摘要 :
The design and validation of adequate aircraft ice protection has evolved into a specialized and technically complex area where many engineering disciplines are involved; namely, aeronautical, electrical, mechanical, electronics, ...
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The design and validation of adequate aircraft ice protection has evolved into a specialized and technically complex area where many engineering disciplines are involved; namely, aeronautical, electrical, mechanical, electronics, chemical simulations, mathematical modeling, airframe/engine systems design, atmospheric physics, and meteorology. Research advances in any one discipline have a direct effect on updating the procedural technology used in the design and validation of ice protection configurations, equipment, and systems. Periodically the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides documentation to assist regulatory certification teams and industry design engineers in standardizing testing and validating procedures. Examples of such documentation are 'Engineering Summary of Airframe Icing Technical Data,' FAA Report No. ADS-4 dated December 1968, and 'Engineering Summary of Powerplant Icing Technical Data,' FAA Report No. RD-77-76 dated July 1977. Although most of the information contained in these reports is still valid, some is outdated, and more usable information is now available through recent research and experience. Therefore, this work was directed towards developing an updated and more comprehensive combined version of Report ADS-4 adn RD-77-76 that includes reference material on ground and airborne icing facilities, simulation procedures, and analytical techniques. This document represents all types and classes of aircraft and is intended as a working tool for the designer and analyst of ice protection systems.
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The objective of the work is for Northwest Research Associates, Inc. (NWRA) in collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) to develop a frazil/pancake model suitable for use by the National Ice Center (NIC) in the...
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The objective of the work is for Northwest Research Associates, Inc. (NWRA) in collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) to develop a frazil/pancake model suitable for use by the National Ice Center (NIC) in the marginal ice zone. The ice analyst/forecasters at NIC currently use many kinds of data to analyze and forecast of ice conditions near the ice edge in regions of interest. The model (to be used as a tool) developed in this project will aid in ice analysis and forecasting. This project has been stopped and therefore NIC will not get the new tool.
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A test program has been carried out to study ridging and rafting of model ice211 sheets. During each test, a sheet of floating model ice was pushed against 211 another similar ice sheet. Two types of ice sheets were used. Three di...
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A test program has been carried out to study ridging and rafting of model ice211 sheets. During each test, a sheet of floating model ice was pushed against 211 another similar ice sheet. Two types of ice sheets were used. Three different 211 deformation modes were observed: simple ridging (Type A), simple rafting (Type 211 C), and intermediate (Type B). It was discussed that all these deformation types 211 can also be found in nature. The forces during the ridging and rafting processes 211 were measured. The experiments suggested that there is a threshold force value 211 which must be reached before the rafting and subsequent ridging starts. During 211 the initial rafting phase, the force increased linearly. The measurement data 211 shows further that the force continued to grow also after the initial linear 211 trend, albeit at a lower rate. A further characteristic of the measured force was 211 that in some tests the force appeared to cease increasing and reach a plateau 211 value. This levelling of the force was observed to be connected with either onset 211 of failure of the surrounding ice sheet against the ridge or onset of rafting at 211 a new site. The report includes also literature reviews on models for ridge 211 formations and for relations between ridging force and ridge geometry.
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Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA in January-March 1981 as part of a multi-year program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round marine transportation sys...
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Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA in January-March 1981 as part of a multi-year program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round marine transportation system (including offshore structures) serving Alaska. This is the first volume of a twelve volume report. It contains brief descriptions and summaries of the entire program.
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The primary objective of this research was the development of a basic scientific understanding of frazil and anchor ice including their formation, growth, characteristics, and evolution in form and dynamics and their role in the d...
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The primary objective of this research was the development of a basic scientific understanding of frazil and anchor ice including their formation, growth, characteristics, and evolution in form and dynamics and their role in the development of the initial ice cover on a river. Interpretation of these data were directed toward developing an understanding of the physics of freeze-up as it involves frazil and anchor ice. (Author).
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