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In recent years, almond witches'-broom disease has been prevalent in almond growing areas in the centre and south of Iran. Furthermore, almond trees showing different symptoms of phytoplasma diseases such as little leaf, leaf roll...
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In recent years, almond witches'-broom disease has been prevalent in almond growing areas in the centre and south of Iran. Furthermore, almond trees showing different symptoms of phytoplasma diseases such as little leaf, leaf rolling, dieback of branches, rosette and yellowing were observed in the central regions of Iran. DNA isolated from symptomatic almond trees was used to amplify 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (IS) fragments by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using phytoplasma universal primer pairs (P1/P7, R16F2/R2, PA2F/R and NPA2F/R). Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomatic almonds in two major almond-growing regions, Isfahan and ChaharMahal-O-Bakhtiari. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of nested PCR products using endonuclease enzymes HpaII and TaqI revealed that phytoplasmas associated with infected almonds are genetically different. Sequence analyses of amplified fragments of 16S rDNA and IS region indicated that the almond phytoplasmas in Iran are closely related to 'Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma aurantifolia', 'Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium', 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' and 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii'. The phytoplasmas related to 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia' were more prevalent than other phytoplasmas in the central regions of Iran.
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Out of 470 uteri of cows grossly examined from Fars Province of Iran, 270 uteri of non-pregnant adult cows were chosen. From these uteri, 100 were grossly abnormal and selected for microscopic examination. Out of them, 58% showed ...
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Out of 470 uteri of cows grossly examined from Fars Province of Iran, 270 uteri of non-pregnant adult cows were chosen. From these uteri, 100 were grossly abnormal and selected for microscopic examination. Out of them, 58% showed microscopical lesions that of which 39% had endometritis. Other lesions included endometrial hyperplasia (four per cent), metritis (four per cent), adenomyosis (six per cent), macerated fetus (two per cent), lymphosarcoma (one per cent), hydrometra (one per cent), and mummified fetus (one per cent). From the above results, it could be concluded that endometritis is one of the most important genital diseases in this area and might be a cause for delayed pregnancy and infertility.
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A field study was carried out to investigate the chemoprophylactic effect of 'Imidocarb' against ovine babesiosis in North west, Iran. 12 sheep flocks with a total strength of 1420 sheep were selected and divided into two groups (...
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A field study was carried out to investigate the chemoprophylactic effect of 'Imidocarb' against ovine babesiosis in North west, Iran. 12 sheep flocks with a total strength of 1420 sheep were selected and divided into two groups (721 control and 699treatment group). Treatment group received 'Imidocarb' at a dose rate of 1.2 mg/kg of body weight given subcutaneously whereas the control group received distilled water subcutaneously. During the 135 days of investigation, blood smears were taken 46 times with an interval of 14 to 30 days and screened for the presence of Babesia. 119 of the control group and 19 of the treatment group presented evidence of Babesia in the blood smear. 'Imidocarb' was found to prevent infection by Babesia effectively andsignificantly. Increasing the dosage to 1.5 mg/kg body weight could be more effective and requires investigation. In hot climates, repetition of the medication within 60 days would be necessary.
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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the presence of oocyst of Cryptosporidium sp., and egg of soil-transmitted helminths in market vegetables in the north of Iran. Background: Fecal-oral transmission via consumption of contaminat...
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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the presence of oocyst of Cryptosporidium sp., and egg of soil-transmitted helminths in market vegetables in the north of Iran. Background: Fecal-oral transmission via consumption of contaminated food is the main route of transmission of intestinal parasites. Concerning the high risk of contamination of vegetable with intestinal parasites, raw consumption of crops can enhance the chance of transmission of intestinal parasites. Methods: In this study, we collected 34 pre-washed vegetable samples including spinach, mint, parsley, oregano, chives, savory, radish, coriander, basil and tarragon from local markets in Tonekabon City, North of Iran. All vegetable samples were washed using sterile PBS. Parasitological examinations, including direct examination and staining with Lugol’s iodine and modified Ziehl–Neelsen were performed on the pellet resulted from the washing process. Results: The findings showed that 14/34 (41.17%) of collected samples were contaminated with at least one parasite. Eggs of Toxocara sp., Ascaris sp., Fasciola sp., Toxoascaris leonine , Trichuris sp. and Enterobius together with free-living larvae, amoeba cyst, cyst of Entamoeba coli and oocyst of Cryptosporidium sp., were observed among the positive samples. Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between parasitic contamination of vegetables and seasonal changes. Conclusion: This study signifies that some parasites due to their resistant cell wall usually remain in an environment with the harsh condition and thus, consumption of raw vegetables increases the risk of transmission of them.
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[1] In 1997 and in 2000, we measured the distances between 14 geodetic benchmarks across the central Zagros mountain belt. The results show that about 10 mm/yr of shortening in the central Zagros is distributed across the mountain...
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[1] In 1997 and in 2000, we measured the distances between 14 geodetic benchmarks across the central Zagros mountain belt. The results show that about 10 mm/yr of shortening in the central Zagros is distributed across the mountain belt. This shortening corresponds to roughly 50% of the total convergence between Arabia and Eurasia and is consistent in direction. The Persian Gulf does not deform significantly. The Main Zagros Reverse Fault is not an active kinematic boundary. The internal deformation of the folded belt is rather homogeneous, at the scale of our survey, which does not allow us to detect any individual active blind fault. However, the strain pattern suggests that N-S dextral strike slip faults may accommodate part of the deformation. [References: 17]
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The ixodid tick species are the most abundant tick parasites infesting ruminants in Iran. The current study reports ixodid ticks diversity and their seasonal distribution in the natural habitat of domestic ruminants in north and s...
