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Emotions play a significant role in human cognitive processes such as attention, motivation, learning, memory, and decision making. Many researchers have worked in the field of incorporating emotions in a cognitive agent. However,...
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Emotions play a significant role in human cognitive processes such as attention, motivation, learning, memory, and decision making. Many researchers have worked in the field of incorporating emotions in a cognitive agent. However, each model has its own merits and demerits. Moreover, most studies on emotion focus on steady-state emotions than emotion switching. Thus, in this article, a domain-independent computational model of emotions for intelligent agent is proposed that have modules for emotion elicitation, emotion regulation, and emotion transition. The model is built on some well-known psychological theories such as appraisal theories of emotions, emotion regulation theory, and multistore human memory model. The design of the model is using the concept of fuzzy logic to handle uncertain and subjective information. The main focus is on primary emotions as suggested by Ekman; however, simultaneous elicitation of multiple emotions (called secondary emotion) is also supported by the model.
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Responding to burgeoning scholarship examining discrete positive emotions, the overarching goals of the current review are to provide a summary of 28 enjoyable emotions and to offer an initial classification of these emotions into...
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Responding to burgeoning scholarship examining discrete positive emotions, the overarching goals of the current review are to provide a summary of 28 enjoyable emotions and to offer an initial classification of these emotions into families. The families of discrete enjoyable emotions, many proposed for the first time, are as follows: (1) Self-praising emotions (authentic pride, fiero, naches, feeling respected), (2) other-praising emotions (admiration, elevation, gratitude, inspiration), (3) past-oriented emotions (forgiveness, nostalgia, relief), (4) future-oriented emotions (anticipatory enthusiasm, courage, determination, hope), (5) hazardous emotions (lust, schadenfreude, hubristic pride), (6) affectionate emotions (love, attachment love, tenderness, positive empathy), (7) arousal-defined emotions (euphoria, serenity), (8) violation-elicited emotions (amusement, awe, curiosity, positive surprise).This review describes how the 28 enjoyable emotions were selected, outlines the classification process generating the families of enjoyable emotions, provides a brief summary of current scholarship on each emotion, and concludes with a discussion of fertile future directions.
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A selective review of measures that can be used to assess various aspects of emotional responding during the course of psychotherapy is provided. We pay special attention to measures that index emotion regulation, emotional experi...
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A selective review of measures that can be used to assess various aspects of emotional responding during the course of psychotherapy is provided. We pay special attention to measures that index emotion regulation, emotional experience, emotional expression, and emotional awareness across self-report, observer-based, and psychophysiological methods. The review concludes with considerations that should be taken into account when selecting emotion measure(s) for use in psychotherapy research and practice. These considerations include having a clear working definition of emotion, reliability issues that arise when measures reflect a state-dependent construct (e.g., emotional experience), and the potential need to assess more than one component of emotional responding.
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Despite the ubiquity of endogenous emotions and their role in both resilience and pathology, the processes supporting their generation are largely unknown. We propose a neural component process model of endogenous generation of em...
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Despite the ubiquity of endogenous emotions and their role in both resilience and pathology, the processes supporting their generation are largely unknown. We propose a neural component process model of endogenous generation of emotion (EGE) and test it in two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments ( N =?32/293) where participants generated and regulated positive and negative emotions based on internal representations, usin self-chosen generation methods. EGE activated nodes of salience (SN), default mode (DMN) and frontoparietal control (FPCN) networks. Component processes implemented by these networks were established by investigating their functional associations, activation dynamics and integration. SN activation correlated with subjective affect, with midbrain nodes exclusively distinguishing between positive and negative affect intensity, showing dynamics consistent generation of core affect. Dorsomedial DMN, together with ventral anterior insula, formed a pathway supporting multiple generation methods, with activation dynamics suggesting it is involved in the generation of elaborated experiential representations. SN and DMN both coupled to left frontal FPCN which in turn was associated with both subjective affect and representation formation, consistent with FPCN supporting the executive coordination of the generation process. These results provide a foundation for research into endogenous emotion in normal, pathological and optimal function.
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Despite the ubiquity of endogenous emotions and their role in both resilience and pathology, the processes supporting their generation are largely unknown. We propose a neural component processmodel of endogenous generation of emo...
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Despite the ubiquity of endogenous emotions and their role in both resilience and pathology, the processes supporting their generation are largely unknown. We propose a neural component processmodel of endogenous generation of emotion (EGE) and test it in two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments (N = 32/293) where participants generated and regulated positive and negative emotions based on internal representations, usin self-chosen generationmethods. EGE activated nodes of salience (SN), defaultmode (DMN) and frontoparietal control (FPCN) networks. Component processes implemented by these networks were established by investigating their functional associations, activation dynamics and integration. SN activation correlated with subjective affect, withmidbrain nodes exclusively distinguishing between positive and negative affect intensity, showing dynamics consistent generation of core affect. Dorsomedial DMN, together with ventral anterior insula, formed a pathway supportingmultiple generationmethods, with activation dynamics suggesting it is involved in the generation of elaborated experiential representations. SN and DMN both coupled to left frontal FPCN which in turn was associated with both subjective affect and representation formation, consistent with FPCN supporting the executive coordination of the generation process. These results provide a foundation for research into endogenous emotion in normal, pathological and optimal function.
