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Materials informatics employs techniques, tools, and theories drawn from the emerging fields of data science, internet, computer science and engineering, and digital technologies to the materials science and engineering to acceler...
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Materials informatics employs techniques, tools, and theories drawn from the emerging fields of data science, internet, computer science and engineering, and digital technologies to the materials science and engineering to accelerate materials, products and manufacturing innovations. Manufacturing is transforming into shorter design cycles, mass customization, on-demand production, and sustainable products. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a popular example of such a trend. However, the success of this manufacturing transformation is critically dependent on the availability of suitable materials and of data on invertible processing-structure-property-performance life cycle linkages of materials. Experience suggests that the material development cycle, i.e. the time to develop and deploy new material, generally exceeds the product design and development cycle. Hence, there is a need to accelerate materials innovation in order to keep up with product and manufacturing innovations. This is a major challenge considering the hundreds of thousands of materials and processes, and the huge amount of data on microstructure, composition, properties, and functional, environmental, and economic performance of materials. Moreover, the data sharing culture among the materials community is sparse. Materials informatics is key to the necessary transformation in product design and manufacturing. Through the association of material and information sciences, the emerging field of materials informatics proposes to computationally mine and analyze large ensembles of experimental and modeling datasets efficiently and cost effectively and to deliver core materials knowledge in user-friendly ways to the designers of materials and products, and to the manufacturers. This paper reviews the various developments in materials informatics and how it facilitates materials innovation by way of specific examples.
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Technologies employing nanomaterials, such as electronics, optoelectronics, nanobiotechnologies, quantum optics, and nanophotonics, are perceived as the key drivers of investigations on novel and functional materials and their nan...
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Technologies employing nanomaterials, such as electronics, optoelectronics, nanobiotechnologies, quantum optics, and nanophotonics, are perceived as the key drivers of investigations on novel and functional materials and their nanostructures for various applications. It is well understood that the study of such materials and structures has been of great importance for the optimization and development of electrical and optical devices. From such devices, one does not only expect higher efficiencies, but also access to the development of completely new concepts, which are strongly demanded by modern information-processing, quantum, or medical technologies, and sensing applications. In this context, a wide range of aspects such as the physics of novel materials, as well as materials engineering, characterization, and applications are summarized here. Novel materials, which can be used, for instance, for energy harvesting or light generation, as well as for future logic devices; material engineering, which can lead to improved device functionality and performance in optoelectronics; material physics, the study of which allows insight to be gained into optical and electrical properties of nanostructured systems and quantum materials; and technologies/devices, addressing progress on the application side of sophisticated material systems and quantum structures, are highlighted using representative examples.
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Novel modified pharmaceutical materials with desired functionalities are required for the development of drug delivery systems. Excipients are no more inert ingredients but these are playing crucial roles in modifying physicochemi...
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Novel modified pharmaceutical materials with desired functionalities are required for the development of drug delivery systems. Excipients are no more inert ingredients but these are playing crucial roles in modifying physicochemical properties of drugs and for imparting desired functionalities in the delivery system. In this review article, modified materials such as grafted, composite and coprocessed have been discussed along with the updated reported literature on the same. Applications of grafted materials as drug release retardant, mucoadhesive polymer and tablet superdisintegrant have been elaborated. Use of composite materials in the development of transdermal films, hydrogels, mlcrospheres, beads and nanoparticles have been discussed. Methods for the preparation of coprocessed materials along with commercial products of different coprocessed excipients have also been enlisted.
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Abstract Soft matter systems and materials are moving toward adaptive and interactive behavior, which holds outstanding promise to make the next generation of intelligent soft materials systems inspired from the dynamics and behav...
