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This article continues the discussion begun in an earlier article in which the role of ultrasound in assessing sports injuries of the upper extremity was compared with that of MRI . The interested reader is directed to that public...
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This article continues the discussion begun in an earlier article in which the role of ultrasound in assessing sports injuries of the upper extremity was compared with that of MRI . The interested reader is directed to that publication for additional information regarding the basic principles of ultrasound imaging of the extremities.
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This article reports on the use of a theoretical model addressing integrated self-awareness in the treatment of individuals with traumatic brain injury. The Self- Determination Model, developed by ReMed a community-based provider ...
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This article reports on the use of a theoretical model addressing integrated self-awareness in the treatment of individuals with traumatic brain injury. The Self- Determination Model, developed by ReMed a community-based provider of post-acute services, is presented here along with three case studies. The ability for an individual with a traumatic brain injury to monitor their own behavior is essential to increase their levels of independence in their activities of daily living and in handling social situations. The Self-determination Model is an interventive practice model to assist individuals in home and community based long-term rehabilitation settings in developing self-awareness.
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Facial injuries can pose a large health burden for athletes, potentially resulting in time loss and surgery. This article reviews the incidence, common mechanisms, and risk factors of facial injuries in several sports globally. Es...
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Facial injuries can pose a large health burden for athletes, potentially resulting in time loss and surgery. This article reviews the incidence, common mechanisms, and risk factors of facial injuries in several sports globally. Estimates of facial injury rates are complicated by a lack of, or inconsistent, reporting on specific types of injury. Much of the epidemiologic literature is based on hospital-based injury surveillance and there is a paucity of literature examining sport-specific risk factors. Future research should focus on prospective injury surveillance methodologies with consistent injury definitions examining risk factors and the effectiveness of facial injury prevention efforts.
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The importance of physical activity during childhood and adolescence has come to light, with an increase in sports-related acute traumatic and overuse injuries as a major disadvantage. A solid understanding of the physiology of th...
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The importance of physical activity during childhood and adolescence has come to light, with an increase in sports-related acute traumatic and overuse injuries as a major disadvantage. A solid understanding of the physiology of the growing skeleton, together with knowledge about age- and sex-related differences in the occurrence of acute traumatic and overuse injuries is necessary. Every musculoskeletal radiologist should also be familiar with the appearances of these injuries on different imaging modalities. This review focuses on all these aspects concerning acute traumatic and overuse injuries among children and adolescents.
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There is evidence that eye protection, mouth guards, helmets, and face guards are effective in reducing the risk of facial injury; however, such safety practices are not adopted universally by all athletes playing high risk sports...
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There is evidence that eye protection, mouth guards, helmets, and face guards are effective in reducing the risk of facial injury; however, such safety practices are not adopted universally by all athletes playing high risk sports. Underlying beliefs about risk perception, comfort, ineffectiveness, utility, and a lack of awareness or enforcement have been identified as reasons people may not adopt preventive measures. There are several high-risk sports that have not mandated or do not enforce use of protective equipment. Valid evidence can assist with addressing the resistance caused by prevailing beliefs and could be essential in influencing rule changes.
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Penetrating orbital-cranial injuries (POCIs) are difficult cases especially in hospitals in low-middle-income countries (LMIC) where resources are limited. We present a case series of POCI managed in a university hospital in such ...
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Penetrating orbital-cranial injuries (POCIs) are difficult cases especially in hospitals in low-middle-income countries (LMIC) where resources are limited. We present a case series of POCI managed in a university hospital in such scenario. A retrospective case series was conducted including patients with POCI in 2011. Mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale score, imaging, medical and surgical management, complications, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score were analyzed. A total of 30 patients with penetrating orbital injuries were admitted from March 2011 to December 2011. Of this group, only four patients were diagnosed with cranial penetration. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed orbital fractures and injury to frontal, temporal, or occipital lobes. Urgent craniotomy with isolation of ipsilateral carotid artery was performed. GOS score at discharge was 5 in three patients and 4 in one patient. POCIs are not uncommon in hospitals of LMIC. In such scenarios, a standard approach with CT angiography and early neurosurgical intervention results in good outcome.
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This study investigates injury-related mortality and hospitalisations, during 1987-2007 in Sweden. Injuries were classified according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -8 for pre-1987 injuries, ICD-9 for 1987-1996 ...
