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Despite recent geopolitical tensions across nations, the liner shipping industry still plays a pivotal role in supporting international trade by ensuring low-cost transportation services. However, given the increased intensity of ...
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Despite recent geopolitical tensions across nations, the liner shipping industry still plays a pivotal role in supporting international trade by ensuring low-cost transportation services. However, given the increased intensity of mergers and acquisitions, the formation of new shipping alliances and general perception of the commoditisation of ocean carriers pose numerous risks in how shipping line operations interact with shippers' needs. Previous research has identified several factors regarding ocean carrier selection criteria from the shippers' perspective, mainly focusing on regional markets. Nonetheless, knowledge of how shippers address these factors is limited. In this study, through a mix of qualitative and quantitative analyses, Q-methodology is applied to investigate shippers' choice behaviour regarding ocean carriers in Hong Kong. The result? of our analysis show the emergence of three unique clusters of shippers with different needs when considering the ocean carrier selection process. The three clusters are 'reliability and flexibility of service achiever', 'long-term shipper-carrier relationship builder', and 'customer service and cost-saving seeker'. These findings may assist in enabling shipping lines to enhance their competitiveness by analysing and selecting the most suitable strategy for serving customers and identifying operational and marketing areas that need to be restructured or strengthened.
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Although the greening of the marine sector started over a decade ago, the emissions produced from ships and port operating equipment have been only recently perceived as issues to be addressed. On this basis, the International Mar...
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Although the greening of the marine sector started over a decade ago, the emissions produced from ships and port operating equipment have been only recently perceived as issues to be addressed. On this basis, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) decided to enact stricter sulphur limits on the fuel oil used by ships in Sulphur Oxide (SOx) Emission Control Areas in an effort to reduce the environmental impact of the vessel's bunkers. In this respect, the purpose of the paper is to quantify the cost implications of the IMO revised regulations on the shippers' traditional supply chain network design decisions through the development of a strategic Mixed Integer Linear Programming decision-support model. The applicability of the model is demonstrated on a realistic maritime supply chain operating within the East Asia-EU trade route. The results reveal that the implementation of the sulphur limits at the route's ports may not affect the shippers' network structure under the current fuel prices, as the optimally selected ports have cost effective hinterland transportation connections within the EU market, that make them preferable for the shipper, even though the network's shipping costs increase.
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The transport sector accounts for 25% of the global CO2 emissions. All firms in the transport industry share a responsibility for this environmental impact. This paper explores, as one of the first, the attitude of both shippers a...
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The transport sector accounts for 25% of the global CO2 emissions. All firms in the transport industry share a responsibility for this environmental impact. This paper explores, as one of the first, the attitude of both shippers and forwarders, as the main purchasers of transport services, towards environmental sustainability in the sourcing of transport services. Based on a literature review we develop several hypotheses and test those through a survey among shippers and forwarders in the Netherlands. We conclude that shippers focus more on sustainability than forwarders, the size of shippers has a positive influence on the demand for transparency of the environmental performance, explicit sustainability targets have a positive influence on the demand for sustainable solutions and the vast majority of shippers and forwarders expect an increased importance of sustainable purchasing.
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As outsourcing and offshoring continue to expand, the ocean container industry serves a critical and still increasing role in supporting global trade. Yet, perceived commoditization and intense price competition among ocean contai...
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As outsourcing and offshoring continue to expand, the ocean container industry serves a critical and still increasing role in supporting global trade. Yet, perceived commoditization and intense price competition among ocean container carriers limit opportunities for competitive advantage and formation of long-term shipper-carrier relationships. This environment ultimately yields an unhealthy industry that threatens the stability of global supply chains. Extant literature provides limited insight into how carriers can build strong relationships with shippers to overcome the short-term, transactional-orientation of the industry. Examining a case study of a major ocean container carrier, we apply structural equation modeling to shipper survey data to explore how carrier operational, service, and pricing capabilities influence the strength of the long-term shipper-carrier relationship. Furthermore, we identify unique clusters of shipper needs, helping the carrier understand when and how to promote a particular portfolio of capabilities to customers.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss shipper behavior to use electronic commerce (EC) services in liner shipping. Inquiry use intention and transaction use intention were employed to define shipper intention to use the EC servi...
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss shipper behavior to use electronic commerce (EC) services in liner shipping. Inquiry use intention and transaction use intention were employed to define shipper intention to use the EC services. Based on the internal and external perspectives of shippers, a causal model was constructed to investigate the determinants of the intentions. The internal factor is defined as shippers' perceived usefulness (PU) of the EC services. The external factors include the EC promotions of shipping companies and the partnership between shippers and shipping companies. From eight major industries in Taiwan. 135 exporting companies were sampled to validate the model. The results indicate that the partnership is the most significant factor affecting the transaction use intention, while the PU of the shipper is the most significant determinant of inquiry use intention. EC promotions only significantly affect transaction use intention. These results may provide useful information for shipping companies seeking to promote their EC services.
