摘要 : Biological ion channels can realize high-speed and high-selective iontransport through the protein filter with the sub-1-nanometer channel.Inspired by biological ion channels, various kinds of artificial subnanopores,subnanochanne... 展开 Biological ion channels can realize high-speed and high-selective iontransport through the protein filter with the sub-1-nanometer channel.Inspired by biological ion channels, various kinds of artificial subnanopores,subnanochannels, and subnanoslits with improved ion selectivity andpermeability are recently developed for efficient separation, energyconversion, and biosensing. This review article discusses the advancedfabrication and functionalization methods for constructing subnanofluidicpores, channels, tubes, and slits, which have shown great potential forvarious applications. Novel fabrication methods for producingsubnanofluidics, including top-down techniques such as electron beametching, ion irradiation, and electrochemical etching, as well as bottom-upapproaches starting from advanced microporous frameworks, microporouspolymers, lipid bilayer embedded subnanochannels, and stacked 2D materialsare well summarized. Meanwhile, the functionalization methods ofsubnanochannels are discussed based on the introduction of functionalgroups, which are classified into direct synthesis, covalent bondmodifications, and functional molecule fillings. These methods have enabledthe construction of subnanochannels with precise control of structure, size,and functionality. The current progress, challenges, and future directions inthe field of subnanofluidic are also discussed. 收起