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Objectives To investigate self-reported sleep duration, sleep timing, sleep status and influencing factors in the Chinese population. Methods This web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022, covering 31 provinces (91%)...
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Objectives To investigate self-reported sleep duration, sleep timing, sleep status and influencing factors in the Chinese population. Methods This web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022, covering 31 provinces (91%) in China. 11,000 questionnaires were collected, of which 8970 were valid for analysis. Self-reported sleep habits, problems and quality were investigated. Good or fair sleep ratings, enough duration, regular, with no sleep disturbances and <30 min sleep latency was defined as a composite variable: ‘Good sleep’. Factors influencing sleep patterns and ‘Good sleep’ were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Most participants sleep less than 7 h per night (55.13%), usually go to bed at 10–12 pm (47.99%), wake up at 6–8 am (49.86%), and take less than 30 min to fall asleep (66.30%) with regular sleep schedule (76.01%). Only 12.36% have ‘Good sleep’. In the past 3 months, 46.80% of the participants reported symptoms of insomnia, and 21.54% had snoring problems. Among the adults, the young, males, college students, freelancers, and those who resided in urban areas and pandemic-free areas slept later, and the northerners woke up earlier. The adults with low-moderate and moderate income and the minors at elementary and middle school slept earlier and woke up earlier. Mid-aged adults who often napped at noon were more likely to have ‘Good sleep’ than any other age group, and urban dwellers with the same habit were more likely to have ‘Good sleep’ than people dwelled in other regions. While people who slept late, woke up too early or too late, slept too little or too much, resided at GMT 7–8 area or pandemic area, had high income, or took up some occupations (entrepreneurs/individuals, professionals, manual and non-manual workers, housewives) were less likely to get a ‘Good sleep’. Conclusions The national survey provided a sleep profile of the Chinese population. Both socio-economic status and personal sleep hygiene habits had an impact on ‘Good sleep’.
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Sleep plays an important role in homeostasis, brain plasticity, clearance of neurotoxins, cognition, memory, concentration, performance, and the regulation of the temperature, endocrine and immunological systems. Insufficient, dis...
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Sleep plays an important role in homeostasis, brain plasticity, clearance of neurotoxins, cognition, memory, concentration, performance, and the regulation of the temperature, endocrine and immunological systems. Insufficient, disorganized, and poor-quality sleep impacts performance, cognition, and safety, carries social and economic consequences and predisposes to obesity, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, arterial hypertension, diabetes, stroke, coronary arterial disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and anxiety. Consequently, the search of sleeping well and sufficiently aims to be happy, healthy, and being productive at work, social and family levels. Therefore, one of the fundamental pillars of health is sleeping an adequate number of hours, follow regular sleep-wake habits and identify sleep disorders. There is a wide variety of sleep disorders that may impact the patient quality of life such as obstructive sleep apnea, chronic insomnia, narcolepsy, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and Kleine-Levin syndrome. The need to study sleep and its disturbances made the appearance of Sleep Medicine. This is a relatively new discipline that was born in the second half of the twentieth century and aims to promote good sleep hygiene and detect and treat those sleep disorders impairing the subject quality of life. Moreover, the field has expanded to fields such as the evaluation of pediatrics, women, aging, shift work, sports, forensic aspects, and its socioeconomic impact.
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Purpose A literature review is presented that aims to summarize and compare current methods to evaluate sleep. Methods Current sleep assessment methods have been classified according to different criteria; e.g., objective (polysom...
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Purpose A literature review is presented that aims to summarize and compare current methods to evaluate sleep. Methods Current sleep assessment methods have been classified according to different criteria; e.g., objective (polysomnography, actigraphy…) vs. subjective (sleep questionnaires, diaries…), contact vs. contactless devices, and need for medical assistance vs. self-assessment. A comparison of validation studies is carried out for each method, identifying their sensitivity and specificity reported in the literature. Finally, the state of the market has also been reviewed with respect to customers’ opinions about current sleep apps. Results A taxonomy that classifies the sleep detection methods. A description of each method that includes the tendencies of their underlying technologies analyzed in accordance with the literature. A comparison in terms of precision of existing validation studies and reports. Discussion In order of accuracy, sleep detection methods may be arranged as follows: Questionnaire?<?Sleep diary?<?Contactless devices?<?Contact devices?<?Polysomnography A literature review suggests that current subjective methods present a sensitivity between 73% and 97.7%, while their specificity ranges in the interval 50%–96%. Objective methods such as actigraphy present a sensibility higher than 90%. However, their specificity is low compared to their sensitivity, being one of the limitations of such technology. Moreover, there are other factors, such as the patient’s perception of her or his sleep, that can be provided only by subjective methods. Therefore, sleep detection methods should be combined to produce a synergy between objective and subjective methods. The review of the market indicates the most valued sleep apps, but it also identifies problems and gaps, e.g., many hardware devices have not been validated and (especially software apps) should be studied before their clinical use.
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Although a few studies have examined sleep knowledge and attitudes as predictors of sleep behavior, the question of which better predicts actual sleep behavior is still open. Furthermore, the construct of sleep attitudes has been ...
