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This summer, people across the U.S. will celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks displays. The stunning light shows wow viewers, but the smoke and noise they create can be harmful to people and the environment. Thankfully, rec...
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This summer, people across the U.S. will celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks displays. The stunning light shows wow viewers, but the smoke and noise they create can be harmful to people and the environment. Thankfully, recent innovations could help make fireworks safer and quieter-but just as spectacular.
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As a new variant of swarm intelligence algorithm, fireworks algorithm (FWA) has significant performance on solving single objective problems, and has been applied broadly on a number of fields. To further improve its performance, ...
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As a new variant of swarm intelligence algorithm, fireworks algorithm (FWA) has significant performance on solving single objective problems, and has been applied broadly on a number of fields. To further improve its performance, a best firework updating information guided adaptive fireworks algorithm (PgAFWA) is proposed, in which the evolving process is guided by the direction from previous best firework to the current best firework from two aspects: amplifying the explosion amplitude on the direction that the best firework is updated, and making more sparks which are generated by the best firework distributed on this direction to further enhance the exploring ability on it. Numerical experiment on CEC2015 test suite was implemented to verify performance of the proposed algorithm. The experiment results indicated that the PgAFWA outperformed the compared algorithms in terms of both convergence speed and solving quality.
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The objective of this paper is to review the practices, postures and workstations in Maltese fireworks factories which may cause back pain and musculoskeletal disorders to fireworkers. Hazards varyingfrom the toxicity of substance...
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The objective of this paper is to review the practices, postures and workstations in Maltese fireworks factories which may cause back pain and musculoskeletal disorders to fireworkers. Hazards varyingfrom the toxicity of substances used to produce colours and pyro-effects up to ergonomic adversities that such processes impose upon the workers are present in these factories. At fireworks factories, the ergonomic aspects are not considered important and this is mainly attributed to the financial aspects and traditional methods of manufacturing. Rivalry between local fireworks factories fuels this passion which forces the voluntary fireworkers to increase or maintain their yearly production and hence their exposure to such ergonomic hazards. Literature that specifically discusses ergonomics or fireworks manufacturing is readily available, but literature which combines both topics is difficult to find. Even the local legislation, mainly the Explosives Ordinance (Laws of Malta - Chapter 33) and the Occupational Health and Safety Authority Act (Laws of Malta - Chapter 424), do not cross reference each other to provide fireworkers with suitable and systematic guidelines. For this pilot study a questionnaire was designed for use as an investigative tool, to help understand the cause of fireworkers 'complaints of aches and pains (if any) during fireworks manufacturing. Results, gathered from 51 licensed fireworkers indicated that the manufacturing processes are the cause of pains located mainly in the upper part of the body. The respondents reported their pains as being frequent or occasional during an average six hour production day. Further discussion argues that these fireworks enthusiasts (the respondents) consider these reported pains as part of their job at the fireworks factories. These illnesses and ailments may be causes of minor and/or major accidents during the processes. These may even end up in injuries, deaths, news sensationalism and resurfacing protests by anti-fireworks citizens.
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Background and objective In China, fireworks are an integral part of the celebration of the annual Spring Festival, but the number of injuries associated with their private use seen in emergency rooms increases dramatically. To ra...
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Background and objective In China, fireworks are an integral part of the celebration of the annual Spring Festival, but the number of injuries associated with their private use seen in emergency rooms increases dramatically. To raise awareness and help guide future prevention practices in this city, we investigated the epidemiology of firework-related injuries presented at our trauma and burn center in Beijing during the Spring Festivals of 2007-2011. Methods Patients were interviewed using a pre-coded questionnaire to elicit information regarding age, gender, causes, injured body part, type of injury, diagnosis, and disposition. Result From 2007 to 2011, during the Spring Festivals 734 patients with fire-work related injuries were seen at our trauma and burn center in Beijing, the median patients of the five year were 140(136-150). The mean age of the patients was 26 ± 15.3 years (range, 1-95 years). Of the 734 patients, the highest proportion of injuries were the 5-14 year-old age group The majority of the patients were male (87.9%), the overall male:female ratio was 7.41:1, and males were predominant in all age groups. For all 5 years, the incidence of firework-related injuries during the Spring Festival Holidays peaked specifically on the first, fifth, and last days, respectively. Injuries were mainly due to improper handling (415/610, 68.0%) or setting off illegal fireworks (195/610, 32.0%). The most frequently injured body parts were the hands and fingers (32.0%), head or face except eyes (28.3%), and trunk (22.4%). Burns were the most common type of injury (65.7%), most of the burned patients (437/453) were between 1% and 10%, and the most common region burned were hands and fingers (218/754). Contusions or lacerations were the second common type of injury (34.3%). Most of the patients (642, 87.5%) were treated and released, while 37 (5%) were treated and transferred, and 55 (7.5%) were admitted for advanced treatment. Conclusion The private use of fireworks during the Spring Festival Holidays is associated with a considerable number of injuries to various parts of the body. We can minimize the number and severity of accidents by raising awareness of safety practices, encouraging professional displays only and motivating manufacturers to adhere to strict quality control.
