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The wuli, shili, renli (WSR) systems methodology (an oriental systems approach to the dynamic unification of the study of the objective world, organization, and human factors during intervention) is discussed. After a brief descri...
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The wuli, shili, renli (WSR) systems methodology (an oriental systems approach to the dynamic unification of the study of the objective world, organization, and human factors during intervention) is discussed. After a brief description of WSR, the paper concentrates on its application to the development of a computer-supported water resources management system. The working process of the WSR approach is illustrated through this case study.
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This paper presents an outline of an Oriental systems methodology: the Wuli Shili Renli approach (WSR). The basic theme of WSR contends that wuli (regularities in Objective existence), shili (ways of seeing and doing), and renli (...
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This paper presents an outline of an Oriental systems methodology: the Wuli Shili Renli approach (WSR). The basic theme of WSR contends that wuli (regularities in Objective existence), shili (ways of seeing and doing), and renli (patterns underlying Human relations) constitute a differentiated whole that conditions systems projects. WSR suggests that we should design and employ appropriate methods to address and Tackle wuli shili and renli elements in a theoretically informed and systemic way. The background, philosophy, process, principles, and some practical applications of The methodology are preliminarily outlined.
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This short paper introduces a special issue of Systemic Practice and Action Research on new developments in Chinese systems practice. It focuses on the recent history of systems thinking in China, describing a paradigm shift that ...
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This short paper introduces a special issue of Systemic Practice and Action Research on new developments in Chinese systems practice. It focuses on the recent history of systems thinking in China, describing a paradigm shift that is currently taking place from an "objectivist" to a more pluralistic stance. Details are provided of the hull-Beijing research program, which has contributed to this paradigm shift. In one way or another, all the papers in this special issue can be seen as having a connection with this research program.
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A large-scale enclosure experiment for lake restoration was carried out in Lake Wuli, a northern bay of shallow and eutrophic Lake Taihu in China. The large enclosure with an area of 10 ha was set up in the littoral zone and was b...
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A large-scale enclosure experiment for lake restoration was carried out in Lake Wuli, a northern bay of shallow and eutrophic Lake Taihu in China. The large enclosure with an area of 10 ha was set up in the littoral zone and was bordered by waterproof fabric which did not cover the sediments. Multiple approaches were used and included fish removal, piscivorous fish stocking, shoreline reconstruction, aquatic macrophyte planting, benthic macro-animal stocking, and silver carp cultivation in pens for reduction of cyanobacteria. The results showed that the coverage of aquatic macrophytes increased from 0% to 45.7%. Mean concentrations of TN and TP inside the enclosure from May 2004 to May 2008 were 22.2% and 26.0% of those outside, respectively. Secchi depth was 0.40 m outside the enclosures and 0.75 m inside. However, responses of phytoplankton to the restoration project lagged behind improvement of water quality and reestablishment of aquatic plants. The phytoplankton biomass gradually decreased after the third year of the restoration. Stocking piscivorous fish and planting submerged macrophytes could not increase zooplankton biomass and enhance graze pressure on phytoplankton, most likely due to high omnivorous fish density and lower nutrition inside the enclosure. Higher grazing pressure of zooplankton on phytoplankton was observed in May and October every year. Zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratios were significantly negatively correlated with phytoplankton biomass outside (r = -0.440, p < 0.01) and inside the enclosure (r = -0.336, p < 0.05) from February 2004 to March 2007. Therefore, phytoplankton biomass inside and outside the enclosure was lower in May and October. Higher grazing pressure of zooplankton on phytoplankton in spring may result in occurrence of the clear-water phase that facilitated growth of submerged macrophytes in the littoral in Lake Wuli, and a clear-water state and improved water quality would likely be sustained throughout the year after reestablishment of submerged macrophytes.
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This report analyses the relevant factors that influence the restoration of macrophytes in hypertrophic water bodies, including hydrology, water quality and sediment. Wuli Lake in China is used as a case study for the goal of achi...
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This report analyses the relevant factors that influence the restoration of macrophytes in hypertrophic water bodies, including hydrology, water quality and sediment. Wuli Lake in China is used as a case study for the goal of achieving limno-ecosystem protection and sustainable development. This report also identifies and discusses some potential macrophyte restoration measures, including pollution control at the source and reducing external pollutant loads to the lake, and environmental restoration measures to improve lake water quality and sediment conditions. The potential for the sustainable management of the lake ecosystem also was explored from the perspective of new restoration systems and mechanisms.