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Although a few studies have examined sleep knowledge and attitudes as predictors of sleep behavior, the question of which better predicts actual sleep behavior is still open. Furthermore, the construct of sleep attitudes has been inconsistently defined and measured. We examined both sleep knowledge and attitudes to determine their unique associations with sleep hygiene behaviors, and direct and indirect associations with objective and subjective sleep outcomes. College students (N=218) completed a series of questionnaires before and after wearing a FitBit Flex accelerometer for 7days. We collected objective sleep duration and quality using this apparatus, while participants reported subjective sleep outcomes, hygiene behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes. Analyses controlled for self-reported depression, diagnosed sleep disorder, and sleep-related medications. For both objective and subjective measures, more positive sleep attitudes but not greater sleep knowledge was directly associated with longer sleep duration, and indirectly (through sleep hygiene) with better sleep quality. The role of sleep attitudes in sleep-related behaviors and outcomes deserves further investigation as a potentially modifiable factor in sleep intervention efforts.
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Sleep duration and quality are associated with a range of neuropsychological and psychosocial outcomes in children and adolescents but community awareness of this is low. A small body of literature on sleep education programs in c...
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Sleep duration and quality are associated with a range of neuropsychological and psychosocial outcomes in children and adolescents but community awareness of this is low. A small body of literature on sleep education programs in children and adolescents delivered through school-based programs is attempting to address this. A review of the literature found only 8 studies and 4 pilot studies in abstract form. This paper presents these sleep education programs and evaluates their effectiveness. In general, findings suggest that when sleep knowledge was measured it was increased in most programs. However this did not necessarily equate to sleep behaviour change such as increased sleep duration or improved sleep hygiene. Reasons for this are discussed and may include motivation and readiness to change, salience to the individual, delivery, content, time allocation, or methodological underpinnings. This paper attempts to understand this and assess how best to improve future sleep education programs from a theoretical perspective. Specifically, it considers the theory of planned behaviour which may assist in ensuring maximum efficacy for the current and future development of sleep education programs.
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Objectives: The National Sleep Foundation's (NSFs) sleep duration recommendations and quality indicators enable trichotomous classification of sleep parameters as 'appropriate', may be appropriate' or 'inappropriate', with the lat...
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Objectives: The National Sleep Foundation's (NSFs) sleep duration recommendations and quality indicators enable trichotomous classification of sleep parameters as 'appropriate', may be appropriate' or 'inappropriate', with the latter representing 'suboptimal' sleep. This study reports the prevalence of self-reported suboptimal sleep and associated demographics in a large sample of Australian adults. In addition, repotted are rates of suboptimal sleep assessment by health-care clinicians/services and receipt of and desire for sleep care, and their associations with suboptimal sleep.
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Sleep hygiene practices have been described extensively in the literature. There is considerably less clarity about relationships between particular elements of sleep hygiene and particular sleep outcomes, and which intervention a...
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Sleep hygiene practices have been described extensively in the literature. There is considerably less clarity about relationships between particular elements of sleep hygiene and particular sleep outcomes, and which intervention approaches using sleep hygiene principles are effective. In this review, we describe themes extracted from a systematic review of the sleep hygiene literature. We systematically searched Psycinfo, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science Search Engines up to August, 2017. We included all studies that associated sleep hygiene (behaviors adjacent to bedtime and during the night) with sleep duration and/or sleep onset latency and/or night waking or that used sleep hygiene based interventions to improve sleep duration and/or sleep onset latency and/or night waking (n = 44). We organized our findings into themes by age group, sleep hygiene factors, and interventions. We provide evidence-based recommendations about areas of sleep hygiene that have significant empirical support and those that require urgent attention. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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There is a growing realization that proper sleep during pregnancy is essential for the health of the mother and the offspring. However, there are no reports on the effects of maternal sleep restriction on the sleep-wake profiles o...
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There is a growing realization that proper sleep during pregnancy is essential for the health of the mother and the offspring. However, there are no reports on the effects of maternal sleep restriction on the sleep-wake profiles of newborns. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sleep restriction during the third term of pregnancy on the sleep-wake profiles of neonates born to them. The female pregnant Wistar rats were sleep restricted for 5?h/day on gestational days 15–20 by gentle handling. Sleep-wake profiles of the pups born to them and to the control rats were recorded on postnatal days 1–21. Pups of sleep restricted dams had higher active sleep (AS) and lower quiet sleep (QS) as well as wakefulness. Higher ratio of AS to QS, longer duration of sleep cycles, lesser bout frequency and reduced EEG delta power were also observed in these pups, all of which indicated brain immaturity. All these signs of delayed maturation, usually found in premature babies, were observed in the pups of sleep restricted mothers, who had longer gestation period. This report not only shows the importance of sleep during pregnancy, but it also suggests that neonatal sleep monitoring can be used as a tool for early assessment of retarded brain development.
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Sleep issues are common in preschoolers, defined in this article as ages 3 to 5 years. Sleep deprivation can cause behavioral and cognitive issues. Sleep issues seen in the preschool years include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnep...
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Sleep issues are common in preschoolers, defined in this article as ages 3 to 5 years. Sleep deprivation can cause behavioral and cognitive issues. Sleep issues seen in the preschool years include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnep, parasomnias, and restless legs syndrome. Sleep issues seem to exacerbate mood and attention disturbances. Conversely, children with psychiatric disorders are likely to have sleep problems. Treatment of sleep issues is important for long-term mental health and optimization of functioning.
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