摘要 :
Purpose - A rapidly expanding body of literature on international mediation, as well as the central role international mediation plays in modern-day conflict resolution, make it necessary to review and analyze this vastly evolving...
展开
Purpose - A rapidly expanding body of literature on international mediation, as well as the central role international mediation plays in modern-day conflict resolution, make it necessary to review and analyze this vastly evolving field of study. This study seeks to review the most significant trends and debates in the literature on international mediation, with an emphasis on the literature of the past six years. Design/methodology/approach - Reflecting Wall et al.'s staged conceptualization of the mediation process; this review essay is divided in three sections that cover the antecedents of mediation, possible mediation approaches, and the outcomes these approaches yield - making it possible to review and analyze the diverse sets of theories within the field of mediation, as well the various methodological approaches employed to test these theories. Findings - Much research to date has focused on how international mediation in armed conflicts affects the likelihood of reaching a negotiated agreement, while other possible outcomes of mediation have been understudied. Accordingly, research needs to be done on the effects of mediation attempts that did not lead to a peace agreement, as well as the accumulative effect of peace agreements. Furthermore, the relation between negative peace and mediation has been studied extensively, but how mediation affects the degree of positive peace has received scant scholarly attention. Finally, the interlinkages between the different phases of the mediation process need to be examined more extensively. Originality/value - This review identifies the state of the art knowledge concerning the international mediation process, which allows peacemakers to make informed decisions in order to prevent and resolve armed conflict in the twenty-first century.
收起
摘要 :
Procedures for examining whether treatment effects on an outcome are mediated and/or moderated have been well developed and are routinely applied. The mediation question focuses on the intervening mechanism that produces the treat...
展开
Procedures for examining whether treatment effects on an outcome are mediated and/or moderated have been well developed and are routinely applied. The mediation question focuses on the intervening mechanism that produces the treatment effect. The moderation question focuses on factors that affect the magnitude of the treatment effect. It is important to note that these two processes may be combined in informative ways, such that moderation is mediated or mediation is moderated. Although some prior literature has discussed these possibilities, their exact definitions and analytic procedures have not been completely articulated. The purpose of this article is to define precisely both mediated moderation and moderated mediation and provide analytic strategies for assessing each.
收起
摘要 :
Objective The concepts and associated analyses of mediation and moderation are important to the field of psychology. Although pediatric psychologists frequently incorporate mediation and moderation in their theories and empirical ...
展开
Objective The concepts and associated analyses of mediation and moderation are important to the field of psychology. Although pediatric psychologists frequently incorporate mediation and moderation in their theories and empirical research, on few occasions have we integrated mediation and moderation. In this article, conceptual reasons for integrating mediation and moderation are offered. Method We illustrate a model that integrates mediation and moderation. Results In our illustration, the strength of an indirect or a mediating effect varied as a function of a moderating variable. Conclusions Clinical implications of the integration of mediation and moderation are discussed, as is the potential of integrated models to advance research programs in pediatric psychology.
收起
摘要 :
Mediators are intermediate variables in the causal pathway between an exposure and an outcome. Mediation analysis investigates the extent to which exposure effects occur through these variables, thus revealing causal mechanisms. I...
展开
Mediators are intermediate variables in the causal pathway between an exposure and an outcome. Mediation analysis investigates the extent to which exposure effects occur through these variables, thus revealing causal mechanisms. In this paper, we consider the estimation of the mediation effect when the outcome is binary and multiple mediators of different types exist. We give a precise definition of the total mediation effect as well as decomposed mediation effects through individual or sets of mediators using the potential outcomes framework. We formulate a model of joint distribution (probit-normal) using continuous latent variables for any binary mediators to account for correlations among multiple mediators. A mediation formula approach is proposed to estimate the total mediation effect and decomposed mediation effects based on this parametric model. Estimation of mediation effects through individual or subsets of mediators requires an assumption involving the joint distribution of multiple counterfactuals. We conduct a simulation study that demonstrates low bias of mediation effect estimators for two-mediator models with various combinations of mediator types. The results also show that the power to detect a nonzero total mediation effect increases as the correlation coefficient between two mediators increases, whereas power for individual mediation effects reaches a maximum when the mediators are uncorrelated. We illustrate our approach by applying it to a retrospective cohort study of dental caries in adolescents with low and high socioeconomic status. Sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the robustness of conclusions regarding mediation effects when the assumption of no unmeasured mediator-outcome confounders is violated.
收起
摘要 :
The purpose of this study was to describe common approaches used by nursing researchers to test mediation models and evaluate them within the context of current methodological advances. MEDLINE was used to locate studies testing a...
展开
The purpose of this study was to describe common approaches used by nursing researchers to test mediation models and evaluate them within the context of current methodological advances. MEDLINE was used to locate studies testing a mediation model and published from 2004 to 2015 in nursing journals. Design (experimental/correlation, cross-sectional/longitudinal, model complexity) and analysis (method, inclusion of test of mediated effect, violations/discussion of assumptions, sample size/power) characteristics were coded for 456 studies. General trends were identified using descriptive statistics. Consistent with findings of reviews in other disciplines, evidence was found that nursing researchers may not be aware of the strong assumptions and serious limitations of their analyses. Suggestions for strengthening the rigor of such studies and an overview of current methods for testing more complex models, including longitudinal mediation processes, are presented.
