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The present study was aimed at determining the factors affecting women's decisions of early marriage. The study sample comprised 651 women who were in the 30 and under age group, and had gotten married during their childhood. The ...
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The present study was aimed at determining the factors affecting women's decisions of early marriage. The study sample comprised 651 women who were in the 30 and under age group, and had gotten married during their childhood. The study data were collected using the questionnaire developed by the researchers through a literature review. In the present study, those who had Romani ethnic origin, who were primary school graduates, who had parents with lower education and/or whom had low income got married at a younger age. Most of the women who had early marriages were unemployed and vulnerable to spousal violence. It was determined that the women who had love marriages at an early age regretted getting married more compared to those who had arranged marriages and the vast majority of the former ones stated that they would have continued their education if they had not gotten married at an early age. Given the causes of early marriages, it is recommended that women in the at-risk group should be educated about the negative aspects of early marriages that women who have gotten married at an early age and seek support should be helped and that child marriages should be discouraged by preparing stricter legal sanctions.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare subjective and objective tonsil size measurements (weight, volume, intertonsillar distance) along with simple pharyngeal measurements in the prediction of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (...
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OBJECTIVE: To compare subjective and objective tonsil size measurements (weight, volume, intertonsillar distance) along with simple pharyngeal measurements in the prediction of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) severity. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Tonsil size (0-4+) and Mallampati/Friedman palate position were subjectively measured. During adenotonsillectomy, tonsil size was objectively measured along with simple pharyngeal dimensions. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated and forward and reverse stepwise multivariate regression modeling was used to assess the prediction of preoperative OSAHS severity as determined by polysomnogram (PSG). Evaluation of possible outlier influence was also performed. RESULTS: Thirty-four pediatric patients (median age, 4; range, 2-9) were included. Objective tonsil weight (Spearman's rho = 0.6143, P = 0.0002), tonsil volume (rho = 0.4960, P = 0.0039), and intertonsillar distance (rho = -0.7559, P < 0.0001) were strongly correlated with subjective tonsil size but not with age, body mass index (BMI), or preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Regression modeling demonstrated that only measured tonsil weight (beta = 1.43, P = 0.003), age (beta = -3.21, P = 0.001), and hard palate length (beta = 0.979, P = 0.003) were significant predictors of the preoperative AHI (R(2) = 0.5358). Evaluation of possible outliers indicated tonsil weight was the most robust predictor of preoperative AHI. CONCLUSION: Subjective tonsil size measurements correlate well with objective tonsil volume measurements. However, only objective tonsil measurements were significantly predictive of objective PSG-measured OSAHS severity.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare subjective and objective tonsil size measurements (weight, volume, intertonsillar distance) along with simple pharyngeal measurements in the prediction of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (...
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OBJECTIVE: To compare subjective and objective tonsil size measurements (weight, volume, intertonsillar distance) along with simple pharyngeal measurements in the prediction of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) severity. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Tonsil size (0-4+) and Mallampati/Friedman palate position were subjectively measured. During adenotonsillectomy, tonsil size was objectively measured along with simple pharyngeal dimensions. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated and forward and reverse stepwise multivariate regression modeling was used to assess the prediction of preoperative OSAHS severity as determined by polysomnogram (PSG). Evaluation of possible outlier influence was also performed. RESULTS: Thirty-four pediatric patients (median age, 4; range, 2-9) were included. Objective tonsil weight (Spearman's rho = 0.6143, P = 0.0002), tonsil volume (rho = 0.4960, P = 0.0039), and intertonsillar distance (rho = -0.7559, P < 0.0001) were strongly correlated with subjective tonsil size but not with age, body mass index (BMI), or preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Regression modeling demonstrated that only measured tonsil weight (beta = 1.43, P = 0.003), age (beta = -3.21, P = 0.001), and hard palate length (beta = 0.979, P = 0.003) were significant predictors of the preoperative AHI (R(2) = 0.5358). Evaluation of possible outliers indicated tonsil weight was the most robust predictor of preoperative AHI. CONCLUSION: Subjective tonsil size measurements correlate well with objective tonsil volume measurements. However, only objective tonsil measurements were significantly predictive of objective PSG-measured OSAHS severity.
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Rates of child maltreatment in the U.S. have been relatively stagnant since the 1990s. This lack of progress suggests that prevention efforts, which have primarily focused on individual behaviors, have been unsuccessful. Building ...
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Rates of child maltreatment in the U.S. have been relatively stagnant since the 1990s. This lack of progress suggests that prevention efforts, which have primarily focused on individual behaviors, have been unsuccessful. Building on existing research, this conceptual paper identifies the need to refocus prevention efforts on changeable and causal risk factors. The Modifiable Maltreatment Factors (MMF), a new framework to classify risk factors for maltreatment, is introduced. Use of the MMF in social work education and child protective services work could increase the understanding of macro factors in child maltreatment and the possibilities of policy change and community organizing in maltreatment prevention.
