). It is concluded that the continuation of prevailing domestic support policies with their corresponding trade policies will continue to depressworld market prices and hamper efficiency, unless future negotiations result in broad and clear definitions of trade-distorting policies and place these under tighter limitations. Countries will not need to undertake dairy policy reform to align domesticpolicies to trade policy commitments unless there is an extension of the URAA to being more inclusive and more binding across the full array of trade policy mechanisms, including the given examples of export credits, price pooling and the details of tariff rate quota implementation. 收起