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In this paper the authors will consider a one-machine batching problem which is a211 combination of a sequencing and a partitioning problem. The authors will develop 211 an exponential neighborhood for this problem which can be ev...
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In this paper the authors will consider a one-machine batching problem which is a211 combination of a sequencing and a partitioning problem. The authors will develop 211 an exponential neighborhood for this problem which can be evaluated in quadratic 211 time using shortest path calculations. Results of a computational study are 211 reported.
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A performance test procedure and measurement technique for a batch mixing system is described using conductivity probes. The design of the automated experimental apparatus is described, and experimental procedures are given. Data ...
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A performance test procedure and measurement technique for a batch mixing system is described using conductivity probes. The design of the automated experimental apparatus is described, and experimental procedures are given. Data collected from the experiments are explained, and a mixtime analysis of the data is performed. Conductivity probe response curves provide a good representation of the system dynamics. Mixtime analysis allows for probe response comparisons to evaluate system geometry and probe location.
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The phenomenon of hindered settling during batch settling is studied. Theelementary aim of this study which summarizes six earlier publications, is to develop a new model for describing batch settling process. The work utilizes th...
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The phenomenon of hindered settling during batch settling is studied. Theelementary aim of this study which summarizes six earlier publications, is to develop a new model for describing batch settling process. The work utilizes the apparent fact that by modelling one property of the settling of particles other properties can be modelled with simple assumptions. Conventionally sludge settleability is assessed from batch settling test using part or points of settling curve. The study proposes a model for describing the whole settling curve and offers a method to compress the information of solids settling. The parameters of the model can be used as settleability indexes. The examination of the model showed that the model is practically and structurally identifiable under experimentation.
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The authors address the problem of scheduling n jobs on a batching machine to211 minimize regular scheduling criteria that are non-decreasing in the job 211 completion times. A batching machine is a machine that can handle up to b...
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The authors address the problem of scheduling n jobs on a batching machine to211 minimize regular scheduling criteria that are non-decreasing in the job 211 completion times. A batching machine is a machine that can handle up to b jobs 211 simultaneously. The jobs that are processed together form a batch, and all jobs 211 in a batch start and complete at the same time. The processing time of a batch is 211 equal to the largest processing time of any job in the batch. The authors analyze 211 two variants: The unbounded model, where b > or = n; and the bounded model, where 211 b < or = n.
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The research was undertaken to develop an inexpensive and easy to operate a microbiological system to reclaim waters contaminated with toxic organic chemicals. Groundwater pollution is a major environmental and public health probl...
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The research was undertaken to develop an inexpensive and easy to operate a microbiological system to reclaim waters contaminated with toxic organic chemicals. Groundwater pollution is a major environmental and public health problem in Colorado. Nitrophenols are widely used in industry as intermediates in the production of dyes, explosives and pesticides. Because of their widespread use, nitrophenols occur as contaminants in industrial effluents and hence in natural waters. The present study was designed to optimize conditions for the biodegradation of 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) and other toxic organic chemicals in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Optimal conditions for the destruction of toxic chemicals by these bacteria were determined in Sequencing Batch Reactors, a type of biological treatment system.
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One of the weaknesses of most MRP systems, is that they do not allow overlapping of activities on a batch by sequential machines. However, by letting the second machine start processing a batch before the first one has finished it...
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One of the weaknesses of most MRP systems, is that they do not allow overlapping of activities on a batch by sequential machines. However, by letting the second machine start processing a batch before the first one has finished it yet--a well known idea utilized by many practitioners--we can often achieve considerable improvement in terms of shorter lead time. This requires the use of partial transfer lots. In this paper we address the problem from a theoretical point of view. We optimize the sizes of the transfer lots for overlapping processing on two machines to as to minimize the makespan under a constraint on the number of transfers. We also discuss the issue of several consecutive jobs (batches), and how to extend the solution to several machines in such a manner that all machines process the batch continuously.
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Geckos, as well as many species of insect, have evolved a robust reversible adhesion mechanism, enabling them to traverse rough, smooth, vertical or inverted surfaces. The extraordinary climbing ability of geckos has been attribut...
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Geckos, as well as many species of insect, have evolved a robust reversible adhesion mechanism, enabling them to traverse rough, smooth, vertical or inverted surfaces. The extraordinary climbing ability of geckos has been attributed to the fine structure of their toe pads which contain arrays of thousands of micronsized setal stalks which are in turn terminated by millions of finger-like spatular pads having nano-scale dimensions. The hierarchical structure of the adhesive hairs provides several levels of compliance and enables them to come into close enough contact with rough surfaces to exploit the normally weak van der Waals force for strong adhesion. MEMS fabrication techniques are capable of producing micrometer and sub-micron features in a massively parallel fashion with a high degree of repeatability. This paper describes the use of such batch processing techniques to produce a synthetic reversible dry adhesive. A potential application for a controllable adhesive system capable of both strong attachment and rapid detachment clearly exists in the design of climbing robotic systems.
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A polymer-based MEMS actuator, consisting of small unit cells in a macroscopic array, was developed and demonstrated. Models were developed which predicted the performance, and actuators were fabricated which matched the theoretic...
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A polymer-based MEMS actuator, consisting of small unit cells in a macroscopic array, was developed and demonstrated. Models were developed which predicted the performance, and actuators were fabricated which matched the theoretical predictions. Deformation due to imperfect assembly resulted in imperfect performance. Further work is required to develop a reliable assembly process. Numerous polymer-based fabrication procedures were developed. Many of them borrow from either silicon or flexible printed circuit manufacturing, but modifications were necessary in order to adapt the processes to MEMS. The actuator is very efficient and uses very little power, making it suitable for autonomous applications such as robots.
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