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Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate after repeated and complete destruction of the tissue. The healing phases for an injured muscle undergo an activation program controlled by a dynamically inducible transcripti...
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Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate after repeated and complete destruction of the tissue. The healing phases for an injured muscle undergo an activation program controlled by a dynamically inducible transcriptional regulatory network. Mapping a complex mammalian transcriptional network is confronted by significant challenges and requires the integration of multiple experimental data types. In this work we present a system approach to describe the transcriptional circuitry during skeletal muscle regeneration using time-course expression data and motif scanning information. Time-lagged correlation analysis was utilized to evaluate the transcription factor (TF) -> target associations. Our analysis identified six TFs that potentially play a central role throughout the regeneration process. Four of them have previously been described to be important for muscle regeneration and differentiation. The remaining two TFs are identified as novel regulators that may have a role in the regeneration process. We hope that our work may provide useful clues to help accelerate the recovery process in injured skeletal muscle.
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The article is devoted to the theoretical issues of the development of a matrix apparatus for modeling the process of digital voltage regulation in different types of digital voltage regulators.
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During the course of the first thirty CRRI conferences, we have gained considerable insight about how to design regulatory policy in the presence of developing competition. The insight to date has focused on how to harness competi...
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During the course of the first thirty CRRI conferences, we have gained considerable insight about how to design regulatory policy in the presence of developing competition. The insight to date has focused on how to harness competitive forces to motivate incumbent suppliers to serve the best interests of consumers. This paper stresses the importance of considering the incentives of regulators and explores the associated changes in standard recommendations for regulatory policy design in the presence of developing competition.
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An analysis of electrification of passenger vehicles identified three areas where engagement with utilities and their regulators would help to advance policy and practice on plug-in electric vehicles: making a better policy case, ...
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An analysis of electrification of passenger vehicles identified three areas where engagement with utilities and their regulators would help to advance policy and practice on plug-in electric vehicles: making a better policy case, improving regulatory incentives and adopting smart charging technology.
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XMAP215/Dis1 proteins are conserved tubulin-binding TOG-domain proteins that regulate microtubule (MT) plus-end dynamics. Here we show that Alp14, a XMAP215 orthologue in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has properties of...
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XMAP215/Dis1 proteins are conserved tubulin-binding TOG-domain proteins that regulate microtubule (MT) plus-end dynamics. Here we show that Alp14, a XMAP215 orthologue in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has properties of a MT polymerase. In vivo, Alp14 localizes to growing MT plus ends in a manner independent of Mal3 (EB1). alp14-null mutants display short interphase MTs with twofold slower assembly rate and frequent pauses. Alp14 is a homodimer that binds a single tubulin dimer. In vitro, purified Alp14 molecules track growing MT plus ends and accelerate MT assembly threefold. TOG-domain mutants demonstrate that tubulin binding is critical for function and plus end localization. Overexpression of Alp14 or only its TOG domains causes complete MT loss in vivo, and high Alp14 concentration inhibits MT assembly in vitro. These inhibitory effects may arise from Alp14 sequestration of tubulin and effects on the MT. Our studies suggest that Alp14 regulates the polymerization state of tubulin by cycling between a tubulin dimer-bound cytoplasmic state and a MT polymerase state that promotes rapid MT assembly.
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The NMDA receptor is the most widely studied ionotropic glutamate receptor, and it is central to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. GluN2A is one of the two main types of GluN2 NMDA ...
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The NMDA receptor is the most widely studied ionotropic glutamate receptor, and it is central to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. GluN2A is one of the two main types of GluN2 NMDA receptor subunits in the forebrain. The proper activity of GluN2A is important to brain function, as the abnormal regulation of GluN2A may induce some neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will examine the regulation of GluN2A by endogenous and exogenous regulators in the central nervous system.
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The composition of utility revenues under performancebased regulation depends on the approach used to set base revenue allowances and the magnitude of financial performance incentives. For the most policy-responsive regime, regula...
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The composition of utility revenues under performancebased regulation depends on the approach used to set base revenue allowances and the magnitude of financial performance incentives. For the most policy-responsive regime, regulators should pursue ‘integrated PBR’ by both broadening the set of performance incentives they offer and embracing benchmarking for base revenue allowances.
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Should "value'' of electricity rather than cost become the basis for regulation of the sector? If it can be shown that there is indeed a wide gap between the value of electricity service delivered to a customer and the cost of ser...
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Should "value'' of electricity rather than cost become the basis for regulation of the sector? If it can be shown that there is indeed a wide gap between the value of electricity service delivered to a customer and the cost of service, then a compelling rationale exists for a deeper examination of this issue. The primary economic justification for regulation of electric utilities arises out of the obeisance to the idea that electric utilities are natural monopolies. According to classical economic theory, a natural monopoly exists when a single firm can provide the lowest-cost means of supplying a product or service in a specific geographic area or region.
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Gene expression is largely regulated during the initiation of RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcription. In this issue, Kouzine et al. show that control of DNA melting is one of the critical rate-limiting steps for productive mRNA e...
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Gene expression is largely regulated during the initiation of RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcription. In this issue, Kouzine et al. show that control of DNA melting is one of the critical rate-limiting steps for productive mRNA elongation. We discuss these findings in the context of other key energetic transitions.
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The importance of the performance of frequency regulation has already been acknowledged by regulators and Independent System Operators (ISOs). A performance-based frequency regulation market model considering both regulation capac...
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The importance of the performance of frequency regulation has already been acknowledged by regulators and Independent System Operators (ISOs). A performance-based frequency regulation market model considering both regulation capacity and regulation mileage constraints is proposed in this paper. In the proposed market, high-performance regulation resources have higher priorities to be selected in the market. Market clearing prices are derived with Lagrange relaxation. The analysis of the components of market clearing prices accurately indicates the correlation between regulation capacity and regulation mileage. To accommodate the proposed regulation market design, AGC allocation algorithm is adjusted based on the market clearing results. The clearing procedure of the market model is demonstrated on an illustrative case. The proposed market design is tested and verified with market simulations and system dynamic simulations. Simulation results are discussed and compared to show the effectiveness of the proposed market design. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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