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Abstract This study examined the relationship between receipt of child care subsidies and child maltreatment investigations in a sample of low‐income mothers in Illinois. We expected that receiving child care subsidies would have...
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Abstract This study examined the relationship between receipt of child care subsidies and child maltreatment investigations in a sample of low‐income mothers in Illinois. We expected that receiving child care subsidies would have a protective effect on child maltreatment risk and therefore decrease the likelihood of child protective services investigations. Using structural equation modelling, we tested the direct and indirect paths of the receipt of child care subsidies to physical abuse or neglect. We found only direct effects of receiving child care subsidies on both physical abuse and neglect investigations. The findings suggest an important protective role of child care subsidies in the lives of low‐income families.
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This study examined the relationship between receipt of child care subsidies and child maltreatment investigations in a sample of low-income mothers in Illinois. We expected that receiving child care subsidies would have a protect...
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This study examined the relationship between receipt of child care subsidies and child maltreatment investigations in a sample of low-income mothers in Illinois. We expected that receiving child care subsidies would have a protective effect on child maltreatment risk and therefore decrease the likelihood of child protective services investigations. Using structural equation modelling, we tested the direct and indirect paths of the receipt of child care subsidies to physical abuse or neglect. We found only direct effects of receiving child care subsidies on both physical abuse and neglect investigations. The findings suggest an important protective role of child care subsidies in the lives of low-income families.
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Objective The aim of this paper is to describe characteristics associated with maltreatment types in children referred to the child protection team at the University Children’s Hospital Zürich. Since 2003, the child protection t...
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Objective The aim of this paper is to describe characteristics associated with maltreatment types in children referred to the child protection team at the University Children’s Hospital Zürich. Since 2003, the child protection team has registered data on each case in a standardized form.
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Abstract While child welfare scholars and caseworkers have acquired a better understanding of risk factors associated with occurrences of child fatalities due to maltreatment over the past 20 years, little is known about the organ...
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Abstract While child welfare scholars and caseworkers have acquired a better understanding of risk factors associated with occurrences of child fatalities due to maltreatment over the past 20 years, little is known about the organisational and system‐level characteristics that impact efforts to prevent or intervene in these cases. As part of a collaborative agreement between a university‐affiliated centre and a state child welfare agency, we conducted interviews by phone with 19 case managers, middle managers and regional leaders who were assigned to manage or oversee a near fatality or fatality case. They illuminated five major themes: 1) their perceived stressors and sources of support; 2) client and perpetrator risk factors; 3) system‐level risk and protective factors; 4) case descriptions; and 5) lessons learned. Relying upon their lived experiences, we offer practice and policy recommendations to Child Abuse Review to support their efforts to prevent and respond to child fatality cases. Efforts should be devoted to evaluating strategies to reduce risk for all families before the child welfare system is involved, supporting workers when they are assigned to fatality cases by reducing caseloads and preparing them for the fatality review process, and embracing a culture of collaboration across and within child‐serving systems. Key Practitioner Messages To respond effectively to child fatality and near fatality cases, child welfare caseworkers and leaders should be assigned fewer cases in the interim, and receive guidance, consultation, and time to prepare for the fatality review process. Embracing a culture of collaboration across and within child‐serving systems may also prevent fatalities and facilitate an efficient investigative process if/when they do occur.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe how child maltreatment chronicity is related to negative outcomes in later childhood and early adulthood. METHODS: The study included 5994 low-income children from St Louis, including 3521 with child maltrea...
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OBJECTIVE: To describe how child maltreatment chronicity is related to negative outcomes in later childhood and early adulthood. METHODS: The study included 5994 low-income children from St Louis, including 3521 with child maltreatment reports, who were followed from 1993-1994 through 2009. Children were 1.5 to 11 years of age at sampling. Data include administrative and treatment records indicating substance abuse, mental health treatment, brain injury, sexually transmitted disease, suicide attempts, and violent delinquency before age 18 and child maltreatment perpetration, mental health treatment, or substance abuse in adulthood. Multivariate analysis controlled for potential confounders. RESULTS: Child maltreatment chronicity predicted negative childhood outcomes in a linear fashion (eg, percentage with at least 1 negative outcome: no maltreatment = 29.7%, 1 report = 39.5%, 4 reports = 67.1%). Suicide attempts before age 18 showed the largest proportionate increase with repeated maltreatment (no report versus 4+ reports = +625%, P < .0001). The dose-response relationship was reduced once controls for other adverse child outcomes were added in multivariate models of child maltreatment perpetration and mental health issues. The relationship between adult substance abuse and maltreatment report history disappeared after controlling for adverse child outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Child maltreatment chronicity as measured by official reports is a robust indicator of future negative outcomes across a range of systems, but this relationship may desist for certain adult outcomes once childhood adverse events are controlled. Although primary and secondary prevention remain important approaches, this study suggests that enhanced tertiary prevention may pay high dividends across a range of medical and behavioral domains.
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