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In the Netherlands, it is a tradition of setting off fireworks to celebrate the turn of the year. In our medical facility, each year patients with severe skeletal maxillofacial trauma inflicted by recreational fireworks are encoun...
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In the Netherlands, it is a tradition of setting off fireworks to celebrate the turn of the year. In our medical facility, each year patients with severe skeletal maxillofacial trauma inflicted by recreational fireworks are encountered. We present two cases of patients with severe blast injury to the face, caused by direct impact of rockets, and thereby try to contribute to the limited literature on facial blast injuries, their treatment, and clinical outcome. These patients require multidisciplinary treatment, involving multiple reconstructive surgeries, and the overall recovery process is long. The severity of these traumas raises questions about the firework traditions and legislations not only in the Netherlands but also worldwide. Therefore, the authors support restrictive laws on personal use of fireworks in the Netherlands.
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Inspired by fireworks explosion at night, conventional fireworks algorithm (FWA) was developed in 2010. Since then, several improvements and applications were proposed to improve the efficiency of FWA. In this paper, the conventio...
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Inspired by fireworks explosion at night, conventional fireworks algorithm (FWA) was developed in 2010. Since then, several improvements and applications were proposed to improve the efficiency of FWA. In this paper, the conventional fireworks algorithm is first summarized and three improved fireworks algorithms are provided. By changing the ways of calculating the numbers and amplitudes of sparks in fireworks 'explosion, the improved FWA algorithms become more reasonable and explainable. In addition, the multi-objective fireworks algorithm and the graphic processing unit (GPU) based fireworks algorithm are also presented, particularly the GPU based fireworks algorithm is able to speed up the optimization process considerably. Extensive experiments on 13 benchmark functions demonstrate that the three improved fireworks algorithms significantly increase the accuracy of found solutions, yet decrease the running time dramatically. At last, some applications of fireworks algorithm are briefly described, while its shortcomings and future research directions are identified.
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Large quantities of a wide range of materials, including fireworks, are shipped around the world in steel ISO-containers. In recent years, manufacturers and retailers have increasingly used such containers to store a large proport...
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Large quantities of a wide range of materials, including fireworks, are shipped around the world in steel ISO-containers. In recent years, manufacturers and retailers have increasingly used such containers to store a large proportion of their fireworks. Each container can be large enough to store tonnes of different types, ranging from small fireworks for indoor use to large fireworks for professional display operators only. While the most likely time for a firework incident to occur is when they are being used, some of the most catastrophic incidents have occurred during storage. Generally, this is because more fireworks are available to become involved in the explosion. An example, which is the major firework storage incident in Europe over the last 30 years, is without doubt the violent and devastating explosion that occurred at Enschede, in 2000. However, smaller but no less dangerous explosions have occurred during this period. This paper aims to provide an overview of the most significant of these incidents and discusses the underlying causes and the consequences.
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In 2013 a series of explosions occurred in a fireworks facility. The first three explosions occurred in close sequence, near the depots no. 4 and 5, where fireworks were stored. The blast caused three fatalities. The depots explod...
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In 2013 a series of explosions occurred in a fireworks facility. The first three explosions occurred in close sequence, near the depots no. 4 and 5, where fireworks were stored. The blast caused three fatalities. The depots exploded almost simultaneously, involving all the explosive content.
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Junior et al. (J Appl Probab 48:624-636, 2011) studied a model to understand the spread of a rumour. Their model consists of individuals situated at the integer points of the line N. An individual at the origin 0 starts a rumour a...
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Junior et al. (J Appl Probab 48:624-636, 2011) studied a model to understand the spread of a rumour. Their model consists of individuals situated at the integer points of the line N. An individual at the origin 0 starts a rumour and passes it to all individuals in the interval [0,R0], where R0 is a non-negative random variable. An individual located at i in this interval receives the rumour and transmits it further among individuals in [i,i+Ri] where R0 and Ri are i.i.d. random variables. The rumour spreads in this manner. An alternate model considers individuals seeking to find the rumour from individuals who have already heard it. For this s/he asks individuals to the left of her/him and lying in an interval of a random size. We study these two models, when the individuals are more sceptical and they transmit or accept the rumour only if they receive it from at least two different sources. In stochastic geometry the equivalent of this rumour process is the study of coverage of the space Nd by random sets. Our study here extends the study of coverage of space and considers the case when each vertex of Nd is covered by at least two distinct random sets.
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