摘要 :
Domestic quail (Coturnix japonica domestica) is a domesticated gallinaceous bird that originated in East Asia with ancestor the wild Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Subsequently, to domestication, quail have undergone a number...
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Domestic quail (Coturnix japonica domestica) is a domesticated gallinaceous bird that originated in East Asia with ancestor the wild Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Subsequently, to domestication, quail have undergone a number of morphological, ethological and productive changes that make them quite different from those of their wild ancestors. These reflect greater intraspecific differences than even in the differences between species in the genus Coturnix. Unlike the wild quail, a variety of other plumage colours are seen in the domestic quail, the most popular being variations of golden, tuxedo, extended brown and recessive white. The average live weight of the wild Japanese quail varies within 85-110 g, whereas the domestic quail are about 45% to more than 250% heavier, depending on their productive type. Major differences are visible in the migratory, sexual, nesting and brooding behaviour, and other ethological reactions such as vocalisation, mating calls, aggression and fighting. A number of productive parameters have been affected by domestication. Wild Japanese quail lay about 5-14 eggs per clutch, with 2-3 broods per year. Domestic quail could lay more than 250 eggs per year with average egg weight increase of 20% in egg production to 100% in meat production compared to their ancestors. This review summarises how domestication and human impact affect a number of features, significantly altering the Japanese quail. The aim is to emphasise the changes that occurred during the domestication of Japanese quail, supporting the proposal of using the term 'domestic quail' (Coturnix japonica domestica).
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Man has been in interrelationship with wild water fowl for thousands of years. Yet, in that time, only two species of wild geese have been domesticated (13.3% of all true geese); the Greylag goose (Anser anser) in the fourth mille...
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Man has been in interrelationship with wild water fowl for thousands of years. Yet, in that time, only two species of wild geese have been domesticated (13.3% of all true geese); the Greylag goose (Anser anser) in the fourth millennium B.C. and the swan goose (Anser cygnoides) in the second millennium B.C. From these two species, numerous breeds (181) have been developed. Compared to other domestic animals, the goose has varied less during domestication, aside from a few modifications in appearance, reproductive traits, internal organs and behaviour. It has increased in body weight, and hence became a non-migratory bird. Compare to the greylag goose (gander 2.8-4.1 kg, goose 2.5-3.8 kg body weight), the body weight of the Toulouse gander has increased by 331-421%, and the Toulouse goose by 286-364%. The African goose developed higher body weights (gander by 285-362%, goose by 292-311%) compared to the weight of the swan goose (gander 3.5 kg, goose 2.8-3.5 kg body weight). Conformation traits have changed, whereby the natural grey feather colour has changed to white in some breeds. Furthermore, sexual maturity has accelerated, and prolificacy increased. Egg production of a significant proportion of the European goose breeds has increased by 600-1000% compared to the greylag goose (5-6 eggs/goose). For example, egg production of the Chinese goose has increased by 875-1200% compare to the wild swan goose (5-8 eggs/goose), and the monogamous partnership typical of wild geese has turned into polygamous matings.
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Around 10% of all table eggs number in the world come from quail and their meat represents
about 0.2% of the global poultry production. The domestic quail population involved in
production of meat and eggs represen...
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Around 10% of all table eggs number in the world come from quail and their meat represents
about 0.2% of the global poultry production. The domestic quail population involved in
production of meat and eggs represents around 11.8% of all productive birds, placing them
second after laying hens. China, Spain, France, Italy, Brazil, the USA and Japan are global
leading countries in quail farming. Contemporary domesticated Japanese quail, widely used in
agricultural practice, originate from wild Japanese breeds (C. japonica).
The wild Asian quail is similar to common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and
until recently, was accepted as its subspecies (Coturnix coturnix
japonica). In the scientific literature, several names for domestic quail are
available, so readers can easily become confused as to which species is really meant - wild,
domesticated or common quail. In order to avoid confusion of names and to emphasise changes
resulting from domestication, the term ‘domestic quail’ and its corresponding Latin name
Coturnix japonica domestica is more appropriate. Within the EU legal
framework, domestic quail should be included in parallel to other domestic fowl species.
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摘要 :
Around 10% of all table eggs number in the world come from quail and their meat represents about 0.2% of the global poultry production. The domestic quail population involved in production of meat and eggs represents around 11.8% ...
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Around 10% of all table eggs number in the world come from quail and their meat represents about 0.2% of the global poultry production. The domestic quail population involved in production of meat and eggs represents around 11.8% of all productive birds, placing them second after laying hens. China, Spain, France, Italy, Brazil, the USA and Japan are global leading countries in quail farming. Contemporary domesticated Japanese quail, widely used in agricultural practice, originate from wild Japanesebreeds (C. japonica). The wild Asian quail is similar to common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and until recently, was accepted as its subspecies (Coturnix coturnix japonica). In the scientific literature, several names for domestic quail are available, so readers can easily become confused as to which species is really meant - wild, domesticated or common quail. In order to avoid confusion of names and to emphasise changes resulting from domestication, the term ‘domestic quail’ and its corresponding Latinname Coturnix japonica domestica is more appropriate. Within the EU legal framework, domestic quail should be included in parallel to other domestic fowl species.
