摘要 : In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs andMPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organizedorganoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances inbiomaterials, bioink... 展开 In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs andMPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organizedorganoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances inbiomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensortechnologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics.MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution,metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise,efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery andpersonalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the invitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure andphysiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. Thisreview highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS modelsand their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess thereliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models arealso discussed. 收起