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With this presentation, I am initiating the publication of a series of interviews with outstanding psychiatrists of the past and present, with the unifying theme of their interests and contribution to the topic of clinical depress...
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With this presentation, I am initiating the publication of a series of interviews with outstanding psychiatrists of the past and present, with the unifying theme of their interests and contribution to the topic of clinical depression. Of all potential interviewees, all but one consented to participate and authorized publication of the edited interviews. Organization and transcription of the primary audiotapes for editing and publication was made possible years later with the generous assistance of Ms. Anne Farmer. In the intervening years, Dr. David Healy published a series of books based on his taped interviews of well-known psychopharmacologists (volume IV is now in preparation). This work provided additional stimulus to prepare my interview material for publication. Moreover, research collaborator, Prof. Ross J. Baldessarini of Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital in Boston, has repeatedly encouraged me to finish and publish the project, and provided valuable assistance in editing the final manuscripts. Recently, publisher Giovanni Fioriti ventured the opinion that the material might be of considerable value, particularly since most of the participants were becoming elderly at the time of the interviews, and many are now deceased.
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[1] In recent years, it has been observed that there are different types of El Ni?o events. The warm events can be divided into two categories: those centered in the central Pacific (CP) and those centered in the eastern Pacific (...
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[1] In recent years, it has been observed that there are different types of El Ni?o events. The warm events can be divided into two categories: those centered in the central Pacific (CP) and those centered in the eastern Pacific (EP). We examined the variability of western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) horizontal migration and size from January 1982 to December 2011 by applying Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Hilbert-Huang Spectrum (HHS) to the optimally interpolated sea surface temperature (OISST) data set. The analysis shows that the long-term residual trend of the zonal centroid movement is migrating to the west by 3.78° from the mean location during the past 30 years. The size of the warm pool has also increased 18% during this period. These analysis techniques isolated two separate time series for the migration of the zonal component of the WPWP for both CP and EP events and showed that these two types of El Ni?o generally operate at different time scales. The EP time series shows the strong traditional EP El Ni?o and the transition between strong El Ni?o conditions and La Ni~na conditions. The CP time series shows that CP El Ni?os occur more often than EP El Ni?os. The changes of El Ni?o type in conjunction with westward drift and increasing warm pool size shows an interesting multidecadal change in the warm pool. Potential mechanisms relating the Pacific Decadal Oscillation to El Ni?o typologies were also discussed.
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Magneto-sensitive elastomers (MSEs) are composite materials with ferromagnetic particles embedded in rubber matrices. Their mechanical properties can be changed by applying an external magnetic field. Although their stiffness and ...
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Magneto-sensitive elastomers (MSEs) are composite materials with ferromagnetic particles embedded in rubber matrices. Their mechanical properties can be changed by applying an external magnetic field. Although their stiffness and damper properties have been extensively studied, only a few studies have been involved with their magnetostriction behaviors, which have potential applications in sensors. To observe the interaction mechanisms between mechanical and magnetic fields and to investigate the magnetostrictive effect numerically, a novel magneto-structural coupling algorithm was developed. A magnetostrictive test system was also developed and fabricated for validating the simulation method. Several MSE samples embedded with millimeter-sized particles were fabricated and tested. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental results. Also both of them showed negative magnetostrictive strains for the specified samples and test conditions in this study. The contributions of four influencing factors were evaluated, and some results were concluded. Before magnetic saturation, the bigger the magnetic field strength is, the stronger the magnetostrictive effect is, and their relationship follows a quadratic polynomial expression. The closer the distance between two adjacent particles is, the stronger the magnetostrictive effect is, and their relationship satisfies a cubic polynomial equation. The higher the particle volume fraction is, the stronger the magnetostrictive effect is, and there is a linear relationship between them. The particle diameter has little influence on the magnetostrictive effect.
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In this section we take a closer look at certain special cosmoi, in particular cosmoi of (differential graded) R-modules for a commutative ring R. In this case we can further simplify the recognition principle. This section contai...
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In this section we take a closer look at certain special cosmoi, in particular cosmoi of (differential graded) R-modules for a commutative ring R. In this case we can further simplify the recognition principle. This section contains generalizations of results found in [56], adapted to the setting of more general cosmoi.
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The Rusnanotech International Nanotechnology Forumopened in November 2010 in Moscowat the Expocenter Central Exhibition Complexgathered over 3,000 Russian and foreign scientists, politicians,entrepreneurs and representatives of bu...
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The Rusnanotech International Nanotechnology Forumopened in November 2010 in Moscowat the Expocenter Central Exhibition Complexgathered over 3,000 Russian and foreign scientists, politicians,entrepreneurs and representatives of business circlesfrom all over the world. In three years this forum has becomea recognized discussion venue to consider innovative problemsof current interest. 35 regions of Russia and 12 other countries(Austria, Great Britain, Germany, Iran, Israel, Holland,USA, Finland, France, Czechia, Switzerland and Japan) exhibitedunique products manufactured on the basis of nanotechnologies andsample equipment designed for nanoindustry.
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For most of the 20~(th) century, astronomers had no solid evidence that planets existed outside of our solar system. The first widely accepted exoplanet discovery came in 1992, when regular variations in the period of pulses from ...
