摘要 :
This paper presents scenarios, from a productivity standpoint, of when a flexible automation system can be justified over a lower cost, fixed automation system. The traditional definitions of fixed and flexible automation systems ...
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This paper presents scenarios, from a productivity standpoint, of when a flexible automation system can be justified over a lower cost, fixed automation system. The traditional definitions of fixed and flexible automation systems are presented along with standard selection guidelines. A theoretical case study is offered with production requirements and machine costs. Calculations are performed to evaluate the productivity of a fixed automation solution and a flexible automation solution. Machine productivity variables are selected and altered to evaluate various situations.
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摘要 :
This paper presents scenarios, from a productivity standpoint, of when a flexible automation system can be justified over a lower cost, fixed automation system. The traditional definitions of fixed and flexible automation systems ...
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This paper presents scenarios, from a productivity standpoint, of when a flexible automation system can be justified over a lower cost, fixed automation system. The traditional definitions of fixed and flexible automation systems are presented along with standard selection guidelines. A theoretical case study is offered with production requirements and machine costs. Calculations are performed to evaluate the productivity of a fixed automation solution and a flexible automation solution. Machine productivity variables are selected and altered to evaluate various situations.
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This paper discusses the integration of substation automation systems, or more general, electrical automation systems with process automation systems, mainly for industrial plants which have infeed both from the public power grid ...
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This paper discusses the integration of substation automation systems, or more general, electrical automation systems with process automation systems, mainly for industrial plants which have infeed both from the public power grid and from own local generation (cogeneration). The main aspects of each system are highlighted as well as the main challenges when both systems have to be integrated. Capabilities of both communication and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are exploited. The IEDs have serial interfaces providing Ethernet access and are multi-functional allowing increased functionality with fewer IEDs. For electrical automation, the standard IEC 61850 using Ethernet at low stack layers is most common and provides interoperability between standard-compliant IEDs from different suppliers. Therefore, some historical and IEC 61850 based solutions are discussed, and the possibilities for protection and control are covered. The main features of some particular solutions used in the recent past are introduced, and a comparison with new architectures based on IEC 61850 is performed. For process automation, the use of Profibus over Ethernet has an impact on the common communication infrastructure. The integration of the electrical and process automation systems is shown for industrial plants without and with HV substations. The protocol conversion needed is discussed according to the shared functionality. The scope of the electrical automation is reviewed. The conclusion refers not only to the technical issues but also to the best use of the expertise and responsibilities of the involved parties.
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摘要 :
This paper discusses the integration of substation automation systems, or more general, electrical automation systems with process automation systems, mainly for industrial plants which have infeed both from the public power grid ...
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This paper discusses the integration of substation automation systems, or more general, electrical automation systems with process automation systems, mainly for industrial plants which have infeed both from the public power grid and from own local generation (cogeneration). The main aspects of each system are highlighted as well as the main challenges when both systems have to be integrated. Capabilities of both communication and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are exploited. The IEDs have serial interfaces providing Ethernet access and are multi-functional allowing increased functionality with fewer IEDs. For electrical automation, the standard IEC 61850 using Ethernet at low stack layers is most common and provides interoperability between standard-compliant IEDs from different suppliers. Therefore, some historical and IEC 61850 based solutions are discussed, and the possibilities for protection and control are covered. The main features of some particular solutions used in the recent past are introduced, and a comparison with new architectures based on IEC 61850 is performed. For process automation, the use of Profibus over Ethernet has an impact on the common communication infrastructure. The integration of the electrical and process automation systems is shown for industrial plants without and with HV substations. The protocol conversion needed is discussed according to the shared functionality. The scope of the electrical automation is reviewed. The conclusion refers not only to the technical issues but also to the best use of the expertise and responsibilities of the involved parties.
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Automation systems software must provide sufficient diagnosis information for testing to enable early defect detection and quality measurement. However, in many automation systems the aspects of automation, testing, and diagnosis ...