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The ixodid tick species are the most abundant tick parasites infesting ruminants in Iran. The current study reports ixodid ticks diversity and their seasonal distribution in the natural habitat of domestic ruminants in north and south of Iran from March 2007 to February 2008. A total number of 3900 cattle, 5444 sheep and 2825 goats in four stages (seasons) were randomly selected from both regions. Of those animals, 38.1% in the north and 21.1% in the south were infested with a total of 3409 and 2297ticks, respectively. The prevalence of tick infestation differed significantly between two regions. The highest number of the ticks was collected from sheep in the regions. There was no significant difference between animal's gender and tick's infestation rate. A number of six genera and 12 species of ticks were identified in both regions. In north, Boophilus annulatus (56.16 %, 410/730), Ixodes resinus (31.15%, 148/475) and Hyalomma ascaticumi asciaticum (50%, 67/134) had the highest prevalence in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. While in the south, predominant infesting tick was Hyalomma anatulicum anaatulicum with the infestation rate of 48.61% (88/181) in cattle, 46.47% (145/312) in sheep and 77.16% (152/197) in goats. Seasonal distribution of the ticks showed different patterns in two regions. Prevalence was correlated with temperature and humidity in both regions. The results revealed that the distribution of ixodid ticks species and their prevalence differed between two regions, mostly depending on the macro and microclimate conditions.
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An assemblage of fifteen taxa of chondrichthyan microremains from late Frasnian through late Famennian pelagic?deposits of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran, is described. Several taxa ( Phoebodus bifurcatus , Phoebodus?sophia...
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An assemblage of fifteen taxa of chondrichthyan microremains from late Frasnian through late Famennian pelagic?deposits of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran, is described. Several taxa ( Phoebodus bifurcatus , Phoebodus?sophiae and Protacrodus vetustus ) are reported for the first time from Iran. the presence of Deihim mansureae ?and Ph. sophiae in the Late rhenana to linguiformis Zones and Phoebodus rayi in the early triangularis Zone?of the Kale Sardar section, provides new biostratigraphic information. the late Frasnian part of the assemblage?corresponds to the faunas from the intrashelf basins of central europe, and the middle–late Famennian part is?comparable to that from the tafilalt Platform of Morocco.
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Eocene extension and magmatism in Central Iran was followed by late Eocene – early Oligocene uplift, erosion, volcanism and the deposition of the continental and evaporitic sediments of the Lower Red Formation. During th
Eocene extension and magmatism in Central Iran was followed by late Eocene – early Oligocene uplift, erosion, volcanism and the deposition of the continental and evaporitic sediments of the Lower Red Formation. During the late Oligocene – early Miocene, an extensional (or transtensional) phase occurred with the deposition of the limestones and marls of the Qom Formation, followed by the evaporitic deposits or mudstones of the basal part of the Upper Red Formation. Since the late Miocene, compression has resulted in regional shortening and uplift, with the deposition of the thick, clastic‐dominated upper part of the Upper Red Formation and the overlying conglomeratic unit.
Between 1951 and 2016, a total of 45 exploration, appraisal and development wells were drilled across the western part of the Central Iran Basin where the Alborz, Sarajeh and Aran fields are hydrocarbon discoveries. Traps at these fields are NW‐SE oriented detachment folds formed during the late Miocene – Pliocene. Porous and fractured limestones in the Qom e‐member are the principal reservoir units, and are capped by evaporites or mudstones in the basal part of the Upper Red Formation. Organic‐rich mudstones in the Qom e‐ and c‐members together with shales in the Jurassic Shemshak Formation are potential source rocks.
An overview of 80 years of exploration efforts in the western part of the Central Iran Basin suggests that the main reasons for the general lack of success include drilling‐associated problems, poor reservoir characteristics, lack of hydrocarbon charge, and underestimating the thickness of the overburden on top of the Qom reservoir.
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Cenozoic adakitic rocks of the northern part of the Central Iran Structural Zone (CISZ) are among the notable geological features of the terrains in northeast Iran, so a comprehensive comparison of several of these adakitic sequen...
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Cenozoic adakitic rocks of the northern part of the Central Iran Structural Zone (CISZ) are among the notable geological features of the terrains in northeast Iran, so a comprehensive comparison of several of these adakitic sequences is presented. This lithogeochemical analysis is constrained to examining adakitic magmatism of the three magmatic belts within the CISZ, which from southeast to northeast and from oldest to youngest are as follows: (a) south of Shahrood-Damghan, (b) north-northwest of Sabzevar-Neyshabour, and (c) south of Qouchan and west of Esfarayen. Radiogenic isotope analysis using Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd methods show that the adakitic rocks associated with Qouchan-Esfarayen magmatism have 0.512581 to 0.51288 initial(143)Nd/Nd-144 and 0.703903 to 0.705627 initial(87)Sr/Sr-86, with epsilon Nd -0.86 to 4.98. Adakitic rocks in south to southeast Shahrood have 0.512775 to 0.512893 initial(143)Nd/Nd-144 and 0.703746 to 0.705314 initial(87)Sr/Sr-88, with epsilon Nd 3.69 to 6.0, and adakites emplaced into the Sabzevar ophiolite have 0.512846 to 0.512911 initial(143)Nd/Nd-144 and 0.70379 to 0.705019 initial(87)Sr/Sr-86 contents with epsilon Nd of 5.26 to 6.54. Isotopic initial ratios of Nd and Sr support an origin involving partial melting of the subducting oceanic lithosphere of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys and the associated suprasubduction mantle wedge in producing these adakitic rocks.
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