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Recombinant antibody technology has revolutionized the development of antibody therapeutics. This minireview offers an overview of enabling technologies and future prospects of this rapidly progressing field.
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The long-term effects of cancer treatment on the cardiovascular health have remained incompletely defined. Safer treatments, more accessible cardiovascular monitoring, and emerging cardio-protective medication strategies are promi...
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The long-term effects of cancer treatment on the cardiovascular health have remained incompletely defined. Safer treatments, more accessible cardiovascular monitoring, and emerging cardio-protective medication strategies are promising for avoiding adverse cardiovascular effects of cancer treatment.
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Cancer is expected to be the leading cause of death around the world. New cancer therapies have improved survival but they can also lead to complications and toxicity. In this article, the effects of modern anti-cancer therapies a...
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Cancer is expected to be the leading cause of death around the world. New cancer therapies have improved survival but they can also lead to complications and toxicity. In this article, the effects of modern anti-cancer therapies are reviewed. The perioperative effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and experimental therapies in relation to anaesthesia are discussed. Common and rare complications are summarised as is advice for optimal treatment of the cancer patient in the perioperative period.
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Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, primarily owing to failure to cure metastatic disease. The need to target the metastatic process to reduce mortality is clear and research over the past decade has shown hypoxia-i...
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Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, primarily owing to failure to cure metastatic disease. The need to target the metastatic process to reduce mortality is clear and research over the past decade has shown hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) to be one of the promising targets. In order for metastatic disease to be established, multiple steps need to be taken whereby the tumour cells escape into the bloodstream and survive, disseminate and then establish at a premetastatic niche. HIF-1 mediates hypoxia-induced proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which promote extravasation and chemotaxis. The migration of tumour cells is mediated by loss of E-cadherin, which results in a more invasive phenotype; dissemination of the tumour cells by increased vascular permeability and survival in the bloodstream through resistance to apoptosis as well as adhesion at the premetastatic niche are all controlled by factors under the influence of HIF-1. The overexpression of HIF in many aggressive cancer types as well as its role in the establishment of metastatic disease and treatment resistance demonstrate its potential target in therapeutics. Taken together, the role of HIF-1 in cancer and metastatic disease is clear and the need for better treatment targeting metastases is paramount; more aggressive phenotypes with less response to treatment are associated with HIF-1 expression. Our research has shown promise but many questions still remain to be answered.
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Upper gastrointestinal cancers are common and account for a high proportion of cases of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Combined-modality therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy is standard treatment for ...
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Upper gastrointestinal cancers are common and account for a high proportion of cases of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Combined-modality therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy is standard treatment for esophageal and gastro-esophageal junction cancers. For gastric cancer, the need to include radiation therapy appears to depend on the quality of the surgery performed. Radiation therapy plays an uncertain role in the surgical management of pancreatic cancer, and the results of ongoing clinical trials are awaited. Retrospective studies support the inclusion of radiotherapy in the surgical management of biliary tract cancers. The development of more effective systemic therapy for upper gastrointestinal cancers may ultimately lead to a greater survival benefit due to the potential for improved local tumor control achieved with radiotherapy.
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Stem cells have the ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal and generate mature cells of a particular tissue through differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis - suppo...
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Stem cells have the ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal and generate mature cells of a particular tissue through differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis - supporting tissue regeneration. MSCs are rare pluripotent cells supporting hematopoietic and mesenchymal cell lineages. MSCs have a great therapeutic potential in cancer therapy, as well as stem cell exosome and/or microvesicle-mediated tissue regeneration. In this review, the use of hMSCs in stem cell-mediated cancer therapy is discussed.
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The development of targeted therapies has been a consistent goal for hormone-related diseases treatment. As a result of increased knowledge of the role of androgens in different diseases, anti-androgen treatment is becoming increa...
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The development of targeted therapies has been a consistent goal for hormone-related diseases treatment. As a result of increased knowledge of the role of androgens in different diseases, anti-androgen treatment is becoming increasingly important in targeted therapy.
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Melanoma is the most common and serious malignant tumor among skin cancers. Although more and more studies have revolutionized the systematic treatment of advanced melanoma in recent years, access to innovative drugs for melanoma ...
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Melanoma is the most common and serious malignant tumor among skin cancers. Although more and more studies have revolutionized the systematic treatment of advanced melanoma in recent years, access to innovative drugs for melanoma is still greatly restricted in many countries. IL-12 produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells regulates the immune response and affects the differentiation of T cells in the process of antigen presentation. However, the dose-limited toxicity of IL-12 limits its clinical application. The present review summarizes the basic biological functions and toxicity of IL-12 in the treatment of melanoma and discusses the clinical application of IL-12, especially the combination of IL-12 with immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines and other therapeutic drugs. We also summarize several promising technological approaches such as carriers that have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of IL-12 or IL-12 encoding plasmid application.
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