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The supreme goal of railway express freight transportation is to meet the various demands of shippers. This paper considers the optimization problem of the operation plan for express freight trains based on shipper demands, includ...
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The supreme goal of railway express freight transportation is to meet the various demands of shippers. This paper considers the optimization problem of the operation plan for express freight trains based on shipper demands, including transport volume, service frequency, and transit time. An integer programming model that takes maximum shipper demands as optimized objective is proposed to realize the assignment of trains to candidate paths. In this model, the number of marshalling cars for express freight train is set as a decision variable rather than a constant to better satisfy the demand characteristics. A heuristic solution algorithm based on genetic algorithm is then designed. Finally, a numerical case is applied to verify the feasibility of the model and the algorithm.
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A handful of large, high-through-put grain terminals in the Northern Plains such as Alton Grain Terminal LLC, Hillsboro, ND (see page 24), have inadvertently found themselves caught in the middle of a dispute between regional grai...
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A handful of large, high-through-put grain terminals in the Northern Plains such as Alton Grain Terminal LLC, Hillsboro, ND (see page 24), have inadvertently found themselves caught in the middle of a dispute between regional grain shippers and theregion's largest railroad. The Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNSF/www.bnsf.com) controls about 75 percent of the rail traffic to North Dakota elevators, either directly on its own tracks or indirectly through its short-line affiliate, the Red River Valley & Western Railroad (RRV&W/www.rrvw.net). The core of the dispute surrounds the BNSF's differential pricing policy put in place last year, in which lower freight rates to the Pacific Northwest are offered to several 110-car shuttle train loadersin the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota. These rates are lower than for other elevators across North Dakota and Montana, including a number of 110-car loaders. This has raised cries of protest from many in the grain industry in these state
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We propose an analytical modeling methodology for quantifying the impact of slow steaming on the carrier's voyage cost and on the shipper's total landed logistics costs. The developed methodology can be employed by a carrier and a...
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We propose an analytical modeling methodology for quantifying the impact of slow steaming on the carrier's voyage cost and on the shipper's total landed logistics costs. The developed methodology can be employed by a carrier and a shipper in their contract negotiations, in order for the two parties to determine how they could divide between them the savings resulted from slow steaming. We demonstrate that the impact of slow steaming and speed adjustment policies on the shippers' total landed logistics costs tend to increase as the vessel travels towards the end of its voyage.
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Tight delivery schedules has been blamed for widespread violations of hours-of-service rules by interstate tractor-trailer drivers. The purpose of the present study was to identify determinants of drives' schedules, particularly d...
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Tight delivery schedules has been blamed for widespread violations of hours-of-service rules by interstate tractor-trailer drivers. The purpose of the present study was to identify determinants of drives' schedules, particularly delivery requirements of shippers. Long-haul drivers were surveyed at weigh stations in Wyoming and Tennessee and asked who had arranged their current loads. The arranger, usually a motor-carrier dispatcher, then was interviewed by telephone.
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International trade has been one of the major factors that any developing economy has benefited from in diverse areas. Ghana, which is known to be the gateway to Africa has received enormous trade facilities through the country’s...
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International trade has been one of the major factors that any developing economy has benefited from in diverse areas. Ghana, which is known to be the gateway to Africa has received enormous trade facilities through the country’s Maritime Authority. This study took a step in the maritime industry to assess how international trade does affect the shipping industry and to investigate measures undertaken by the country to facilitating international trade. The study, however, gave depth insight in facilitating international trade in Ghana shippers’ authority. The target population for the study were persons at various levels of management of the Ghana Shipping Authority (GSA). Thirty (30) respondents were used for the study. The study had a blend of qualitative and quantitative research design to make it flexible for the researchers to gather enough data for it. The findings revealed that the Shippers Authority in Ghana is financed through the revenue it generates from its operations, publications and warehousing (Facilitation of trade, rendering of Freight Service, Mobiship). And again, the Authority has also instituted various programmes that enhance their trade globally such as the MOU with landlocked countries in West Africa and the Union of African Shippers. All these activities have brought about transformation in developing the trade countries in the area of good transport systems, harmonizing of shipping and policies, axle load regime and international facilitation of forums: MOWCA, IMO and the World Shippers forum. Programmes such as the Ghana Community Network (GCNet) and Sealed Grid System (SGS) are also being used by the authority to track secure passage of transit cargo.
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