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For most of the 20~(th) century, astronomers had no solid evidence that planets existed outside of our solar system. The first widely accepted exoplanet discovery came in 1992, when regular variations in the period of pulses from a millisecond pulsar—a rapidly spinning neutron star—showed the presence of two planets. Three years later, the first extrasolar planet orbiting a main-sequence star—a Jupiter-sized giant a mere seven million kilometers from its sun—was discovered from periodic changes in Doppler shifts of stellar spectral lines. And 1999 brought the first successful detection of an exoplanet transit across the face of its host star.
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A new index was used to describe and quantify claw asymmetry for American lobsters, Homarus americanus. Length : width (L:W) ratios were calculated for each claw, and a measure of claw asymmetry (C-a) was computed as the percent r...
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A new index was used to describe and quantify claw asymmetry for American lobsters, Homarus americanus. Length : width (L:W) ratios were calculated for each claw, and a measure of claw asymmetry (C-a) was computed as the percent reduction in the claw with the smaller L:W ratio. Fourth stage (first benthic stage) lobsters had relatively symmetrical claws, with L:W ratios of 4.3 in the cutter and 4.1 in the crusher claw, and a corresponding C-a value of 5.4%. Hatchery animals that could not differentially exercise one claw maintained a low average C-a value (2.5%). In adult animals, the L:W ratio decreased to a minimum of 2.7 for cutter claws, and 2.0 for crusher claws, giving a C-a value of 25.9%. This method was then used to assess claw development in animals exposed to one of four different natural substrates (cobble, shell, sand, and plant) in a hatchery setting. The development of claw asymmetry is known to be a function of increased exercise in one claw, and substrates allowing for more exercise should exhibit faster, greater asymmetry. It was observed that the overall morphology of claws changes greatly between the sixth and seventh stage. Although no treatment differences were observed at the sixth stage, by the seventh stage, animals subjected to shell substrate yielded significantly more asymmetrical claws. Thus, where lobsters settle can have a dramatic impact on the rate of development of claw asymmetry with potential fitness consequences.
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The question trying to be answered is how does nanosilver in consumer products affect marine life? Nanosilver is a particle found in many products, such as makeup and sportswear, that gets washed down the drain and is discharged i...
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The question trying to be answered is how does nanosilver in consumer products affect marine life? Nanosilver is a particle found in many products, such as makeup and sportswear, that gets washed down the drain and is discharged into lakes and rivers where aquatic life is exposed to it. The reason the project is being done is to see if nanosilver has a positive, negative, or no effect on marine life. This research is being done because nanosilver is used in more than 400 consumer products. The hypothesis is "if higher concentrations of nanosilver are introduced to the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna, then they would have an increased death rate." The independent variable is the concentration of nanosilver. The dependent variable is the number of dead Daphnia magno in each nanosilver concentration tested. Some constant variables are the initial number of Daphnia magna in each cup, the temperature of the room, the temperature of the water, the size of the cups, the amount of water put in each cup, and the time of measurement. The control of the experiment is the cup without any nanosilver. The variables were tested using a microscope to observe the Daphnia magna's heart. The results were that the Daphnia magna living in the cups with a nanosilver concentration of 0 μg/L had the highest survival rate. The hypothesis if higher concentrations of nanosilver are introduced to the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna, then they would have an increased death rate is supported by the results.
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In my dual roles as a palliative care physician and philosopher- bioethicist, I am often struck by the seeming “disconnect” between largely agreed-upon moral norms— as espoused in the bioethics literature, outlined by professio...
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In my dual roles as a palliative care physician and philosopher- bioethicist, I am often struck by the seeming “disconnect” between largely agreed-upon moral norms— as espoused in the bioethics literature, outlined by professional guidelines, embodied in institutional and national policies, and upheld by court rulings—and the actual clinical practices that I witness on a regular basis. Perhaps nowhere is this disconnect more apparent than in decisions concerning the withdrawal or withholding of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH). While my palliative care colleagues and I are often called upon to explain the limited benefits and medical risks of ANH to angst-ridden families grappling with the life-limiting illness of a loved one, the article “Comfort Measures for Severe Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Patient’s Last Wish” (Baek 2016) highlights the moral distress frequently experienced by health care providers, who also wrestle with such decisions, even when families’ wishes are clear in choosing to forgo ANH.
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS)—a neurosurgical procedure in which electrodes are used to stimulate regions of the brain—is being investigated as a therapy for treatment- resistant depression. Lawrence and colleagues (2019) note th...
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS)—a neurosurgical procedure in which electrodes are used to stimulate regions of the brain—is being investigated as a therapy for treatment- resistant depression. Lawrence and colleagues (2019) note that this experimental therapy is the subject of controversy within neuroethics. In particular, they reference worries that depressive patients’ beliefs and decisions concerning DBS may be compromised. They highlight possibilities that patients may be unable to cogently evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of DBS; may make decisions out of desperation; or may, due to media portrayal, have inflated hopes about the effectiveness of DBS (Lawrence et al. 2019). In evaluating these ethical concerns, the authors also consider the possibility that patients’ beliefs and decision-making processes may be affected by relational vulnerabilities, that is, vulnerabilities arising from the effects of patients’ interpersonal relationships (Lawrence et al. 2019).
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