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The biological indicators are rarely used in CCME WQI, for the objective thresholds of most biological indicators are ambiguous. To solve this problem, this study establishes an improved CCME WQI model based on variable fuzzy set ...
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The biological indicators are rarely used in CCME WQI, for the objective thresholds of most biological indicators are ambiguous. To solve this problem, this study establishes an improved CCME WQI model based on variable fuzzy set theory. The water quality of Wuli Lake is assessed as an illustration; and the result shows that its water quality condition is "fair", and more measures should be adopted to control the internal phosphorus releasing and the reproduction of cyanobacteria in summer and autumn. Moreover, compared with the conventional CCME CQI, the improved CCME WQI is more comprehensive, for it not only takes the aquatic physic-chemical condition into consideration, but also introduces the biological indicators into evaluation.
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Our study assessed the actual water situation in the estuarine area of Lake Wuli, Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China, based on eutrophication levels and status of water quality using the trophic level index (TLI) and water quality in...
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Our study assessed the actual water situation in the estuarine area of Lake Wuli, Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China, based on eutrophication levels and status of water quality using the trophic level index (TLI) and water quality index (WQI) methods. In the wet (August 2017) and dry (March 2018) seasons, 22 estuarine areas were tested at 69 sampling sites, which included lake and rivers. Five parameters-chlorophyll a (Chl-a), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Secchi disk (SD) and permanganate index (CODMn)-were measured to calculate the TLI, and 15 parameters-temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), TN, TP, ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), CODMn, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-) and phosphate (PO4-P)-were measured to calculate the WQI. The average TLI and WQI values in the wet season were 61.69 and 60.70, respectively, and the eutrophication level and water quality status were worse than that in the dry season (TLI: 57.40, WQI: 65.74). Significant differences were observed between three parts of Lake Wuli(West, Middle and East). Regardless of wet or dry season, East Wuli had worse eutrophication levels and water quality status than the other parts, whereas West Wuli showed less severe levels. DO, TN and CODMn used in the minimum WQI (WQI(min)) were the most effective parameters in our study. WQI(min) had stricter standards than WQI when analyzing water quality in the estuarine area of Wulihu. Factor analysis from principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that N might be the main factor affecting water quality of the most eastern sites in the wet season, and P may be the main factor in the dry season. Our results provide a valuable contribution to inform decision-making for the management of water environments by providing the actual water situation of the estuarine area of Lake Wuli. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The Wuli and Saihan sags in the Erlian Basin, the most petroliferous basin in northern China, were analysed with bulk geochemical analysis, carbon isotopic composition, microthermometry of fluid inclusions, and basin modelling to ...
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The Wuli and Saihan sags in the Erlian Basin, the most petroliferous basin in northern China, were analysed with bulk geochemical analysis, carbon isotopic composition, microthermometry of fluid inclusions, and basin modelling to characterize the organic matter abundance and composition, to construct source rock development models, and to reveal the relationship between source rock development and hydrocarbon accumulation. The samples display wide variations in total organic carbon content and Rock-Eval indices, suggesting heterogeneity of organic matter richness and type. The Wuli Sag has oxic depositional environment, high productivity, and high total organic carbon content; the effective oil source rocks are mainly distributed in the deep sag where the productivity is high; and there is plenty of organic matter left and preserved after degradation. In the Saihan Sag, there is a small amount of organic matter deposited because of low productivity; the effective oil source rocks are mainly distributed in the slope by the deep sag where the reducing degree is the strongest. The source rock development models controlled the geochemical characteristics and distribution of source rocks, which are the keys to hydrocarbon potential and accumulation. The oil of Wuli Sag is mainly distributed in the deep sag, whereas the oil of Saihan Sag is mainly distributed in the slope by deep sag, which is in agreement with the previously effective oil source rocks distribution. In the strong division sags, the region where source rock distributed is beneficial to hydrocarbon accumulation. The conclusions may have important implications for petroleum exploration in other small lacustrine depositional systems.
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Abstract This is the second of a series of papers that present a systems approach to management from China: wuli–shili–renli (WSR). The paper focuses on an updated reconstruction of the WSR notions. In WSR 2.0, wuli is defined a...
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Abstract This is the second of a series of papers that present a systems approach to management from China: wuli–shili–renli (WSR). The paper focuses on an updated reconstruction of the WSR notions. In WSR 2.0, wuli is defined as characteristics and regularities of objective existence, shili as means and methods for knowing and doing and renli as principles and norms that guide collective actions toward higher purpose. Issues emerging from recent theorising and applying WSR notions are discussed.
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