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This study investigates injury-related mortality and hospitalisations, during 1987-2007 in Sweden. Injuries were classified according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -8 for pre-1987 injuries, ICD-9 for 1987-1996 injuries and ICD-10 for injuries occurring in 1997 and later. Data on mortality from injuries during 1987-2007 were collected from Sweden's national Cause-of-Death Register, while data concerning injury diagnoses leading to hospitalisation stays of at least 24 h, occurring during 1987-2007, were obtained from the national Patient Register. Crude rates were derived for injury-related deaths and injury-related hospitalisations for age-gender groups, using population data from Statistics Sweden. Our results showed a mixed picture of injury-related hospitalisations and deaths over the study period. Absolute numbers of injury-related deaths and injury-related hospitalisations decreased over time for the population as a whole and for many, but not all, age-gender groups. When assessing crude injury-related death rates and crude injury-related hospitalisation rates over time, as categorised by gender and age groupings, we also found unchanging or increased risks for injury-related deaths and/or hospitalisations for several age-gender groups. While Sweden has made remarkable progress in reducing injury-related deaths and hospitalisations, there are clear differences in risk that remain.
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BACKGROUND: Alpine skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports. The practice of these sports is related to traumatic injuries, some of which are severe and/or life threatening. OBJECTIVES: To identify the incidence, injury p...
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BACKGROUND: Alpine skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports. The practice of these sports is related to traumatic injuries, some of which are severe and/or life threatening. OBJECTIVES: To identify the incidence, injury patterns and associated risk factors of severe and polytraumatic injuries in South Tyrol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During four consecutive winter seasons (2001-2005), data of every patient referred to our emergency department (Bolzano-Bozen) after a skiing or snowboarding accident were collected. One hundred and five patients with an Injury Severity Score of 16 or higher were identified (90 skiers, 15 snowboarders). Statistical descriptive analyses were carried out by producing frequency tables. Chi-square test was performed to verify possible association between injury severity and type of sport. Risk factors for severe injuries were evaluated using logistic regression with robust variance estimators. RESULTS: Traumatic brain injury was the most common injury observed (51 cases), followed by vertebral injury (45 cases); 63% of the patients reported two or more associated injuries. We observed significant associations between severe spine injuries and the following risk factors: snowboarders who reported more severe injuries than skiers [odds ratio=5.89, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.31, 26.44], age classes of 40-50 years and over 60 years showed an OR of 8.10 (95% CI=1.87, 35.06) and 5.16 (95% CI=1.27, 21.01), respectively, with respect to age class (20-40 years). CONCLUSION: Severe traumatic injuries occur among skiers and snowboarders, and preventive measures such as the use of helmets and educational programs, are necessary.
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This study analyses surveillance data on school injuries. Its aim is to create a typology of injury characteristics and circumstances specifically designed to elaborate safety strategies. Seven variables describing aspects of 1260...
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This study analyses surveillance data on school injuries. Its aim is to create a typology of injury characteristics and circumstances specifically designed to elaborate safety strategies. Seven variables describing aspects of 1260 school injuries registered in a 1 year community survey were analysed simultaneously using, in sequence, the factorial analysis of correspondence (FAC) and the hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC). Relationships between injury pattern and injured pupils' school grade and gender were measured. A typology comprising five injury patterns was obtained and significant relationships were found between injury pattern and both school grade and gender. The construction of an injury typology by means of methods similar to those employed in the current study may prove of great benefit in the context of school injury prevention. Such benefit might accrue to both decision-makers concerned with setting of priorities and persons in this environment.
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Injury is a leading cause of death among children and adolescents and accounts for around 16% of the world's burden of disease reflecting the disproportionate burden of injuries among young people and added years of life lived wit...
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Injury is a leading cause of death among children and adolescents and accounts for around 16% of the world's burden of disease reflecting the disproportionate burden of injuries among young people and added years of life lived with disability. It is the poorest children in every country in the world that are at greatest risk of injury and the majority of deaths due to child injury occur in low-income and middle-income countries. The majority of injuries can be prevented or at least controlled and the costs of prevention are much lower than the costs of the consequences of injuries. But injury prevention requires good quality data monitoring and surveillance systems. This article provides an overview of child and adolescent injuries and their risk factors including socioeconomic inequality. Drawing on an original UK case study of data, it illustrates the crucial lack of data and injury surveillance systems to inform prevention.
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