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Automation systems software must provide sufficient diagnosis information for testing to enable early defect detection and quality measurement. However, in many automation systems the aspects of automation, testing, and diagnosis are intertwined in the code. This makes the code harder to read, modify, and test. In this paper we introduce the design of a test-driven automation (TDA) component with separate aspects for automation, diagnosis, and testing to improve testability and test efficiency. We illustrate with a prototype, how automation component aspects allow flexible configuration of a "system under test" for test automation. Major result of the pilot application is that the TDA concept was found usable and useful to improve testing efficiency.
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Nowadays, automation has already entered human's lives. And here comes the problem, how could we design a valuable, usable and reliable automatic system? We need to determine which function owns the high-rights and which owns the ...
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Nowadays, automation has already entered human's lives. And here comes the problem, how could we design a valuable, usable and reliable automatic system? We need to determine which function owns the high-rights and which owns the low-rights. As for the type of functions, this paper proposes that automation can be applied to four classes of functions: 1) information acquisition; 2) information analysis; 3) decision and action selection; 4) action implementation [1]. This paper also introduces a new model of automatical system, called automatical window system, using the previous methods and information. The complexity of automation design requires high logical process, related techniques and real execution. Every single part matters and should be clarified before starting.
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This paper summarizes the history of Distribution Automation (DA) at Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC). PEC's first introduction into DA occurred in 1997 with the installation of a DSCADA and Feeder Monitoring System. In addition to...
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This paper summarizes the history of Distribution Automation (DA) at Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC). PEC's first introduction into DA occurred in 1997 with the installation of a DSCADA and Feeder Monitoring System. In addition to these systems, PEC also implemented a capacitor control program for distribution feeder capacitor banks. Currently PEC is implementing a Distribution System Demand Response (DSDR) Program as part of their Smart Grid Strategy to gain control of distribution feeder devices such that operational efficiency gains can be realized along with the ability to achieve significant demand reduction during peak load periods by controlling distribution voltage.
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摘要 :
This paper summarizes the history of Distribution Automation (DA) at Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC). PEC's first introduction into DA occurred in 1997 with the installation of a DSCADA and Feeder Monitoring System. In addition to...
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This paper summarizes the history of Distribution Automation (DA) at Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC). PEC's first introduction into DA occurred in 1997 with the installation of a DSCADA and Feeder Monitoring System. In addition to these systems, PEC also implemented a capacitor control program for distribution feeder capacitor banks. Currently PEC is implementing a Distribution System Demand Response (DSDR) Program as part of their Smart Grid Strategy to gain control of distribution feeder devices such that operational efficiency gains can be realized along with the ability to achieve significant demand reduction during peak load periods by controlling distribution voltage.
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摘要 :
This paper summarizes the history of Distribution Automation (DA) at Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC). PEC's first introduction into DA occurred in 1997 with the installation of a DSCADA and Feeder Monitoring System. In addition to...
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This paper summarizes the history of Distribution Automation (DA) at Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC). PEC's first introduction into DA occurred in 1997 with the installation of a DSCADA and Feeder Monitoring System. In addition to these systems, PEC also implemented a capacitor control program for distribution feeder capacitor banks. Currently PEC is implementing a Distribution System Demand Response (DSDR) Program as part of their Smart Grid Strategy to gain control of distribution feeder devices such that operational efficiency gains can be realized along with the ability to achieve significant demand reduction during peak load periods by controlling distribution voltage.
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We have previously advocated adaptable interaction with automation through approaches derived from human-human delegation and using the metaphor of a sports team's "playbook". In work sponsored by the U.S. Army's Aeroflightdynamic...
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We have previously advocated adaptable interaction with automation through approaches derived from human-human delegation and using the metaphor of a sports team's "playbook". In work sponsored by the U.S. Army's Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AFDD), we have been studying the effects of play-based delegation on human-machine system performance. Of particular interest is performance with plays in "non-optimal play environments" (NOPE) where no, or only poorly fitting, plays exist to achieve needed behaviors. Plays have been shown to offer benefits in situations for which they are customized, but more interesting is whether complacency, expectation, loss of training, and automation bias might affect performance when plays do not perfectly fit. We provide a taxonomy of NOPE conditions and report on the exploration of some of these conditions in a series of three experiments performed to date.
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