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Abstract Objectives Though xerostomia is a frequent oral symptom, there is no validated disease‐specific questionnaire in German. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate versions of the Xerostomia Inventory and th...
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Abstract Objectives Though xerostomia is a frequent oral symptom, there is no validated disease‐specific questionnaire in German. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate versions of the Xerostomia Inventory and the Summated Xerostomia Inventory in a German‐speaking population. Participants and Methods Thirty‐nine patients including 18 patients suffering from radiation‐induced xerostomia enrolled in this study. Both questionnaires were translated into German language according to international accepted guidelines. For validation, we evaluated reliability, validity, and responsiveness using the COSMIN manual for cross‐cultural adaptation. Results Cronbach's α was 0.92 for XI and 0.91 for SXI, showing both high internal consistency. Patients suffering from xerostomia showed significantly higher average scores demonstrating its discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis showed excellent “goodness‐of‐fit” values for SXI and good to moderate values for XI, confirming the assumed factor structures. The Xerostomia Inventory and its summated version both showed excellent test–retest reliability in the non‐xerostomia group (ICC?=?0.85 and 0.84). Conclusions The XI and SXI in their cross‐cultural adapted versions are the first validated self‐report assessments for xerostomia in German language. They are characterized by practical design and can be easily interpreted by the treating physician.
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Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to translate, linguistically validate, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI) among Turkish patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Metho...
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Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to translate, linguistically validate, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI) among Turkish patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods The study was conducted with 81 chronic HD patients in the HD units of two state hospitals between June and August 2020. Explanatory factor analysis was implemented to test the construct validity. In addition, the test–retest method was performed to test the reliability and consistency of the scale over time. Results A total of 81 patients participated in the study. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of SXI was 0.788. The mean values for the test were 12.84?±?6.78 and re‐test scores was 11.03?±?6.88. Intraclass correlation coefficient value calculated as 0.992 and accordingly a statistically significant relationship between the test and retest scores (p?收起
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Abstract Objective(s) The global demographic changes resulting in an ageing population require attention on xerostomia, as its prevalence appears to increase with age. The Xerostomia Inventory (XI) is a 11‐item instrument develop...
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Abstract Objective(s) The global demographic changes resulting in an ageing population require attention on xerostomia, as its prevalence appears to increase with age. The Xerostomia Inventory (XI) is a 11‐item instrument developed to evaluate the symptoms and behavioural components of xerostomia, while a shortened 5‐item version named Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI) was later proposed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the construct validity of the XI and whether the SXI can provide a shortened version. Since previous studies focused only on dimensionality and reliability, we employed modern psychometric methodology to investigate properties such as differential item functioning (DIF) and targeting. Study Design The XI was applied to 164 middle‐aged to older adults who participated in a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of alcohol‐containing mouth rinse in Singapore. The psychometric properties of the XI were investigated with the Rasch model (Partial Credit Model). Overall model fit was evaluated with a summary chi‐square statistic. Item fit was evaluated with the Fit Residual, and values between ?2.5 and 2.5 are considered acceptable. DIF by sex was evaluated through a two‐way ANOVA of the residuals. Results After collapsing the categories of “Hardly ever” and “Fairly often”, the test of global fit ( χ 2 (30)?=?34.32, P ?=?.27) indicated overall fit to the Rasch model. Since Fit Residuals were between ?2 and 2, the fit of individual items was also adequate. No DIF was found between men and women, and targeting was adequate ( μ ?=??0.56). Conclusion The current study expanded the evidence on the XI and SXI validity and provides new implications for practice: a 3‐point categorization (“Never,” “Occasionally” and “Very often”) should be preferred rather than the original 5‐point categorization; the XI and SXI scores can be compared between men and women and will reflect true differences in xerostomia rather than measurement bias.
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Background: Carcinomas of the head and neck (H&N) constitute 3%-5% of all the cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. Radiation therapy (RT) is applied in all but the very earliest stages of these diseases. Xerostomia occurs in 90% of these patients and is severe in 30% of them. This can produce crippling effects on the recipients' quality of life; conventional allopathic medicine does not have a useful solution to address these effects. Case: A modification of the MD Anderson Xerostomia Index was used, which is referred to her...
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Background: Carcinomas of the head and neck (H&N) constitute 3%-5% of all the cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. Radiation therapy (RT) is applied in all but the very earliest stages of these diseases. Xerostomia occurs in 90% of these patients and is severe in 30% of them. This can produce crippling effects on the recipients' quality of life; conventional allopathic medicine does not have a useful solution to address these effects. Case: A modification of the MD Anderson Xerostomia Index was used, which is referred to here as the Sheboygan Xerostomia Index (SXI), to assess the results of acupuncture in 2 cases. Two patients with significantly symptomatic xerostomia following combined chemotherapy and RT for squamous-cell carcinoma of the H&N, were treated with acupuncture, using a combination of body and ear acupuncture. The body points were LI V, LU 7, ST 36, and CV 24; the auricular points were Shenmen, Salivary Gland 2', and Point Zero. Responses were seen within 1 week. The first patient was treated weekly with acupuncture on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The second patient was treated weekly with the same points only on weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. Results: The patients' SXI scores declined from a maximum possible score of 60, for the respective weeks of treatment as follows: Patient l's scores were 30, 23, 21, 12, 6, 7; patient 2's scores were 34, 23,11, and 10. Conclusions: Acupuncture can be used successfully to treat radiation therapy-induced xerostomia at the community level and is cost-effective. This information should be shared with the oncology community, which, by and large, is not aware of this treatment opportunity.
