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Abstract This paper analyses the operating performance of the UNISUN 150.142 M Photovoltaic (PV) module system, installed in a garden area of a research institute “Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles ...
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Abstract This paper analyses the operating performance of the UNISUN 150.142 M Photovoltaic (PV) module system, installed in a garden area of a research institute “Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN)” in Congo Brazzaville. We present the results of the performance evaluation of the energy recording through solarimeter in a different orientation from February to April then, we followed the Sunway from February 2020 to January 2021. Tilt orientation of solar panels installation and parameters impacting the PV are quantified. We have considered the temperature taken on the front face of the solar panels. The study was implemented from experimental and theoretical approaches (simulation was done using MATLAB Simulink). From both approaches, we found comparable data from the open circuit voltage Voc and the short circuit current Icc. In addition, we found that the Total Cross Tied (TCT) configuration is not recommended with this type of module causing the decrease of current, especially when the shadow is not on the string. The shading on chains decreases more power than on string. The simulation results show that the increase of power is affected by the impact location of the temperature when those are in the same PV plant receiving the same irradiation. An algorithm of PV cooling is proposed to improve the performance of the PV plant.
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The paper presents the concept and design behind the thin film flexible floating PV (T3F-PV) array, aimed at offshore large scale generation. The development of such an array comprises of non-conventional application of thin film ...
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The paper presents the concept and design behind the thin film flexible floating PV (T3F-PV) array, aimed at offshore large scale generation. The development of such an array comprises of non-conventional application of thin film PV panels. There are some issues envisaged, primarily the electrical reliability of the panels were they are prone to water absorption. Also the presence of the water could lead to cooling which would be an advantage of the system. Analysis of these issues and a first stage towards the development of the concept was through the manufacturing and operation of a small scale prototype in an enclosed water body in Sudbury, Canada. The data gathered from a small scale prototype leads to an estimated 0.5% decrease in electrical efficiency after the 45 day testing period mainly due to sediment occlusion on the PV panels. The cooling effect of the water could be calculated to an averaged electrical improvement of 5% through a 3 day comparison test (conducted when the floating PV had been exposed to their water conditions for almost 3 months). Also a significant variation in electrical output could be noted if the floating panels were allowed to go just below the waterline or if they were designed to stay on top of it Some changes to the design were discussed to improve the concept and lead it onto the next step in the development, with a larger scale installation operating in the open sea with harsher environments to be dealt with.
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Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter technology has advanced since it first attracted the attention of policy makers. The objective of this article is to present a survey of grid-connected PV inverters and their present techn...
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Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter technology has advanced since it first attracted the attention of policy makers. The objective of this article is to present a survey of grid-connected PV inverters and their present technology in Malaysia. Surveyed here are 186 PV inverter products from 22 manufacturers, their power factors, system THDs, efficiencies, power inputs (from PV array), costs, sizes, and protections investigated, and their datasheets collected from various manufacturers in Europe, North America, and Asia. The data are compared within regions and subject headings. Discussed are the lowering of cost, the raising of efficiency levels, and reliability improvement.
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Solar inverter providers optionally offer plant operators online access to their installed photovoltaic (PV) systems. Benefits consist of better system monitoring, faster response to maintenance needs, and a more comfortable data ...
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Solar inverter providers optionally offer plant operators online access to their installed photovoltaic (PV) systems. Benefits consist of better system monitoring, faster response to maintenance needs, and a more comfortable data acquisition. Data mining from an online database enables a comparative statistical analysis for a large number of plants about specific productivity parameters, emission reductions and monetary savings. Restriction of information usually confines the progress of PV systems. Due to this situation, the Sunnyportal website managed by one of the most important world provider of solar inverters does not delimit the visualization of their own systems. In addition, there is unrestricted access to their available plants in cases where the owners set the status of their plants as "public". This study gathered and analyzed information on photovoltaic installations in Mexico with free access to production data. The results show an increase of almost 700% in the number of registered plants in Mexico with exponential growth since 2012. Mexico still shows a lack of studies regarding the monitoring of PV systems because available data are scarce. The specific productivity rate of the PV systems primarily depends on solar irradiation on-site, weather conditions, air contamination, the technology employed, correct engineering and plant maintenance. Based on data obtained, conclusions are drawn concerning preferences and performance of Mexican PV plants. The most both surprising as well as important result is that there is no correlation between specific productivity and average daily on-site irradiation. (c) 2020 International Energy Initiative. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Photovoltaic (PV) modules are the core of every PV system, representing the power generation and their operation will affect the overall plant performance. It is one of the elements within a PV site with the higher failure appeara...
