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The vast literature and references in policy circles that have followed Nye's seminal article of 1990 attest to the now extraordinary status of soft power in the study of international politics. And yet much has been neglected. Th...
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The vast literature and references in policy circles that have followed Nye's seminal article of 1990 attest to the now extraordinary status of soft power in the study of international politics. And yet much has been neglected. The collection of articles in this special issue of the Journal of Political Power represents cutting-edge analyses of under-explored subjects and issues in the realm of soft power, and speaks largely to the process and impact of soft power. These contributions illuminate important nuances in the process by which soft power is manifest. They also demonstrate that soft power has a deep and significant impact in world politics.
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This paper proposes a FPAA-FPGA/DSP-based mixed signal controller that achieves superior performance when compared with conventional digital controllers in power quality compensation. This includes adaptive signal conditioning and...
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This paper proposes a FPAA-FPGA/DSP-based mixed signal controller that achieves superior performance when compared with conventional digital controllers in power quality compensation. This includes adaptive signal conditioning and programmability on-the-fly, higher flexibility, parallel computation capability, and easy implementation. In practical applications, the power quality compensator may suffer from poor compensation performance, particularly during light loading. The adaptive signal gain and programmable on-the-fly functions of the mixed signal controller are intended to improve the system compensation performance, which cannot be achieved by using conventional digital controllers alone. In this study, an approximate total harmonic distortion (ATHD) is proposed to determine the total harmonic distortion value more quickly, reducing the evaluation time of the power quality compensation system performance. With hysteresis pulse width modulations, when the hysteresis error margin is designed, the ATHD can be determined instantaneously. Finally, representative simulation and experimental results of a three-phase four-wire center-split hybrid active power filter are presented. These verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed mixed signal controller in improving current quality compensation performance during light load conditions, compared with a conventional digital controller.
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Oversizing electrical distribution equipment is a concern in industrial facilities. It adds cost and can increase fault levels. IEEE Std 141-1993 provides guidelines on how to size electrical equipment, but at the early stage of t...
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Oversizing electrical distribution equipment is a concern in industrial facilities. It adds cost and can increase fault levels. IEEE Std 141-1993 provides guidelines on how to size electrical equipment, but at the early stage of the project, when the equipment is being purchased, much of the process information necessary to properly size the equipment is preliminary at best. In addition, much is left to the discretion of the individual design engineer, who is often not an employee of the facility's eventual owner and, therefore, may have no incentive to reduce equipment size. In fact, depending upon the contractual relationship and due to the preliminary data, compressed schedule, and long delivery, design engineers tend to oversize the equipment. This paper describes an approach for establishing a load-based upper size limit to control oversizing of electrical equipment. This paper will demonstrate that establishing this upper limit can effectively control oversizing of the electrical equipment with information available at the early stage of the project. The resulting safety and economic benefits of the properly sized electrical equipment cascade throughout the power system.
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This article reviews recent literature relating resistance studies to power studies, seeking insights that can be applied by change practitioners and social activists. Starting by critically revisiting the purpose and evolution of...
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This article reviews recent literature relating resistance studies to power studies, seeking insights that can be applied by change practitioners and social activists. Starting by critically revisiting the purpose and evolution of power analysis with the hindsight that comes from two decades of scholarship and practice, it shows how the transformative potential of power analysis is currently constrained in important respects. The coverage of power theory in the resistance literature is found to be promising but patchy. Agency-based, coercive and wilful versions of power as 'power over' tend - with noteworthy exceptions - to be more accessible and tractable to power and resistance scholars and strategists alike than the less accessible structuralist and post-structuralist versions of power as norms, culture and discourse, or processes of structuration. The article therefore proposes a broader framing of power analysis, and makes a start at extending its application beyond strategising for empowerment to strategising for resistance.
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Scaling down of CMOS Technology reduces supply voltage which helps evade device botch caused by high electric fields in the conducting channel under the gate and gate oxide. Voltage scaling lessens circuit power consumption but in...
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Scaling down of CMOS Technology reduces supply voltage which helps evade device botch caused by high electric fields in the conducting channel under the gate and gate oxide. Voltage scaling lessens circuit power consumption but increases delay of logic gates badly and the performance is degraded to a large extent in deep submicron CMOS VLSI circuits. In order to achieve good performance, the delay of logic gates has to be decreased. Circuits for trimming down of leakage power in sub-micron technologies also increase the dynamic power to a large extent. In this paper, a novel hybrid MTCMOS technique is proposed to reduce the enormous delay in gates due to sleep transistors; also, static power consumption is reduced without much affecting the dynamic power consumption of the circuit. For the 16-bit Ripple Carry Adder, the proposed technique can save up to 76.8% of static power consumption and 55.5% of dynamic power consumption also.