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Purpose The literature to-date has focused on dimensions of emotions based on emotions' affective state (captured by valence, arousal and dominance, PAD). However, it has ignored that emotional reactions also depend on emotions' f...
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Purpose The literature to-date has focused on dimensions of emotions based on emotions' affective state (captured by valence, arousal and dominance, PAD). However, it has ignored that emotional reactions also depend on emotions' functionality in serving to solve recurrent adaptive problems related to survival and reproduction. Evolutionary psychology suggests that relationships with others are the key that helps individuals reach both goals. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, measure and validate the temperature dimension of emotions that underlies such human relationships, as suggested by frequent verbalization of emotional states via temperature-related terms ("cold fear" and "warm love"). Design/methodology/approach Across three studies (n(Study1a) = 71; n(Study1b) = 33; and n(Study2) = 317) based on samples from two countries (Germany and the USA) and using two different methods (semantic and visual), the temperature dimension of emotions is conceptualized and measured. Across a wide spectrum of emotions, factor analyses uncover temperature as an emotional dimension distinct from PAD and assess the dimension's face, discriminant, convergent, nomological and criterion validity. Findings Emotional temperature is a bipolar dimension of an affective state that underlies human relationships, ranging from cold to warm, such that social closeness is linked to emotional warmth and social distance to emotional coldness. Emotional temperature is uncovered as a dimension distinct from PAD, that is, it is correlated with but separate from PAD. Research limitations/implications In this research, a portfolio of 17 basic emotions relevant in everyday consumption contexts was examined. Future research could further refine the emotional temperature dimension by analyzing more complex emotions and their position on the temperature map. In general, this paper sets the stage for additional work examining emotional temperature and its effects on consumer behavior. Practical implications The results have strategic implications for marketers on which emotions to select for campaigns, depending on factors like the climate or season. Social implications This research provides a better foundation upon which to understand the effect of emotions that invoke warmth or coldness. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, this research is the first to conceptualize, measure and comprehensively validate the temperature dimension of emotions.
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This paper is an interview between an emotion researcher and an artist/computational media researcher. It includes a brief history of the field of emotion research and a discussion of how this ties into the production of artificia...
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This paper is an interview between an emotion researcher and an artist/computational media researcher. It includes a brief history of the field of emotion research and a discussion of how this ties into the production of artificial emotions in robotics.
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This article provides an interdisciplinary review of theory and research linking aspects of emotional competence to learning and school-related outcomes across childhood. Drawing upon work in developmental psychology, educational ...
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This article provides an interdisciplinary review of theory and research linking aspects of emotional competence to learning and school-related outcomes across childhood. Drawing upon work in developmental psychology, educational psychology, and teacher education, this review also discusses the role of teachers in socializing students' emotions and considers the strategies and the challenges they face in regulating their own emotions in the classroom context. Future directions for research in this area are proposed.
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People in organizations often try to change the feelings of those they interact with. Research in this area has to date focused on how people try to regulate others' emotions, with less attention paid to understanding the reasons ...
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People in organizations often try to change the feelings of those they interact with. Research in this area has to date focused on how people try to regulate others' emotions, with less attention paid to understanding the reasons why. This paper presents a theoretical framework that proposes three overarching dimensions of motivations for interpersonal emotion regulation at work, relating to the extent to which regulation is motivated by autonomy (intrinsic vs. extrinsic), relatedness (prosocial vs. egoistic), and competence (performance- vs. pleasure-oriented). Combining these dimensions suggests eight possible categories of motives that underlie interpersonal emotion regulation. The framework enables new predictions about how motives influence the types of emotions elicited in others, the strategies employed, and the effectiveness of interpersonal emotion regulation in organizations.
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Strategic emotion expression constitutes a common-thread phenomenon in emotion regulation and emotion management research across multiple behavioral and social science disciplines. Despite this prevalence, less is known about the ...
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Strategic emotion expression constitutes a common-thread phenomenon in emotion regulation and emotion management research across multiple behavioral and social science disciplines. Despite this prevalence, less is known about the "why" behind these observable emotion displays within organizations. Exemplary research is reviewed reflecting the variety of motives behind strategic emotion displays. We argue that significant theoretical opportunity exists with acknowledging motivational differences underlying expressed emotion at work. Our narrative review helps generate a comprehensive and multilevel taxonomy of individual motives (personal and interpersonal), organizational emotion display rules or norms, and socio-cultural emotionologies that reflect dynamic societal expectations and conventions regarding appropriate emotion displays. Strategic emotion expression in organizations reveals the intersection of self- and other-imposed prescriptions and/or restrictions on emotional episodes and distinguishes the nature and purpose of emotive behaviors at work. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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