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Photovoltaic (PV) modules are the core of every PV system, representing the power generation and their operation will affect the overall plant performance. It is one of the elements within a PV site with the higher failure appearance, being essential their proper operation to produce reliable, efficient and safety energy. Quantitative analysis and characterization of manufacturing, soldering and breaking PV defects is performed by a combination of electroluminescence (EL), infrared thermography (IRT), electrical current voltage (Ⅰ-Ⅴ) curves and visual inspection. Equivalent-circuit model characterization and microscope inspection are also performed as additional techniques when they contribute to the defects characterization. A 60-cells polycrystalline module has been ad hoc manufactured for this research, with different defective and non-defective cells. All cells are accessible from the backside of the module and the module includes similar kinds of defects in the same bypass string. This paper characterizes different defects of PV modules to control, mitigate or eliminate their influence and being able to do a quality assessment of a whole PV module, relating the individual cells performance with the combination of defective and non-defective cells within the module strings, with the objective of determining their interaction and mismatch effects, apart from their discrete performance.
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This paper presents solar PV history in Thailand consisting of installation target, incentive schemes, procurements and barriers for supporting the coming of solar PV. For the barrier viewpoint, one of the most significant barrier...
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This paper presents solar PV history in Thailand consisting of installation target, incentive schemes, procurements and barriers for supporting the coming of solar PV. For the barrier viewpoint, one of the most significant barriers is the technical power system problem; especially, voltage violation and system loss increase when high capacity of solar PV is installed in the system. Therefore, electric utilities usually determine the capacity limitation criterion of solar PV for each electrical feeder which can delay the growth of solar PV installation. Consequently, this paper presents the method to solve this barrier in order to maximize the installation of solar PV in Thailand. The method is based on the construction of typical distribution feeders with various levels of solar PV penetration and locations. The three scenarios based on solar PV locations: clustered near the beginning of feeder, clustered near the middle of feeder, and clustered near the end of feeder are simulated. The considered constraints are voltage limitation and system loss. The modified distribution system is used to test the proposed method which is simulated by DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The results show that the proposed method provides the solution that can support more solar PV installation than capacity limitation criterion determined by distribution utilities.
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Distributed PV systems, mostly on household, commercial and industrial rooftops, represent around half of global PV capacity. Their orientation (tilt and azimuth) often depends on the particular rooftop on which they are installed...
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Distributed PV systems, mostly on household, commercial and industrial rooftops, represent around half of global PV capacity. Their orientation (tilt and azimuth) often depends on the particular rooftop on which they are installed, rather than being designed for optimal performance. Furthermore, data collection, and particularly validation, of their configurations is often lacking. However, their generation output is usually well monitored given this determines cashflows. Rooftop PV systems therefore pose important performance assessment challenges. Large databases of distributed PV generation performance now exist. However, there is often little information on the actual system installation, or quality checks on provided information, which is a major problem for performance assessment. We therefore present a method for estimating tilt, azimuth, and even location for PV plants by fitting a model to their time-series generation. The method is tested for three case studies: (1) simulated generation of a theoretical PV system using weather data; (2) measured generation of PV systems with validated location and orientation; and (3) measured generation from PV systems with self-reported information. Results suggest that the proposed method can estimate array tilt, azimuth, longitude, and latitude with Mean Absolute Deviations of 2.75 degrees, 5.85 degrees, 0.2 degrees, and 4.08 degrees respectively, for a typical PV system. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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An efficient vitrification-based cryopreservation procedure was developed for Fraser photinia shoot apices by assessing the influences of various vitrification solutions (PVS1, PVS2, PVS3 and VSL) and different vitrification metho...
