摘要 :
A discussion of six isotope separation processes; (1) the separation nozzle, (2) sweep diffusion, (3) thermal diffusion, (4) electromagnetic separation, (5) gaseous diffusion, and (6) centrifugation. The emphasis is on the physica...
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A discussion of six isotope separation processes; (1) the separation nozzle, (2) sweep diffusion, (3) thermal diffusion, (4) electromagnetic separation, (5) gaseous diffusion, and (6) centrifugation. The emphasis is on the physical principles involved in each process and on the use of these physical differences. Because five of the processes involve devices that give individually a very small separation, a cascade of these devices is required to effect large separations. The steady-state theory of such cascades is also discussed.
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This project summary includes the results of 10 innovations that were funded under the US Department's Innovative Concept Programs. The concepts address innovations that can substantially reduce the energy used in industrial separ...
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This project summary includes the results of 10 innovations that were funded under the US Department's Innovative Concept Programs. The concepts address innovations that can substantially reduce the energy used in industrial separations. Each paper describes the proposed concept, and discusses the concept's potential energy savings, market applications, technical feasibility, prior work and state of the art, and future development needs. (ERA citation 13:030505)
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Enriched stable and radioactive isotopes have played a significant role in the progress of mankind with most of that progress occurring in the last 50 years. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been a major contributor to...
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Enriched stable and radioactive isotopes have played a significant role in the progress of mankind with most of that progress occurring in the last 50 years. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been a major contributor to that progress by developing production methods and supplying enriched isotopes to research, medical and commercial users world-wide. The only alternate major source for these materials, especially the stable isotopes, is located in Russia. Over this time period, many changes in the content and form of this function have occurred in response to scientific, commercial, and political influences. Many of these changes have been positive, while some have had a negative impact on the supply and availability of enriched isotopes. What has not changed, however, is the importance of these special materials to virtually all aspects of life.
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A high performance superconducting magnet is being developed for particle retrieval from field collected samples. Results show that maximum separation effectiveness is obtained when the matrix fiber diameter approaches the diamete...
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A high performance superconducting magnet is being developed for particle retrieval from field collected samples. Results show that maximum separation effectiveness is obtained when the matrix fiber diameter approaches the diameter of the particles to be captured. Experimentally, we obtained a single particle capture limit with 0.8µm PuO<sub>2</sub> particles with dodecane as a carrier fluid. The development of new matrix materials is being pursued through the controlled corrosion of stainless steel wool, or the deposition of nickel dendrites on the existing stainless steel matrix material. We have also derived a model from a continuity equation that uses empirically determined capture cross section values. This enables the prediction of high gradient magnetic separator performance for a variety of materials and applications. The model can be used to optimize the capture cross section and thus increase the capture efficiency.
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A state of the art report on de-emulsification by high gradient magnetic separation is presented. The factors affecting the design and performance of the magnetic separator cell are discussed. The limitations and potential of this...
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A state of the art report on de-emulsification by high gradient magnetic separation is presented. The factors affecting the design and performance of the magnetic separator cell are discussed. The limitations and potential of this technique are examined.
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Designs for compact and high efficiency electrostatic precipitators (ESP's) for the separation of water mist and dust in aircraft environmental control systems (ECS) were developed and preliminary semi-quantitative tests in the la...
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Designs for compact and high efficiency electrostatic precipitators (ESP's) for the separation of water mist and dust in aircraft environmental control systems (ECS) were developed and preliminary semi-quantitative tests in the laboratory to demonstrate performance were conducted. Separator designs goth upstream and downstream of the air-conditioning turbine were considered. High separation efficiencies, 85 to 90 percent on water mists and 90 to 96 percent on dust were the specified design goals for flow rates of the order of 45 lbs/min and a total separator volume not to exceed 0.5 c. ft. Pressure drop and ozone and nitrogen oxide concentrations were to be maintained below specified levels. A two stage ESP with separate charger and collector stages was selected as the potentially most compact and efficient design which would also result in minimum ozone and nitrogen oxide generation. A cylindrical axial flow wire-plate charger design was developed operating at an air through-flow velocity of approximately 100 ft/sec at a voltage of 20 KV and charging current of 6 mA.
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The Facilities Engineering Operation of the Chemical Processing Department prepared a process study scope design of a large thermal diffusion plant for xenon isotope separation. This scoping was done perforce on the basis of calcu...
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The Facilities Engineering Operation of the Chemical Processing Department prepared a process study scope design of a large thermal diffusion plant for xenon isotope separation. This scoping was done perforce on the basis of calculations made from exclusively theoretical considerations because actual design data are not available. The designers are of the opinion, however, that, such a basis is not adequate to justify the construction of the plant and have, therefore, requested that an appropriate supporting research and development program be carried out. This report presents an experimental plan for obtaining the data required. Anticipated results from the proposed experiments as outlined below, are expected to be useful for determining the correlation of thermal diffusion column theory with practice for this particular system of xenon isotopes. An interpretation of the data will permit the determination of the sensitivity of the column parameters to the change in operational and design variables over which the designer and operator have control. Basic observations made on the behavior of xenon may, in addition, be of general scientific and technological interest. Included in the report are estimates of the kind and quantity of data to be obtained, the analytical services required, and the total analytical and operational cost of the program. The main theoretical concept is given in Part 1 -- Design Parameter Calculations of this report. Two reports, now in preparation, will present the scope design of a pilot unit thermal diffusion apparatus and the auxiliary supporting equipment.
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