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Inter-Vehicle Communication (JVC) is one of the most important technologies to realize advanced Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). We extensively apply the IVC technology to the communications between pedestrians and vehicles. W...
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Inter-Vehicle Communication (JVC) is one of the most important technologies to realize advanced Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). We extensively apply the IVC technology to the communications between pedestrians and vehicles. We call this kind of communications VPEC (Vehicle-PEdestrian Communications). The objective of this paper is to present an effective control scheme for VPEC and to evaluate the performance of proposed scheme by experiments. We deal with direct communications between pedestrians and vehicles. Due to the battery shortage of pedestrians' terminals (p-node), we have presented a reflect-transmission scheme. In this paper, we propose a new access protocol for reflect-transmission scheme, and show its validity by various experiments with several vehicles.
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We investigated the radio propagation characteristics for line-of-sight (LOS) inter-vehicle communication (IVC) at 60 GHz on an actual road with an undulating surface. Radio propagation tests between two moving vehicles were carri...
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We investigated the radio propagation characteristics for line-of-sight (LOS) inter-vehicle communication (IVC) at 60 GHz on an actual road with an undulating surface. Radio propagation tests between two moving vehicles were carried out on a test course. From this, it was found that the measured received power on the actual road and the results calculated for a flat road approximately follow logarithmic normal distributions. To investigate this phenomenon in detail, a propagation test between two stationary vehicles on a road was performed. Furthermore, calculations using geometrical optics taking road undulation into consideration demonstrated that undulation in the road can cause variations in the received power that follow a logarithmic normal distribution. Finally, the received power for moving vehicles on an undulating road was calculated using the model.
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This article describes a framework of IT user culture that has implications for organizational IT strategy. The research was conducted in multiple settings with a grounded theory approach. The resulting framework is anchored to ni...
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This article describes a framework of IT user culture that has implications for organizational IT strategy. The research was conducted in multiple settings with a grounded theory approach. The resulting framework is anchored to nine archetypal IT user profiles and encompasses their inter-group dynamics. By adopting a cultural perspective on IT usage, the framework can inform IT adoption and usage strategy with possible cultural antecedents and determinants of usage constructs common in IS research. The proposed framework suggests how management can influence the migration of IT user culture (culture creep). This framework can also enrich other acceptance models in order to more fully consider the human factor during IT implementation and adoption. The results underscore the importance of culture-customizing organizational IT socialization, training and evolution programs.
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the business value of IT (BVIT) and illustrate the relationship between IT practices and BVIT. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses a case study approach to collect the sub...
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the business value of IT (BVIT) and illustrate the relationship between IT practices and BVIT. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses a case study approach to collect the subject firm data over a period of one year. The data are about various IT systems used in the firm and their associated capital and operational cost components. The derived data are then compared with industry benchmarks. Findings - The IT practices employed by the firm enable it to achieve a BVIT which is higher than the industry norm, from both strategic and operational perspectives. Research limitations/implications - In this study, a year's worth of data from a single firm is considered. The temporal frame of the research data limits the generalization of the results. To improve the generalizability, data from many years and across many firms may be used. Practical implications - The paper provides insights to managers to identify the measures of BVIT. Further, managers can make necessary interventions based on IT practices to derive IT capabilities which, in turn, impact the firm's performance. Originality/value - The contribution of the work is manifold: illustration of the relationship between IT practices and BVIT; illustration of a methodology to evaluate firm-level BVIT; and an approach to collect IT expenses - both capital and operational level.
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With the increased importance of IT in organizations, business managers are now expected to show stronger leadership in regard to its deployment of IT in organizations. This requires greater focus on their capability to understand...
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With the increased importance of IT in organizations, business managers are now expected to show stronger leadership in regard to its deployment of IT in organizations. This requires greater focus on their capability to understand and use IT resources effectively. This paper explores the concept of IT competence of business managers as a contributor to their intention to champion IT within their organizations. Based on the knowledge literature, IT competence is defined as "the set of IT-related knowledge and experience that a business manager possesses." The relationship between IT knowledge, IT experience, and championing IT is tested empirically using Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL. Four hundred and four business managers from two large insurance organizations were surveyed. Specific areas of IT knowledge and IT experience were first identified and the first half of the data set was utilized to assess the measurement properties of the instrument in a confirmatory analysis. The contribution of IT knowledge and IT experience to their intention to champion IT was assessed using the second half of the data set. The results show that IT knowledge and IT experience together explain 34% of the variance in managers' intentions to champion IT. Recommendations are given as to how organizations can enhance their business managers IT knowledge and experience to achieve stronger IT leadership from line people.
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In light of the sociology of generations, this theoretical trial relates literature on information technology (IT) professionals, IT professional management, IT project teams, and generational studies to elaborate a reference fram...
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In light of the sociology of generations, this theoretical trial relates literature on information technology (IT) professionals, IT professional management, IT project teams, and generational studies to elaborate a reference framework that supports the research on the intergenerational dynamics of the field. The proposed framework offers a definition and structure for the concept of IT generation and contemplates the dimensions related to (1) technological contemporary changes, (2) culture bearers, (3) continuous nature of generational change, (4) generational succession, (5) knowledge transmission and sharing, and (6) intergenerational conflict, allowing future empirical research on the IT generational phenomena.
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Does information technology outsourcing reduce non-IT operating costs? This study examines this question and also asks whether internal IT investments moderate the relationship between IT outsourcing and non-IT operating costs. Us...
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Does information technology outsourcing reduce non-IT operating costs? This study examines this question and also asks whether internal IT investments moderate the relationship between IT outsourcing and non-IT operating costs. Using a panel data set of approximately 300 U.S. firms from 1999 to 2003, we find that IT outsourcing has a significant negative association with firms' non-IT operating costs. However, this finding does not imply that firms should completely outsource their entire IT function. Our results suggest that firms benefit more in terms of reduction in non-IT operating costs when they also have higher levels of complementary investments in internal IT, especially IT labor. Investments in internal IT systems can make business processes more amenable to outsourcing, and complementary investments in internal IT staff can facilitate monitoring of vendor performance and coordination with vendors. We discuss the implications of these findings for further research and for practice.
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ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems)とは、最先端の情報通信技術等を用いて人と自動車と道路とを一体としてとらえ道路自動車交通システムとして構築することで、これまで解決が困難であった様々な社会的課題を解決し、社会や生活の変革に貢献してい...
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ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems)とは、最先端の情報通信技術等を用いて人と自動車と道路とを一体としてとらえ道路自動車交通システムとして構築することで、これまで解決が困難であった様々な社会的課題を解決し、社会や生活の変革に貢献していこうとするものである。すでにITSは、カーナビゲーションシステム(以下、「カーナビ」と呼ぶ。)やVICS、ETCの普及により、一時的な空間への集中による渋滞の解消や環境負荷の軽減等の社会的効果が現れつつある。
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