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The degree of binder activation in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a critical aspect that should be considered in the design of recycled asphalt mixtures. It is widely believed that binder from RAP is less than 100% activated,...
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The degree of binder activation in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a critical aspect that should be considered in the design of recycled asphalt mixtures. It is widely believed that binder from RAP is less than 100% activated, which implies that part of the RAP binder will be inactive in the mixing process. It is important to quantitatively assess whether there is any significant difference between the active and the inactive binder as typical recycled mixture design insinuates 100% binder activation and complete homogenization of the virgin and RAP binder. The objective of this study is to evaluate aging heterogeneities within RAP binder as an imperative step to improve the design of recycled asphalt mixtures. Stages of binder extraction were performed on six RAP materials to artificially activate different RAP binder layers. After each extraction, the binder recovered was evaluated in terms of its rheological properties, polarity-based fractions, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the results, an asphalt mix design was simulated using different RAP percentages considering the impact of RAP binder aging heterogeneities. Overall, the analysis implied that it may not be a realistic assumption to consider full RAP binder homogeneity. Based on the simulation performed, blending charts used to design recycled asphalt mixtures should be ideally based on the active RAP binder properties instead of the properties of the RAP binder after complete binder extraction. This would facilitate in choosing the correct virgin binder when the partial RAP binder activation scenario is considered.
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Briquette binder plays a key role in the process of briquette production. The quality and performance of briquette also depend on the quality of briquette binder. Different types of briquette need different briquette binder. Binde...
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Briquette binder plays a key role in the process of briquette production. The quality and performance of briquette also depend on the quality of briquette binder. Different types of briquette need different briquette binder. Binder used in briquetting process can be divided into inorganic binder, organic binder and compound binder. The inorganic binders have many excellent advantages, such as abundant resource, low cost, excellent thermosability and good hydrophilicity. However, a major problem arising from the usage of inorganic binder is related to the ash increased in significant amount. The organic binders have many excellent advantages, such as good bonding, good combustion performance and low ash. But organic binder is easy to decompose and burn when it was heated, so the mechanical strength and thermal stability of organic binder briquette are poor, and its price is high. The composite binders are composed of two binders at least; the different binder plays the different role. The compound binder can make full use of the advantages of all kinds of binder, such as it can reduce the supplying amount of inorganic binder, reduce the cost of organic binder, improve the quality of briquettes, and get better performance of briquettes. This review will cover briquette binder literature. Due to many factors taking into consideration for briquettes process, up to the present, no uniform mechanism has been developed to solve briquette production. The clarification of briquetting mechanism of briquette binder is not only can provide a theoretical basis for binder development, but also can provide instructive theory for briquette industrial production. There are five main theories of non-binder briquetting mechanisms: bituminous hypothesis, humic acid hypothesis, capillary hypothesis, colloid hypothesis and adhesion molecules hypothesis respectively. But those hypotheses cannot fully explain the briquetting issues about lignite. There are three main theories binder briquetting mechanisms from the view of interaction of binders and the pulverized coal: solid bridge connecting, electrostatic attraction and liquid bridge connecting respectively. In this paper, the process of non-binder briquetting mechanism and briquetting mechanism with binder is also reviewed.
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The properties of epoxy binders used for production of polymer composite materials are given. The differences between the binders of melt and solution type are demonstrated. The influence of the filler type on the structure and wa...
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The properties of epoxy binders used for production of polymer composite materials are given. The differences between the binders of melt and solution type are demonstrated. The influence of the filler type on the structure and water resistance of the cured binder in the polymer composite material is considered. The temperature range of the binder processing is found.
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Rejuvenating the reclaimed asphalt pavement by crumb rubber modified binder for recycling in new pavements arouses a great interest as a sustainable paving technology that uses waste to recycle waste and hinders resource depletion...
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Rejuvenating the reclaimed asphalt pavement by crumb rubber modified binder for recycling in new pavements arouses a great interest as a sustainable paving technology that uses waste to recycle waste and hinders resource depletion. By investigating rheological and adhesion/cohesion characteristics of the asphalt binder, this study aims to divine optimal dosages of reclaimed asphalt and crumb rubber that enhance the overall performance of the binder without undermining any feature. Thirty binders produced from two types of virgin binder, two sources of reclaimed asphalt, three dosages of reclaimed asphalt, and two dosages of crumb rubber were pre-pared and tested. Bonding, rheological, and physiochemical characteristics of binders were investigated using pull-off test, dynamic shear rheometer, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results show that mixing reclaimed asphalt with rubberized asphalt greatly enhances the cohesion strength, rutting resistance, creep resistance, and colloid homogeneity. However, certain reclaimed asphalt and crumb rubber dosages un-dermine the fatigue cracking resistance. The physiochemical investigation revealed that the crumb rubber chains intensively swell and disintegrate simultaneously during mixing with virgin binder and further mixing with reclaimed asphalt. Through correlation analysis, it was emphasized that the improvement of cohesion strength and rheological characteristics is ascribed to the physiochemical changes caused by crumb rubber interaction and reclaimed asphalt addition.
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This paper explores the sustainability aspects of binders used in concrete 3D concrete printing. Firstly, a prospective approach to conduct sustainability-assessment based on the life cycle of 3D printed structures is presented, w...