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Several electric powers were defined during the last century with the intention of being useful in electrical power systems, sometimes without considering other physical properties. For this reason, a few of these powers may seem ...
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Several electric powers were defined during the last century with the intention of being useful in electrical power systems, sometimes without considering other physical properties. For this reason, a few of these powers may seem limited to specific purposes and distant from the general physical theory of power. This paper investigates which of these electrical powers satisfy the most important property of physical power, which is the property derived from the energy conservation law. The paper also shows the usefulness this property confers to the electric powers that possess it and how it is possible to give those powers broader definitions. Particularly, the power definitions for single and three-phase systems can be extended to any multi-terminal network providing those powers satisfy the energy conservation law. On the contrary, this generalization is not possible for those powers that do not meet the conservation law, and, what is more, some general concepts become confusing when applied to these powers.
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This work aims to analyze and manage the optimal power consumption of the autonomous power system within the Pamir region of Republic of Tajikistan, based on renewable energy sources. The task is solved through linear programming ...
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This work aims to analyze and manage the optimal power consumption of the autonomous power system within the Pamir region of Republic of Tajikistan, based on renewable energy sources. The task is solved through linear programming methods, production rules and mathematical modeling of power consumption modes by generating consumers. It is assumed that power consumers in the considered region have an opportunity to independently cover energy shortage by installing additional generating energy sources. The objective function is to minimize the financial expenses for own power consumption, and to maximize them from both the export and redistribution of power flows. In this study, the optimal ratio of power generation by alternative sources from daily power consumption for winter was established to be hydroelectric power plants (94.8%), wind power plant (3.8%), solar photovoltaic power plant (0.5%) and energy storage (0.8%); while it is not required in summer due to the ability to ensure the balance of energy by hydroelectric power plants. As a result, each generating consumer can independently minimize their power consumption and maximize profit from the energy exchange with other consumers, depending on the selected energy sources, thus becoming a good example of carbon-free energy usage at the micro- and mini-grid level.
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The analyses of smart and soft power have developed little beyond what their critics would refer to as 'soft theory', and in both cases the theoretical development is less than 'smart'. This article attempts to address these defic...
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The analyses of smart and soft power have developed little beyond what their critics would refer to as 'soft theory', and in both cases the theoretical development is less than 'smart'. This article attempts to address these deficiencies in the theoretical development of smart power by: (1) articulating a more rigorous and systematic understanding of the processes of smart power; (2) explaining how changes in world politics have raised the value of smart power relative to hard power; (3) analyzing smart power in the context of recent US foreign policy, and (4) proposing several prescriptions that will encourage decision-makers to value and effectively use smart power strategies in their foreign policies.
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A multilevel modular capacitor-clamped dc–dc converter (MMCCC) will be presented in this paper with some of its advantageous features. By virtue of the modular nature of the converter, it is possible to integrate multiple loads ...
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A multilevel modular capacitor-clamped dc–dc converter (MMCCC) will be presented in this paper with some of its advantageous features. By virtue of the modular nature of the converter, it is possible to integrate multiple loads and sources with the converter at the same time. The modular construction of the MMCCC topology provides autotransformer-like taps in the circuit, and depending on the conversion ratio of the converter, it becomes possible to connect several dc sources and loads at these taps. The modularity of the new converter is not limited to only this dc transformer (auto) like operation, but also provides redundancy and fault bypass capability in the circuit. Using the modularity feature, some redundant modules can be operated in bypass state, and during some faults, these redundant modules can be used to replace a faulty module to maintain an uninterrupted operation. Moreover, by obtaining a flexible conversion ratio, the MMCCC converter can transfer power in both directions. Thus, this MMCCC topology could be a solution to establish a power management system among multiple sources and loads having different operating voltages.
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Soft power has attracted significant attention in scholarly and public debates on foreign affairs in recent years. Notwithstanding this greater attention, the treatment of soft power has developed little beyond 'soft theory.' This...
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Soft power has attracted significant attention in scholarly and public debates on foreign affairs in recent years. Notwithstanding this greater attention, the treatment of soft power has developed little beyond 'soft theory.' This article addresses this deficiency by offering a more rigorous and systematic analysis of the process of soft power. In addition, it seeks to address two further shortcomings in the treatment of soft power: by explaining how changes in modern world politics have raised the value of soft power and by proposing conditions that encourage decision-makers to appreciate and effectively employ soft power strategies.
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