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COVID-19 pandemic results in record high deaths in many countries. Although a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is now available, effective antiviral drugs to treat coronavirus diseases are not available yet. Recently, EGCG, a green tea poly...
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COVID-19 pandemic results in record high deaths in many countries. Although a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is now available, effective antiviral drugs to treat coronavirus diseases are not available yet. Recently, EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, was reported to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease, however the effect of EGCG on coronavirus replication is unknown. In this report, human coronavirus HCoV-OC43 (beta coronavirus) and HCoV-229E (alpha coronavirus) were used to examine the effect of EGCG on corona virus. EGCG treatment decreases 3CL-protease activity of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. Moreover, EGCG treatment decreased HCoV-OC43-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, we found that EGCG treatment decreased the levels of coronavirus RNA and protein in infected cell media. These results indicate that EGCG inhibits coronavirus replication. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seed storage year is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of peony seeds. It is of great significance for the development of the peony industry to carry out rapid and non-destructive year identification of pe...
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Seed storage year is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of peony seeds. It is of great significance for the development of the peony industry to carry out rapid and non-destructive year identification of peony seeds to provide a basis for the screening of aged seeds during seed breeding and processing. This study explores the feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging technology combined with machine learning methods to identify the two states of peony seeds (shelled and non-shelled) and then determines the most suitable state for the year identification of peony seeds. The two states of peony seeds (shelled and non-shelled) in 2017, 2018, and 2019 are employed as the research objects. Hyperspectral imaging data of two kinds of peony seeds in the spectral range of 935-1720 nm are collected. The machine learning methods based on the two states of peony seeds (shelled and non-shelled), including partial least squares (PLS-DA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classification models, are established and compared. It is found that the optimal year identification models of peony seeds (shelled and non-shelled) based on hyperspectral imaging technology have better recognition effects and the recognition accuracy is more than 99.5%. Moreover, the recognition accuracy of the year identification PLS-DA model established by non-shelled peony seeds is 99.96%, which is better than that of shelled peony seeds at 99.64%. This indicates that year identification of peony seeds based on hyperspectral imaging technology is feasible and efficient and that non-shelled peony seeds are more suitable for the year identification of peony seeds. The results can provide a theoretical and methodological justification for the screening of high-quality peony seeds.
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Respiratory viruses, such as Coronaviruses (CoVs), can be neuroinvasive and exacerbate neurological pathologies via their capacity for direct viral replication and/or by inducing excessive host immune responses in the Central Nerv...
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Respiratory viruses, such as Coronaviruses (CoVs), can be neuroinvasive and exacerbate neurological pathologies via their capacity for direct viral replication and/or by inducing excessive host immune responses in the Central Nervous System (CNS). HCoV-229E is a primary COVID-19 and HCoV-OC43 is a beta COVID-19 belonging to the same genus as SARS-CoV-2 and both can cause acute infections in glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and germline cells. These viruses tend to exhibit different infectivity mechanisms and HCoV-OC43 tends to be more toxic than HCoV-229E for CNS cells. To gain an in-depth understanding of how respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV, infect nerve cells (U87) and promote inflammation and determine the different mechanisms underlying HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 infection, we evaluated Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cell viability, and IL-8 absorptions. HCoV-OC43 tended to show greater cytotoxicity against U87 nerve cells than HCoV-229E. Further study into the connection between the HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 viruses and brain cell reactions will be supported by our results.
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In addition to emerging coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), there are seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs): HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. With a wide distribution around the world, HCoVs are usually associ...
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In addition to emerging coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), there are seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs): HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. With a wide distribution around the world, HCoVs are usually associated with mild respiratory disease. In the elderly, young children and immunocompromised patients, more severe or even fatal respiratory infections may be observed. In Africa, data on seasonal HCoV are scarce. This retrospective study investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of seasonal HCoVs during nine consecutive years of influenza-like illness surveillance in Senegal. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from ILI outpatients or from SARI hospitalized patients. HCoVs were diagnosed by qRT-PCR and the positive samples were selected for molecular characterization. Among 9337 samples tested for HCoV, 406 (4.3%) were positive: 235 (57.9%) OC43, 102 (25.1%) NL63, 58 (14.3%) 229E and 17 (4.2%) HKU1. The four types circulated during the study period and a peak was noted between November and January. Children under five were the most affected. Co-infections were observed between HCoV types (1.2%) or with other viruses (76.1%). Genetically, HCoVs types showed diversity. The results highlighted that the impact of HCoVs must be taken into account in public health; monitoring them is therefore particularly necessary both in the most sensitive populations and in animals.
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The study of climate and respiratory viral infections using big data may enable the recognition and interpretation of relationships between disease occurrence and climatic variables. In this study, real-time reverse transcription ...
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The study of climate and respiratory viral infections using big data may enable the recognition and interpretation of relationships between disease occurrence and climatic variables. In this study, real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods were used to identify Human respiratory coronaviruses (HCoV). infections in patients below 10 years of age with respiratory infections who visited Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan, South Korea, from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. Out of the 9010 patients who underwent respiratory virus real-time reverse transcription qPCR test, 364 tested positive for HCoV infections. Among these 364 patients, 72.8% (n = 265) were below 10 years of age. Data regarding the frequency of infections was used to uncover the seasonal pattern of the two viral strains, which was then compared with local meteorological data for the same time period. HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 showed high infection rates in patients below 10 years of age. There was a negative relationship between HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 infections with air temperature and wind-chill temperatures. Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 rates of infection were positively related to atmospheric pressure, while HCoV-229E was also positively associated with particulate matter concentrations. Our results suggest that climatic variables affect the rate in which children below 10 years of age are infected with HCoV. These findings may help to predict when prevention strategies may be most effective.
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To date, seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been detected: HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKUl, HCoV-OC43, severe acute respiratory syndrome coro-navirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS...
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To date, seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been detected: HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKUl, HCoV-OC43, severe acute respiratory syndrome coro-navirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Four of these viruses, including HCoV-NL63, -229E, -HKU1 and -OC43, usually cause mild-to-moderate respiratory diseases with a seasonal pattern. Since 2000, three new HCoVs have emerged with a significant mortality rate. Although SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV caused an epidemic in some countries, SARS-CoV-2 escalated into a pandemic. All HCoVs can cause severe complications in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. The bat origin of HCoVs, the presence of intermediate hosts and the nature of their viral replication suggest that other new coronaviruses may emerge in the future. Despite the fact that all HCoVs share similarities in viral replication, they differ in their accessory proteins, incubation period and pathogenicity. This study aims to review these differences between the seven HCoVs.
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A series of novel 1-oxo-2,3,4-trisubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) derivatives bearing other heterocyclic moieties in their structure were synthesized based on the reaction between homophthalic anhydride and imines. Initia...
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A series of novel 1-oxo-2,3,4-trisubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) derivatives bearing other heterocyclic moieties in their structure were synthesized based on the reaction between homophthalic anhydride and imines. Initial studies were carried out to establish the anti-coronavirus activity of some of the newly obtained THIQ-derivatives against two strains of human coronavirus-229E and OC-43. Their antiviral activity was compared with that of their close analogues, piperidinones and thiomorpholinones, previously synthesized in our group, with aim to expand the range of the tested representative sample and to obtain valuable preliminary information about biological properties of a wider variety of compounds.
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