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This paper explores the sustainability aspects of binders used in concrete 3D concrete printing. Firstly, a prospective approach to conduct sustainability-assessment based on the life cycle of 3D printed structures is presented, which also highlights the importance of considering the functional requirements of the mixes used for 3D printing. The potential of the material production phase is emphasized to enhance the sustainability potential of 3DCP by reducing the embodied impacts. The literature on the different binder systems used for producing 3D printable mixtures is reviewed. This review includes binders based on portland cement and supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, silica-fume and slag. Also, alternative binders such as geopolymer, calcium sulfo-aluminate cement (CSA), limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) and reactive magnesium oxide systems are explored. Finally, sustainability assessment by quantifying the environmental impacts in terms of energy consumed and CO2 emissions of mixtures is illustrated with different binder systems. This paper underlines the effect of using SCMs and alternative binder systems for improving the sustainability of 3D printed structures.
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Abstract High energy density of lithium‐ion batteries is crucial for highly efficient battery systems. Ni‐rich layered oxide cathode materials with a high specific capacity have garnered considerable interest. Ni‐rich cathode m...
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Abstract High energy density of lithium‐ion batteries is crucial for highly efficient battery systems. Ni‐rich layered oxide cathode materials with a high specific capacity have garnered considerable interest. Ni‐rich cathode materials exhibit rather large volume fluctuations during charging and discharging, unlike traditional cathode materials. This study investigated the electrochemical performance of a Ni‐rich cathode with a focus on controlling binder adhesion of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which is the most feasible cathode binder for battery manufacturing, to mitigate the failure mode of volume changes. A simple heat treatment of 200?°C over melting point is effective to enhance binding force by altering nanoscale alignment of PVDF. The study evaluates the electrochemical properties of the Ni‐rich cathode with different levels of binder adhesion to determine the optimal binder conditions for high performance.
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Heating schedules have been simulated for the minimum time for binder removal from green ceramic components that contain open porosity. To determine such heating schedules, a number of parameters appearing in the model must be spe...
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Heating schedules have been simulated for the minimum time for binder removal from green ceramic components that contain open porosity. To determine such heating schedules, a number of parameters appearing in the model must be specified, including the kinetic parameters of binder degradation, the permeability of the green body, and the temperature and pressure at which the green body fails. Because of uncertainty in these quantities, safety factors can be applied to these model parameters to obtain a more conservative heating cycle that begins at a lower temperature and is longer in duration than the minimum time heating cycle.
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A model is developed to describe the evolution of pressure, stress, and green body strength in porous ceramic bodies during the thermal debinding heating cycle. Pressure in the green body arises from the thermally activated decomp...
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A model is developed to describe the evolution of pressure, stress, and green body strength in porous ceramic bodies during the thermal debinding heating cycle. Pressure in the green body arises from the thermally activated decomposition of the binder, and the pressure increase is mitigated by flow through the porous medium. The stress then arises from the pressure gradient within the green ceramic body. The strength model incorporates the effects of solids and binder loading, and the effect of temperature on the yield behavior of the binder. The stress is then compared to the strength of the green body during the heating cycle in order to determine when failure occurs. The assumptions, the necessary experimental data, and the weaknesses in the model are discussed.
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Hot in-place recycling (HIR) is a promising technique to consume 100% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) for pavement surface rehabilitation. When RAP aggregates are incorporated in asphalt mixtures, a proportion of the RAP binder ca...
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Hot in-place recycling (HIR) is a promising technique to consume 100% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) for pavement surface rehabilitation. When RAP aggregates are incorporated in asphalt mixtures, a proportion of the RAP binder can be mobilized by the virgin binder or additive and achieve a homogenous binder blend, named "the effective binder blend." There exist two major concerns of using 100% RAP in HIR mixes: 1. How much of the RAP binder can be mobilized to coat aggregates? 2. What are the contributions of the mobilized RAP binder to the performance of HIR mixes? This study firstly developed an approach to quantify the mobilized RAP content in HIR mixes. Afterward, the effective binder blends were prepared in the laboratory, based on the mobilized RAP and virgin asphalt percentage. Finally, the dynamic shear rheometer test and sessile drop method were adopted to characterize the effective binder qualities, while AMPT and Ideal-CT tests were utilized for mixture performance evaluation. Results showed that the mobilized RAP binder altered the binder qualities of the effective binder blends and also the effective asphalt content in HIR mixes. The binder qualities, including rheological properties and surface free energy, contributed to the different stiffness and cohesion of the effective binder blends in HIR mixes. However, the effective asphalt content proved to dominate the cracking resistance of HIR mixes.
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Given the great interest generated in the last years by the searching of new binders in hard materials, a work methodology has been created that allows the design of new metal - ceramic combinations. It includes the study of the s...
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Given the great interest generated in the last years by the searching of new binders in hard materials, a work methodology has been created that allows the design of new metal - ceramic combinations. It includes the study of the solubility between the new binder and the reinforcement during the design of the binder composition combined with the knowledge of the sintering behavior of the cermet by monitoring the contact angle of the liquid phase formed at high temperature.
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