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The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is an important insect vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of Huanglongbing, which is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. Sequences for p...
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The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is an important insect vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of Huanglongbing, which is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. Sequences for putative Diaphorina citri reovirus (DcRV) were identified from some worldwide populations of D. citri. Here, field surveys indicated that the virus was common in D. citri populations from Hawaii and Fuzhou of PR China. Electron microscopy showed that DcRV virions possessed a typical reovirus-like morphology. The U. S. and Chinese DcRV isolates both showed 10 segments of double-stranded RNA sharing > 96% nucleotide sequence identity, and encoding 11 deduced proteins. All genome segments contained conserved 5' and 3' terminal nucleotide sequences and inverted repeats that are hallmarks of reovirus sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DcRV may be considered a new species of the genus Fyivirus sharing a most recent common ancestor with the insect-specific fijivirus Nilaparvata lugens reovirus.
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Mud crab reovirus (MCRV) is the causative agent of a serious disease with high mortality in cultured mud crab (Scylla serrata). This study sequenced and analyzed 12 genome segments of MCRV. The 12 genome segments had a total lengt...
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Mud crab reovirus (MCRV) is the causative agent of a serious disease with high mortality in cultured mud crab (Scylla serrata). This study sequenced and analyzed 12 genome segments of MCRV. The 12 genome segments had a total length of 24.464. kb, showing a total G. +. C content of 41.29% and predicted 15 ORFs. Sequence analysis showed that the majority of MCRV genes shared low homology with the counterpart genes of other reoviruses, e.g., the amino acid identity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was lower than 13.0% compared to the RdRp sequences of other reoviruses. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of RdRp and capping enzyme suggested MCRV as a single group. Further genome-based phylogenetical analysis of conserved termini and reovirus polymerase motif indicates that this MCRV belongs to a new genus of the Reoviridae family, tentatively named as Crabreovirus.
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A complex set of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) was isolated from threecornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), a plant-feeding hemipteran pest. A subset of these dsRNAs constitute the genome of a new reovirus, provisionall...
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A complex set of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) was isolated from threecornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), a plant-feeding hemipteran pest. A subset of these dsRNAs constitute the genome of a new reovirus, provisionally designated Spissistilus festinus reovirus (SpFRV). SpFRV was present in threecornered alfalfa hopper populations in the San Joaquin Valley of California, with incidence ranging from 10% to 60% in 24 of 25 sample sets analyzed. The 10 dsRNA segments of SpFRV were completely sequenced and shown to share conserved terminal sequences (5'-AGAGA and CGAUGUUGU-3') of the positive-sense strand that are distinct from known species of the family Reoviridae. Comparisons of the RNA directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) indicated SpFRV is most closely related (39.1% amino acid identity) to another new reovirus infecting the angulate leafhopper (Acinopterus angulatus) and provisionally designated Acinopterus angulatus reovirus (AcARV). The RdRp of both viruses was distantly related to Raspberry latent virus RdRp at 27.0% (SpFRV) and 30.0% (AcARV) or Rice ragged stunt virus RdRp at 26.2% (SpFRV) and 29.0% (AcARV) amino acid identity. RdRp phylogeny confirmed that SpFRV and AcARV are sister taxa sharing a most recent common ancestor. SpFRV segment 6 encodes a protein containing two NTP binding motifs that are conserved in homologs of reoviruses in the subfamily Spinareovirinae. The protein encoded by SpFRV segment 4 was identified as a guanylyltransferase homolog. SpFRV segments 1, 3, and 10 encode homologs of reovirus structural proteins. No homologs were identified for proteins encoded by SpFRV segments 5, 7, 8, and 9. Collectively, the low level of sequence identity with other reoviruses, similar segment terminal sequences, RdRp phylogeny, and host taxa indicate that SpFRV and AcARV may be considered members of a proposed new genus of the family Reoviridae (subfamily Spinareovirinae), with SpFRV assigned as the type species.
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Since late 2009, an unusual problem of reovirus-related lameness has been seen in market-age tom turkeys in the upper Midwest area of the United States. In this study, we determined the efficacy of five commonly used disinfectants...
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Since late 2009, an unusual problem of reovirus-related lameness has been seen in market-age tom turkeys in the upper Midwest area of the United States. In this study, we determined the efficacy of five commonly used disinfectants (Virocid, Keno X5, Synergize, One Stroke, and Tek Trol) against turkey arthritis reoviruses (TARVs). For comparison, turkey enteric reovirus (TERV) and chicken arthritis reovirus (CARV) were also included. At their recommended concentrations, all five disinfectants were found to be effective virucidals, inactivating 99.99% of all viruses within 10 min. However, oxidizing agents and quaternary ammonium compounds + aldehyde types of disinfectants were more effective, killing the viruses in a shorter time (2-5 min) than the other types of disinfectants. These results indicate that these disinfectants can be an effective tool in the control of these viruses.
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We report on the complete characterization of S class gene segments of 12 newly isolated turkey arthritis reoviruses (TARVs) and compare it with that of a turkey enteric reovirus (TERV). Phylogenetic analysis of S2, S3 and S4 geno...