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Abstract Soft matter systems and materials are moving toward adaptive and interactive behavior, which holds outstanding promise to make the next generation of intelligent soft materials systems inspired from the dynamics and behavior of living systems. But what is an adaptive material? What is an interactive material? How should classical responsiveness or smart materials be delineated? At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive discussion on these topics, which is however of profound importance in order to identify landmark advances, keep a correct and noninflating terminology, and most importantly educate young scientists going into this direction. By comparing different levels of complex behavior in biological systems, this Viewpoint strives to give some definition of the various different materials systems characteristics. In particular, the importance of thinking in the direction of training and learning materials, and metabolic or behavioral materials is highlighted, as well as communication and information‐processing systems. This Viewpoint aims to also serve as a switchboard to further connect the important fields of systems chemistry, synthetic biology, supramolecular chemistry and nano‐ and microfabrication/3D printing with advanced soft materials research. A convergence of these disciplines will be at the heart of empowering future adaptive and interactive materials systems with increasingly complex and emergent life‐like behavior.
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In this paper, dense ( )PZN–( )PZT ceramics were prepared at sintering temperatures as low as 950 °C with PZN ratios of , 0.5, and 0.6. The 0.4PZN–0.6PZT composition was found to crystallize in the perovskite phase at this ...
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In this paper, dense ( )PZN–( )PZT ceramics were prepared at sintering temperatures as low as 950 °C with PZN ratios of , 0.5, and 0.6. The 0.4PZN–0.6PZT composition was found to crystallize in the perovskite phase at this sintering temperature without the presence of any other secondary phases. Higher electrical and electromechanical properties were obtained from the 0.4PZN–0.6PZT composition compared with the and counterparts. Dielectric constant, piezoelectric charge coefficient, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and mechanical quality factor of 0.4PZN–0.6PZT were found to be 2608, 477 pC/N, 64.4, and 65, respectively. While the Curie temperature was 140 °C for pure PZN, the Curie temperature was measured as 300 °C for composition. Green PZN–PZT fibers with circular cross section were drawn using alginate gelation method from the 0.4PZN–0.6PZT composition. Dense fibers were obtained after the sintering process, and piezocomposites were prepared with 1–3 connectivity using fibers with an average diameter of 600 . Composites with volume fraction of 20 vol% were investigated for passive acoustic sensor applications. Electrical properties of piezocomposites were found to be scalable and compatible with the electrical properties of the bulk composition. The dielectric constant, piezoelectric charge coefficient, and maximum strain valu- of the PZN–PZT 1–3 piezocomposite were measured as 345, 165 pC/N, and 0.13%, respectively.
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The emergence of 2D polarized materials, including ferromagnetic, ferrovalley, and ferroelectric materials, has demonstrated unique quantum behaviors at atomic scales. These polarization behaviors are tightly bonded to the new deg...
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The emergence of 2D polarized materials, including ferromagnetic, ferrovalley, and ferroelectric materials, has demonstrated unique quantum behaviors at atomic scales. These polarization behaviors are tightly bonded to the new degrees of freedom (DOFs) for next generation information storage and processing, which have been dramatically developed in the past few years. Here, the basic 2D polarized materials system and related devices' application in spintronics, valleytronics, and electronics are reviewed. Specifically, the underlying physical mechanism accompanied with symmetry broken theory and the modulation process through heterostructure engineering are highlighted. These summarized works focusing on the 2D polarization would continue to enrich the cognition of 2D quantum system and promising practical applications.
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Variational approaches for nonlinear elasticity show that Hill's incremental formulation for the prediction of the overall behaviour of heterogeneous materials yields estimates which are too stiff and may even violate rigorous bou...
