摘要 : Fruit flies (Tephritidae) and lance flies (Lonchaeidae) (Diptera) include pests of highest economic importance to horticulture around the world, because various species damage high value fruit crops. These Tephritoidea are the rea... 展开 Fruit flies (Tephritidae) and lance flies (Lonchaeidae) (Diptera) include pests of highest economic importance to horticulture around the world, because various species damage high value fruit crops. These Tephritoidea are the reason for quarantine barriers among many countries, limiting the commerce of fresh fruits and vegetables. Knowledge of frugivorous tephritoid species richness and their interactions with the host plants are extremely important to Integrated Pest Management. This paper presents the interactions of 15 species of <i>Anastrepha</i> Schiner, <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> (Wiedemann) (Tephritidae), and eight species of <i>Neosilba</i> McAlpine (Lonchaeidae) with 40 host fruit species. We discovered that <i>Pouteria glomerata</i> (Miquel) Radlkofer (Sapotaceae) is the host fruit of <i>Anastrepha undosa</i> Stone. <i>A. zernyi</i> Lima was associated with fruit of <i>Anacardium othonianum</i> Rizzini (Anacardiaceae). This is the first record of <i>A. zernyi</i> from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, and of <i>A. hastata</i> Stone from Central Brazil. <i>A. sorocula</i> Zucchi and <i>A. zenildae</i> Zucchi were the tephritids that infested the highest number of host fruits. <i>A. alveatoides</i> Blanchard, <i>A. distincta</i> Greene, <i>A. macrura</i> Hendel, <i>A. rheediae</i> Stone and <i>A. undosa</i> Stone were recovered from only one species of host, and all of these associations are new records. Also established for the first time are the associations among eight species of <i>Neosilba</i> with 38 host species. <i>N. zadolicha</i> McAlpine and Steyskal, <i>N. pendula</i> (Bezzi), <i>N. glaberrima</i> (Wiedemann) and <i>N. inesperata</i> Strikis and Prado were the most polyphagous Lonchaeidae. 收起