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An efficient vitrification-based cryopreservation procedure was developed for Fraser photinia shoot apices by assessing the influences of various vitrification solutions (PVS1, PVS2, PVS3 and VSL) and different vitrification methods (cryovial vitrification, droplet vitrification and droplet freezing) on shoot regrowth. Moreover, influences of cold-hardening period (0 to 8 weeks), preculture medium (with sucrose and proline) and regrowth medium (QL plus 4.4, 8.8 and 17.6 mu M BA) were also evaluated. Among the different procedures tested, best shoot regrowth (40.3%) was achieved by using a droplet vitrification technique in which cold-hardened and precultured shoot apices were vitrified for 120 min at 0 degrees C in droplets, rapidly cooled, thawed and then cultured on 17.6 mu M BA-containing QL medium. Overall results indicated the importance of not only the composition of vitrification solution, and preculture and regrowth media, but also the application of an appropriate vitrification technique to achieve optimum recovery post-cryopreservation.
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Abstract This paper gives an overview of the status of implementation of photovoltaic (PV) systems among 34 member countries involved in the COST Action PEARL PV in the year 2018. Besides this, influencing factors that have an imp...
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Abstract This paper gives an overview of the status of implementation of photovoltaic (PV) systems among 34 member countries involved in the COST Action PEARL PV in the year 2018. Besides this, influencing factors that have an impact on the implementation of PV systems in each country have been assessed. The implementation of PV systems varies in European countries due to differences in solar irradiation and weather conditions, electricity consumption, national economic situation, and governmental approaches to promote PV. For this paper, data sets covering, among others, numbers installed PV systems, and the variables mentioned above, were collected, processed, and synchronized. Subsequently, relations between data were analyzed by geographic mapping and mutual correlations. The 34 countries evaluated produced together 120?TWh of PV electricity in 2018. It was notable that Germany produced the highest amount (45?TWh) and has the highest share (8.4%) of PV in its electricity generation. Weak correlations were found between the different variables and the gross domestic product, annual global irradiation, number of subsidy schemes, cumulative installed capacity, annual electricity generated by PV, the share of RE, and share of PV. Logically, as expected, strong correlations (R2?=?0.9) were found between the number of inhabitants and the annual electricity production and consumption. From our analysis, we conclude that four different groups of countries can be identified to categorize the usability of PV. One type covers countries with a significant unused PV potential while local–global irradiation is redundantly available, such as Turkey, Spain, Cyprus, Portugal, and Israel.
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Solar modules deployed in industrial areas have the potential to conserve a significant quantity of national grid electricity; nevertheless, the accessibility of industrial contaminants and emissions creates an unusual surrounding...
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Solar modules deployed in industrial areas have the potential to conserve a significant quantity of national grid electricity; nevertheless, the accessibility of industrial contaminants and emissions creates an unusual surrounding environment for industrial PV plants. Thus, evaluating the performance of industrial solar power plants and highlighting any disruptive agent is crucial for their reliable and feasible operation. The current study investigates the deterioration of a 101 kW On-Grid PV system installed in the aluminum industry that has a newly discovered degrading defect, namely the localised partial cell soiling on industrial PV system, which hasn't been seen or identified in classic studies specifically on industrial PV systems operating on ideal conditions. The underperformance of a solar power plant is identified using comparison between PVsyst simulation results and real plant performance metrics. Moreover, assessment analysis is presented by using characterization techniques such as FESEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The results show that the actual yield (57,807 kWh DC and 56,031 kWh AC), array captured losses (12.257 h/day Lc), array system losses (0.57 h/day Ls), and performance ratio (51 %) all differ from the projected yield (89,637 DC and 86,392 kWh AC), array captured losses (6.256 h/day Lc), array system losses (1.067 h/day Ls), and performance ratio (79 %). Additionally, the performance analysis of the strings connected to both inverters demonstrates that the underperformance is caused by the newly originating defect since the PV-defected inverter strings perform worse than the other one. According to the characterization techniques, the industrial residue material of a specific section of the aluminum industry and the material accumulated on specific cells of panels have similar chemical, morphological, and elemental compositions. BaSC>4 is found to be the common compound in both materials. Future PV designs, particularly those aimed at the industrial sector, will benefit from the knowledge of the industrial PV system's defect-originating material characteristics and underperformance.
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