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Variational approaches for nonlinear elasticity show that Hill's incremental formulation for the prediction of the overall behaviour of heterogeneous materials yields estimates which are too stiff and may even violate rigorous bounds. This paper aims at proposing an alternative 'affine' formulation, based on a linear thermoelastic comparison medium, which could yield softer estimates. It is first described for nonlinear elasticity and specified by making use of Hashin--Shtrikman estimates for the linear comparison composite; the associated affine self-consistent predictions are satisfactorily compared with incremental and tangent ones for power-law creeping polycrystals. Comparison is then made with the second-order procedure (Ponte Castaneda, P., l996. Exact second-order estimates for the effective mechanical properties of nonlinear composite materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 44 (6), 827--862) and some limitations of the affine method are pointed out; explicit comparisons between different procedures are performed for isotropic, two-phase materials. Finally, the affine formulation is extended to history-dependent behaviours, application to the self consistent modelling of the elastoplastic behaviour of polycrystals shows that it offers an improved alternative to Hill's incremental formulation.
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Les quelques exemples de materiaux actifs, intelligents et adaptatifs decrits dans cet article donnent un apergu de I'immense potentiel de cette nouvelle generation de materiaux : des produits industriels innovants sont en cows de...
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Les quelques exemples de materiaux actifs, intelligents et adaptatifs decrits dans cet article donnent un apergu de I'immense potentiel de cette nouvelle generation de materiaux : des produits industriels innovants sont en cows de developpement, qui devraient conduire a une explosion de nouvelles possibilites, voire a de veritables sauts technologiques.
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Incompressible materials, such as filled rubbers and biological tissues, may exhibit high nonlinear and anisotropic inelastic responses induced by deformations when subject to large strains. The constitutive modeling area has focu...
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Incompressible materials, such as filled rubbers and biological tissues, may exhibit high nonlinear and anisotropic inelastic responses induced by deformations when subject to large strains. The constitutive modeling area has focused on describing the anisotropic behavior of viscosity and damage. However, coupled anisotropic inelastic effects are still a major challenge, with few contributions in the literature. This paper then presents a variational full-network framework capable of representing coupled anisotropic damage and viscoelasticity responses induced by deformation. The proposal extends a variational family to include the advantages of the full-network framework to deal with anisotropic behaviors. Approximations of the potential energies used on the full-network integration scheme associate the inelastic scalar variables at each material point with the quadrature points directions, resulting naturally in a set of scalar minimization problems. Numerical tests are presented to show the ability of the framework to represent anisotropic damage and viscoelasticity. Two variational models, specialized for filled rubber and soft biological tissues, are also implemented on finite element software to assess the model into practical applications. The results show the proposed model's versatility to simulate anisotropic viscoelasticity, anisotropic mechanical damage, and viscous and damage coupled phenomena, maintaining accuracy for large strain and time increments.
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'Clinking' is an audible fracture that occurs during the cool down and reheating of as-cast high alloy materials. When this process occurs, audible fracture can be heard and observed as large transverse cracks that propagate throu...
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'Clinking' is an audible fracture that occurs during the cool down and reheating of as-cast high alloy materials. When this process occurs, audible fracture can be heard and observed as large transverse cracks that propagate through large slabs. This causes high material losses and major disruption to processing operations. Given the fracture is known to be brittle, this research is aimed at developing a way to predict the onset of clinking through the application of fracture mechanics. Linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics were both used to assess the fracture behaviour. The stress state during cool down and reheating was estimated through finite element analysis using a three-dimensional finite element model. Tensile tests were conducted to obtain the stress-strain characteristics to be used in the fracture analysis. Charpy tests were completed to assess the relative toughness dependent on temperature across the temperature range for which the high alloy steel is susceptible to clinking. Four C(T) specimens were tested at a room temperature. Despite showing little ductile crack propagation on the fracture surface, the fractured samples did not meet the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) validity criterion but did meet the Jc validity criterion. This allows a minimum Jc value of 118 N/mm to be attributed to the onset of unstable fracture. Conversion into a KJc gives 164MPm, which gives a minimum critical crack length of 138 mm for the onset of brittle fracture. Charpy tests showed a pronounced increase in the energy for fracture between 20 celcius and 300 celcius which is in line with practical observations, where the onset of clinking is reduced with a higher reheat temperature.
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