收起
摘要 :
This paper describes methods for testing mediation and moderation effects in a dataset, both together and separately. Investigations of this kind are especially valuable in prevention research to obtain information on the process ...
展开
This paper describes methods for testing mediation and moderation effects in a dataset, both together and separately. Investigations of this kind are especially valuable in prevention research to obtain information on the process by which a program achieves its effects and whether the program is effective for subgroups of individuals. A general model that simultaneously estimates mediation and moderation effects is presented, and the utility of combining the effects into a single model is described. Possible effects of interest in the model are explained, as are statistical methods to assess these effects. The methods are further illustrated in a hypothetical prevention program example.
收起
摘要 :
Constructed facilities are a major component of the built environment. Nevertheless, construction is of long-duration, high value and dispute-prone. As such, dispute is a regular feature in construction and consumes resources that...
展开
Constructed facilities are a major component of the built environment. Nevertheless, construction is of long-duration, high value and dispute-prone. As such, dispute is a regular feature in construction and consumes resources that would otherwise be used in a more productive manner. The use of mediation has been regarded as a flexible, cost-effective, and non-threatening way to dispute resolution. Reported studies on construction mediation have been instrumental in bringing out key success factors and the advantages over other adversarial resolution processes. Moreover, mediation is a form of assisted negotiation; hence the skill of a mediator shall have pivotal effect on the mediation outcome. In fact, the appropriate use of tactics by a mediator shall have deciding effect on the chance of success. Notwithstanding, the implication on tactics in relation to the nature of dispute cannot be discarded. In these contexts, a study that examines the inter-relationships among dispute sources, mediator tactics and mediation outcome was conducted in Hong Kong. The study is broadly divided into two parts. Part (Ⅰ) deals with the development of taxonomies of construction dispute sources, mediator tactics and outcomes, employing the technique of Principal Component of Factor Analysis (PCFA). A total of eight, nine and four taxonomies for dispute sources, mediator tactics and outcomes were identified, respectively. Based on these results, Part (Ⅱ) of the study examined the contingent use of mediator tactics in the contexts of dispute sources and mediation outcomes.
收起
摘要 :
Forty-five years after the tragic death of the noble and renowned me-diator Count Folke Bernadotte – and is years ago, almost to the day– my good friend Jan Egeland, the late Foreign Minister Johan JurgenHoist, my husband Terje ...
展开
Forty-five years after the tragic death of the noble and renowned me-diator Count Folke Bernadotte – and is years ago, almost to the day– my good friend Jan Egeland, the late Foreign Minister Johan JurgenHoist, my husband Terje Roed-Larsen (who later became one of Ber-nadotte's successors as UN mediator) and I were present on the SouthLawn of the White House witnessing the spectacular signing ceremo-ny between Yasser Arafat and Yitzak Rabin and the then Presidentof the US, Bill Clinton. Under the blazing sun on the White Houselawn, one of the many thoughts that went through my head that daywas how much I admired the Israeli and Palestinian negotiators andtheir leaders for taking the risk for peace – and as we all know, Rabinhad to pay the ultimate price for it just two years later.
收起
摘要 :
A variety of inferential tests are available for single
and multilevel mediation but most come with notable
limitations that balance tradeoffs between power and
TypeⅠ error. We extend the partial posterior p value
method (p3 ...
展开
A variety of inferential tests are available for single
and multilevel mediation but most come with notable
limitations that balance tradeoffs between power and
TypeⅠ error. We extend the partial posterior p value
method (p3 method) to test multilevel mediation. This
contemporary resampling-based composite approach is
specifically suited for complex null hypotheses. We
develop the p3 method and investigate its performance
within the context of two-level cluster-randomized
multilevel mediation studies. Similar to its performance
in single-level studies, we found that the p3 method performed
well relative to other mediation tests suggesting
it provides a judicious balance between Type Ⅰ error rate
and power.While bias-corrected bootstrapping achieved
the best overall performance, the p3 method serves as an
alternative tool for researchers investigating multilevel
mediation that is especially useful when conducting a
priori power analyses. To encourage utilization, we provide
R code for implementing the p3 method.
收起
摘要 :
This article argues that parental mediation theory is rooted in television studies and must be refined to accommodate the fast-changing media landscape that is populated by complex and intensively used media forms such as video ga...
展开
This article argues that parental mediation theory is rooted in television studies and must be refined to accommodate the fast-changing media landscape that is populated by complex and intensively used media forms such as video games, social media, and mobile apps. Through a study of parental mediation of children's video game play, we identify the limitations of parental mediation theory as applied to current trends in children's media use and suggest how it can be enhanced. This study seeks to improve parental mediation theory's descriptive and explanatory strength by identifying and outlining the specific activities that parents undertake as they impose their media strategies. We explain how restrictive, co-use, and active mediation are constituted by gatekeeping, discursive, diversionary, and investigative activities.
收起
原文获取