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During ship emergencies, a reliable and efficient evacuation system is able to guide passengers to the appropriate muster stations as quickly as possible. The majority of the existing indoor evacuation systems provide emergency gu...
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During ship emergencies, a reliable and efficient evacuation system is able to guide passengers to the appropriate muster stations as quickly as possible. The majority of the existing indoor evacuation systems provide emergency guidance for people trapped in general buildings. However, those systems fail to consider the unique challenges of ship passenger evacuation, such as the effect of ship motion on pedestrian motion and the feedback of pedestrian motion on ship inclination state. Consequently, evacuation guidance provided by these schemes may not always be optimal or may even make the evacuation worse due to the differences in the critical factors influencing emergency guiding between land-based buildings and passenger ships. This paper presents a systematic literature overview of recent advances in building evacuation, followed by a description of the challenges unique to evacuating passengers on vessels. Furthermore, the existing ship evacuation research is reviewed from three aspects, i.e., passenger behavior study, ship evacuation optimization, and evaluation of evacuation on passenger ships. A discussion of land-based evacuation schemes and prospects for ship evacuation is also presented.
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In this article are considered the analysis of the provided techniques of survey of the main characteristics of passenger traffics in the suburban and longdistance directions.An approach to the construction of an automated analysi...
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In this article are considered the analysis of the provided techniques of survey of the main characteristics of passenger traffics in the suburban and longdistance directions.An approach to the construction of an automated analysis system of passenger traffic, which is necessary to ensure that controls urban passenger transport at all levels of analytical information on actual volumes and dynamics of passenger traffic on urban and suburban routes. It is necessary to assess the current state of the traffic and determine the needs of the population in the form of services. The system of counting passengers replaces traditional manual methods of examination of passenger traffic. To collect baseline data on the number of incoming and outgoing passengers at stops using modern technology automatically calculate based on the use of non-contact sensors that are installed in the salons of passenger vehicles (buses, trolleybuses, trams).
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The article introduces the results of studying the downtime of city buses belonging to commercial operators due to waiting for additional passengers at bus stops. This phenomenon is characteristic of the key bus stops in Nizhniy N...
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The article introduces the results of studying the downtime of city buses belonging to commercial operators due to waiting for additional passengers at bus stops. This phenomenon is characteristic of the key bus stops in Nizhniy Novgorod where passenger flows reach their maximum intensity and is named “downtime due to waiting”. The factors affecting the “downtime due to waiting” are described. The regularities of changing the “downtime due to waiting” are identified. Consideration of this factor will allow a more accurate estimation of urban transport bus stops capacity.
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Determination of transport demand is one of the key factors to solve many transportation problems. Existing methods for obtaining information about passenger mobility have significant shortcomings; currently, methods based on the ...
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Determination of transport demand is one of the key factors to solve many transportation problems. Existing methods for obtaining information about passenger mobility have significant shortcomings; currently, methods based on the collection, integration and analysis of big data (Urban computing, big data) are being increasingly used.Within the framework of this approach, a methodology has been developed for determining the passenger traffic by public transport from the operations of validating electronic travel tickets: smart cards, transport cards, magnetic cards, mobile phones or other electronic devices (Electronic Gadgets), their details are recorded in the Automated Fare Collection (AFC).In this work we have taken into account that the passenger can travel one, two or more segments before paying for the trip. On some routes, payment is made at the end of the trip.The article presents a methodology based on defining and evaluating the set of acceptable variants of the connectedness of the passenger trips' sequence, which takes into account many factors that influence the choice of travel routes by the passenger. For?example, unlike existing solutions, the possibility of paying for travel at any point of the route is taken into account, not necessarily immediately after boarding the vehicle.Approbation of the considered methodology was carried out on the data of the Krasnoyarsk public transport system for April 2019. It?has been proved that passenger traffic from the validation of electronic travel tickets allows us to estimate the parameters of public transport demand within the limits of acceptable statistical errors.
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'Passengers aren't baked beans'is often one of the first comments made when an airport's passenger security screening process is being reviewed. While this statement is unarguably true, the inference -that passengers are unpredict...