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Animal domestication and the processes behind it are the focus (and indeed title) of this fascinating book. The book takes in a variety of topics on this theme, ranging from the pathways of domestication, how and where domesticati...
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Animal domestication and the processes behind it are the focus (and indeed title) of this fascinating book. The book takes in a variety of topics on this theme, ranging from the pathways of domestication, how and where domestication first arose and in which species, through to the genetic basis of domestication, morphological diversification arising from domestication, feralisation, and evolutionary development of domestic species. This book therefore has a great deal of popular interest, concerning as it does domestication, and at each stage the book does a good job of introducing the key topics within a particular field. For the more expert reader, the various book chapters give a nice overview of each topic and provide some interesting references to follow up on.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major social and public health problem affecting people in various cultures and societies. Though the issue of IPV in Pakistan has been researched since the 1990s, no attempt has been made syst...
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major social and public health problem affecting people in various cultures and societies. Though the issue of IPV in Pakistan has been researched since the 1990s, no attempt has been made systematically to review the available evidence on IPV in Pakistan. This article presents findings of a systematic review of available empirical literature related to IPV in Pakistan. Using various key words, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched to identify relevant studies. This resulted in the identification of 55 potential studies for inclusion. After application of exclusion criteria 23 studies were identified, 20 of which used quantitative research designs, two used qualitative designs and one adopted a mixed method case study approach. All studies reported men as the perpetrators of IPV and women as its victims. Findings are presented and discussed for IPV for its forms, predictors, effects and victims' responses. Pakistani peoples' perceived reasons for and their attitudes towards IPV are also presented and discussed.
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Local investment is a fundamental driver for various economic activities, in addition to being a cornerstone of all development plans, as many evidence indicate its effective contribution to achieving sustainable development by ra...
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Local investment is a fundamental driver for various economic activities, in addition to being a cornerstone of all development plans, as many evidence indicate its effective contribution to achieving sustainable development by raising the rate of GDP growth, providing job opportunities, stimulating commercial activity and supporting competitiveness the aim of this research is to demonstrate the e10.14742/ajet.tent of the impact that local investment can have in order to achieve sustainable development through its social dimension in the UAE for the period (2001-2017) through the ARDL methodology to identify the nature of the relationship between local investment and sustainable development (social indicator) The research found a joint complementary relationship between local investment and sustainable development through its social dimension in the UAE, in addition to the results of assessing the relationship in the short term showed an inverse and moral relationship consistent with the logic of economic theory.
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The word "domestication" is used today under different concepts. The author attempts to synthesize the classical zoological meaning, which classifies a limited list of species as domesticated because of a very restrictive choice c...
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The word "domestication" is used today under different concepts. The author attempts to synthesize the classical zoological meaning, which classifies a limited list of species as domesticated because of a very restrictive choice criteria. It keeps its logic, but is now often criticized and replaced by broader concepts, where any breeding action of man on animals, even tenuous, is considered as domestication, thus adding to the list of domesticated species. In French legislation, an intermediate position is to be found: the existence of domesticated breeds or varieties is recognized in some wild species that are bred by man. Some authors think that it would be suitable now to limit the word domestication, but it does not appear easy to find substitutes to the term.
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The body of data based on new work on genetics and DNA, plus a growing number of radiocarbon ages which are independent of dates based on cultural associations has broadened our knowledge of domestication in eastern Asia. Here we ...
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The body of data based on new work on genetics and DNA, plus a growing number of radiocarbon ages which are independent of dates based on cultural associations has broadened our knowledge of domestication in eastern Asia. Here we review the situation for several plant and animal species that were domesticated locally or imported to east Asia. Major centres of plant domestication in China have been in the Yellow and Yangtze river basins, and in Yunnan. For animals it appears that the Yellow River region, the area around Xi'an and the south-east have been important centres. Many adopted domesticates have entered China through the north-west and later through ports such as Canton (Guangzhou). It appears that while there are outliers to extended ranges of wild plants and animals, sometimes not securely dated, widespread deliberate movement of plants and animals outside their natural ranges coincided with reduced hunting and gathering around 5-4 kyr in the Longshan cultural period. The adoption of agriculture has resulted in large scale landscape transformation; forests and woodlands have been replaced by crop and grazing lands and this is evident in many late Holocene sedimentary records. This transformation continues and the patterns are changing as diets are shifting and much grain is now used to feed chicken and beef, and in addition this has placed increased pressure on water resources. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
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