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We report on the complete characterization of S class gene segments of 12 newly isolated turkey arthritis reoviruses (TARVs) and compare it with that of a turkey enteric reovirus (TERV). Phylogenetic analysis of S2, S3 and S4 genome segments revealed grouping of all TARVs into two lineages while, on the basis of S1 genome segment, only one lineage was found. All TARVs had 95-100% nucleotide identity based on sigma C protein sequences (S1 segment) but varied from 90-100%, 88.9-100% and 88.7-100% on the basis of S2, S3, and S4 genome segments, respectively. Point mutations as well as possible reassortments were observed in TARVs throughout the S class indicating the need for extensive epidemiological studies on these viruses in hatcheries and commercial farms, which would be useful in determining virus variation in the field. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Cryo-electron microscopy was applied to analyze mud crab reovirus (MCRV), which causes 'sleeping disease' in mud crab, Scylla serrata, a marine species cultured in China. We present here the three dimensional structure of MCRV at ...
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Cryo-electron microscopy was applied to analyze mud crab reovirus (MCRV), which causes 'sleeping disease' in mud crab, Scylla serrata, a marine species cultured in China. We present here the three dimensional structure of MCRV at 13.8. ? resolution. The outer capsid shell is composed of 260 trimers with complete T = 13 icosahedral symmetry. A major difference between MCRV and previously reported aquareoviruses is that it lacks a pentameric turret structure. These results together with recently published molecular biological evidence (Deng et al., 2012) indicate that, from a structural perspective, MCRV should be classified as a new member of the family Reoviridae.
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ABSTRACT Turkey reoviruses have been implicated in multiple disease syndromes resulting in significant economic losses to the turkey industry. It has been known for decades that turkey enteric reovirus (TERV) is involved in poult ...
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ABSTRACT Turkey reoviruses have been implicated in multiple disease syndromes resulting in significant economic losses to the turkey industry. It has been known for decades that turkey enteric reovirus (TERV) is involved in poult enteritis complex, but turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV), the causative agent of tenosynovitis in turkeys, emerged in 2011. In 2019, we isolated reovirus from several cases of hepatitis in turkeys and tentatively named it turkey hepatitis reovirus (THRV). The comparative pathogenesis of these viruses, and correlation with their genetic make-up (if any), is not known. In this study, we inoculated nine groups of 1-week-old turkey poults with two THRV, five TARV and two TERV via oral route. A tenth group served as a negative control. A subset of birds from each group was euthanised at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Tissues were collected for histology and real-time RT–PCR. All nine viruses were found to be enterotropic; the virus gene copy number in the intestine reached a peak at 5?dpi followed by a sharp decline at 7?dpi. All viruses caused a significant decline in body weight gain of birds as compared to the negative control group. Both TARV and THRV strains replicated in tendons and produced histologic lesions consistent with tenosynovitis. Hepatic lesions were produced by THRV only and the virus was re-isolated from liver and spleen of inoculated birds fulfilling Koch’s postulates. The results of this study should be helpful in facilitating diagnosis and designing future mitigation plans.
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Selected 10-to-21-day-old broiler chickens from flocks undergoing runting-stunting syndrome were found to have significant pancreatic damage, grossly and histologically. Six reoviruses, with sequences that varied, both from each o...
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Selected 10-to-21-day-old broiler chickens from flocks undergoing runting-stunting syndrome were found to have significant pancreatic damage, grossly and histologically. Six reoviruses, with sequences that varied, both from each other and from SI 133reovirus, were isolated from these pancreases and from pancreases of specific-pathogen-free leghorn sentinels placed on two of the broiler farms for 7 days.
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Nine- and 11-day-old male broiler breeder chicks from a flock with excessively high mortality were found to have ascites, fibrotic and necrotic livers, and round, thin-walled hearts. Virus isolation on liver homogenates and sequen...
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Nine- and 11-day-old male broiler breeder chicks from a flock with excessively high mortality were found to have ascites, fibrotic and necrotic livers, and round, thin-walled hearts. Virus isolation on liver homogenates and sequencing of PCR products of the isolate identified a reovirus whose sequence varied from sequences of other published reoviruses. Histopathology supported a diagnosis of reovirus-associated myocarditis and myocardial necrosis. This virus was possibly transmitted vertically from the primary breeder flock.
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Reovirus infections are actually related to a lot of disease conditions with different clinicalmanifestations. Reoviruses have been isolated from a variety of tissues in poultry, suffering from differentdisease conditions includin...
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Reovirus infections are actually related to a lot of disease conditions with different clinicalmanifestations. Reoviruses have been isolated from a variety of tissues in poultry, suffering from differentdisease conditions including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis, stunting syndrome, respiratory disease, entericdisease, immunosuppression and malabsorption syndrome. Economic losses related to reoviral infections arefrequently associated with increased mortality, viral arthritis/tenosynovitis and general lack of performance, including diminished weight gains, high feed conversionsuneven growth rates and reduced marketability ofthe affected birds. The resistance ofthe virus could be one of the reasons for such a high prevalence. This high prevalence put emphasis on thevaccination of the breeder flocks and shows the necessity of more studies on aspects of Reovirus.
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