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'Passengers aren't baked beans'is often one of the first comments made when an airport's passenger security screening process is being reviewed. While this statement is unarguably true, the inference -that passengers are unpredictable and cannot therefore be processed in the same way that baked beans are processed on a factory production line - is far from the truth. This paper looks at the predictability of passenger behaviour and how that behaviour is changing. It demonstrates that understanding and managing passenger behaviour is an essential part of delivering an optimum balance of customer service and efficiency in passenger security search operations.
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? 2021, Scibulcom Ltd.. All rights reserved.The article considers the prospects of development and optimization of passenger flows and the system of transport network of public transport. The analysis was carried out based on the ...
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? 2021, Scibulcom Ltd.. All rights reserved.The article considers the prospects of development and optimization of passenger flows and the system of transport network of public transport. The analysis was carried out based on the example of the city of Kharkiv – a large industrial, educa-tional, business center with developed transport infrastructure. Among the main problems of development of public transport of the city was identified the priority need to attract additional financing for purchase and renewal of rolling stock, rail and electric industry. Among the strengths and opportunities for the development of the public transport network, its accessibility was identified to all categories of the population, and therefore it is relevant and necessary to further develop it. The problematic aspects are highlighted – outdated material and technical base and the need to optimize passenger transportation processes. Promising places were identified for the city to further develop the transport network, which are geographically connected with urban planning processes – construction of new micro-districts and residential areas. A mathematical model has been developed of passenger flow dependence on the time of day. The main iteration of the model was the issues of transfer and access to the infrastructure of the city, as most mod-els of construction of the transport network are developed on the basis of analysis of the places of residence of the population and their places of work. Therefore, it is useful to further explore the possibilities of optimizing the transport network by reducing the number of transfers.
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The oversaturated situation is now very common in the metro system of some megacities due to large commuting demands in peak hours, which leads to passenger accumulation on platforms and causes potential accident risks. To improve...
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The oversaturated situation is now very common in the metro system of some megacities due to large commuting demands in peak hours, which leads to passenger accumulation on platforms and causes potential accident risks. To improve the transport efficiency and passenger accumulation safety at each station, this paper proposes a cooperative passenger flow control optimization in a specific metro network, in which each passenger can freely switch trains between different metro lines with a single ticket. Through considering the dynamic characteristics and transfer behaviors of passengers, an effective bi-objective integer linear programming model is formulated to characterize the passenger control process, in which the objectives are to minimize the total passenger waiting time and passenger accumulation risks at all the involved stations. To solve the proposed model conveniently, the above model is transformed into a single-objective model through reformulating the risk objective as a threshold-based constraint. Finally, two sets of numerical experiments, including a small-scale case and a real-world instance with operation data of the Beijing metro system, are implemented to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
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Lipids and lipoproteins are best known for their functions in energy metabolism. These essential nutrients, however, also play important roles in the biosynthesis and function of an array of signaling molecules, including Wnt and ...
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Lipids and lipoproteins are best known for their functions in energy metabolism. These essential nutrients, however, also play important roles in the biosynthesis and function of an array of signaling molecules, including Wnt and Hedgehog family proteins, which are signaling morphogens controlling the growth and patterning during embryonic development. For example, Wnt-3a is palmitoylatedat a conserved cysteine residue , and Wnt-1 is modified by a thioester-linked lipid group. Sonic hedgehog, a well-characterized member of the Hhh family, has palmitic acid added to its N-terminus and cholesterol to its C-terminus . The importance of these lipid modifications are highlighted by the critical role of cholesterol in embryonic development. The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in experimental animals caused a birth malformation called holoprosencephaly . In humans the cause of a similar defect, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, has been ascribed to Sonic hedgehog, which is expressed in the notochord of the central nervous system in early embryos.
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Airport terminal facilities continue to increase in size due to the trend of increasing demand at our nation's regional and international airports. Airport operators have introduced various passenger conveyances including moving w...
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Airport terminal facilities continue to increase in size due to the trend of increasing demand at our nation's regional and international airports. Airport operators have introduced various passenger conveyances including moving walkways, escalators, and elevators to reduce passenger walking distance and provide an acceptable level of service. This research is based on a data collection effort in various airports and depicts an empirical study on the use of passenger conveyance systems in airport terminals. A logistic regression approach was applied to estimate a passenger's mode choice probability and to examine the relationship between passenger characteristics and their choice of automated conveyance systems in airport terminals.
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