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Objectives To determine the prevalence and severity of dry mouth by age, gender, presence of disease, and medication intake for patients aged 18 years and over, seeking primary health care on the west coast of Sweden (Region of Va...
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Objectives To determine the prevalence and severity of dry mouth by age, gender, presence of disease, and medication intake for patients aged 18 years and over, seeking primary health care on the west coast of Sweden (Region of Vastra Gotaland, VGR). Materials and methods Cross-sectional study conducted among patients (n = 374, age >= 18) visiting primary health care providers (n = 4) in VGR for any medical reasons. Patients were invited to participate by answering a single-item question, 'Have you experienced dry mouth in the last six months?' Patients giving positive answers (n = 163) were asked to fill in the 11-item Xerostomia Inventory (XI) questionnaire to determine the variability and severity of xerostomia. Patients replying 'No' (n = 211) to the single-item question were considered not to have xerostomia and included in the non-xerostomia group. Results The overall prevalence of xerostomia was 43.6% with a female dominance (61.2%). The prevalence in different age groups among females and males was similar. The number of medications and/or diseases are positively associated with xerostomia. Medication was a significant predictor of the prevalence of xerostomia, regardless of age and gender (p < .001). Patients with five or more medications had the highest prevalence of xerostomia (71.2%). Conclusion Patients seeking primary care on the west coast of Sweden have a high prevalence of xerostomia. Factors associated with xerostomia were female gender and medications and/or diseases. Awareness is required to manage patients with xerostomia in medical and dental care.
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Hintergrund In einer prospektiven klinischen Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit eines topisch angewandten polysaccharidhaltigen Sprays zur Behandlung der Xerostomie nach Strahlentherapie getestet.
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Objective To validate and determine the reliability of the Indonesian version of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI-ID) questionnaire. Background Xerostomia is a common problem in older people, and the SXI is increasingly bein...
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Objective To validate and determine the reliability of the Indonesian version of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI-ID) questionnaire. Background Xerostomia is a common problem in older people, and the SXI is increasingly being used to measure it. Materials and methods The SXI questionnaire was cross-culturally adapted to create an Indonesian version (SXI-ID), which was assessed for validity and reliability in a cross-sectional study of older adults living in nursing homes in Jakarta, Indonesia. Each participant signed an informed consent and was interviewed with the SXI-ID. A subset of participants was interviewed again after two weeks. A standard question was used to check criterion-related validity, by plotting the mean SXI-ID scale scores against the ordinal response categories of the standard question. The reliability check included Cronbach's alpha, total and inter-item correlation, and intraclass correlation for internal consistency, along with test-retest reliability. Results A total of 110 older adults participated. Cronbach's alpha value for the SXI-ID was .85, and the intraclass correlation coefficient value for test and retest in 15 participants was .9. The SXI-ID total score showed a strong positive correlation (.87) with the global question. There was a consistent ascending gradient in mean SXI-ID scores across the ordinal response categories of the global item. Conclusion The SXI-ID is psychometrically valid and reliable for measuring xerostomia in the Indonesian population.
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Objectives Recently, it was shown that the Regional Oral Dryness Inventory (RODI) could determine differences in dry-mouth perception at different intra-oral locations. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the RODI ...
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Objectives Recently, it was shown that the Regional Oral Dryness Inventory (RODI) could determine differences in dry-mouth perception at different intra-oral locations. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the RODI might help to discriminate between various causes of oral dryness in dry-mouth patients. The second aim was to ascertain whether the RODI could become an additional diagnostic tool in dry-mouth patients. Materials and methods Data were collected retrospectively from patients who visited a specialized saliva clinic. Salivary flow rates, Xerostomia Inventory scores, and RODI scores were extracted from the medical records. Patients were stratified into subgroups according to their health status. Results Five hundred twenty-eight patients participated in this study (mean age of 59.6 +/- 16.0 years; 68.4% female). Specific patient groups differed with regard to the region of the mouth they experienced as the most and least dry. The posterior palate was the area perceived as most dry by controls and Sjogren patients. In patients using limited or multiple medications, it was the anterior tongue. RODI scores also differed significantly among dry-mouth patient groups: whereas controls and patients using limited medication had the lowest RODI scores and experienced less intra-oral dryness, Sjogren patients had the highest RODI scores. Conclusion Our use of the RODI questionnaire showed that perceived intra-oral dryness differed between the various dry-mouth patients.
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Xerostomia or dry mouth occurs when there is decreased production of saliva. This condition can lead to oral health complications (eg, dental caries, oral lesions), chewing and swallowing problems, and reduced quality of life. Hem...
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Xerostomia or dry mouth occurs when there is decreased production of saliva. This condition can lead to oral health complications (eg, dental caries, oral lesions), chewing and swallowing problems, and reduced quality of life. Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of developing xerostomia because of polypharmacy, fluid restriction, salivary gland dysfunction, oral breathing, and systemic diseases. Drug-induced xerostomia increases the risk of oral diseases in these patients. The health care team needs to assess the symptoms of xerostomia in the hemodialysis population and to apply the latest recommendations for its management. This article describes the risks of drug-induced xerostomia in oral health and its management in patients on HD.
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