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Pets are on the increase in Austria. Rising numbers show no sign of a slowdown, providing solid long-term prospects for both domestic petfood suppliers and overseas producers in a market currently worth a total Sch 3 billion (196 ...
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Pets are on the increase in Austria. Rising numbers show no sign of a slowdown, providing solid long-term prospects for both domestic petfood suppliers and overseas producers in a market currently worth a total Sch 3 billion (196 million dollar). The number of elderly people and single households support the expectations and an ongoing rise in living standards should help to sustain the market for ready-made food - encouraging news that could open up a comparatively new market to enterprising overseas manufacturers. In 1999, statistics showed 1.4 million cats, almost 600,000 dogs, 323,000 birds and almost a million aquarium fish. A further 686,000 other types of companion animal were also recorded. Around 45 percent of all households had a pet in1999 and this figure is expected to have risen since the last count. Last year, members of Austria's petfood association sold 81,000 tonnes of produce with cats accounting for 60 percent, dogfood making up 38 percent and 1 percent consumed by birds. Overall sales are believed to be higher thanks to considerable imports by non-member supermarket chains. Although the Austrian petfood market is already served by a considerable network of local producers and by imports from its neighbours in the European Union, the US Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) maintains that manufacturers from further afield should act on the opportunity to offer products from the few countries yet to report major incidence of animal disease.
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Professor Edmund Hlawka, a leading figure of Austrian mathematics since the second world war, passed away on ebruary 19, 2009, in his ninety-third year. He was the author of numerous important and influential research papers, but ...
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Professor Edmund Hlawka, a leading figure of Austrian mathematics since the second world war, passed away on ebruary 19, 2009, in his ninety-third year. He was the author of numerous important and influential research papers, but also was an enthusiastic teacher. His mathematical work and his lively lectures inspired many discip les and admirers in Vienna, in Austria and beyond.
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The present contribution relates to current projects and trends in Austrian librarianship during 2019. Network projects and cooperation projects are presented as well as important projects of the Austrian National Library and of t...
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The present contribution relates to current projects and trends in Austrian librarianship during 2019. Network projects and cooperation projects are presented as well as important projects of the Austrian National Library and of the Council of Austrian University Libraries. Themes such as Open Access, research data, provenance research of Nazi looted property, library education, conferences, and publications of the Austrian Association of Librarians and library and information policy in Austria are mentioned.
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the mapping accuracy of the MSG-SEVIRI operational snow cover product over Austria. The SEVIRI instrument is aboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The snow ...
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the mapping accuracy of the MSG-SEVIRI operational snow cover product over Austria. The SEVIRI instrument is aboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The snow cover product provides 32 images per day, with a relatively low spatial resolution of 5 km over Austria. The mapping accuracy is examined at 178 stations with daily snow depth observations and compared with the daily MODIS-combined (Terra+Aqua) snow cover product for the period April 2008-June 2012. The results show that the 15 min temporal sampling allows a significant reduction of clouds in the snow cover product. The mean annual cloud coverage is less than 30% in Austria, as compared to 52% for the combined MODIS product. The mapping accuracy for cloud-free days is 89% as compared to 94% for MODIS. The largest mapping errors are found in regions with large topographical variability. The errors are noticeably larger at stations with elevations that differ greatly from those of the mean MSG-SEVIRI pixel elevations. The median of mapping accuracy for stations with absolute elevation difference less than 50m and more than 500m is 98.9 and 78.2 %, respectively. A comparison between the MSG-SEVIRI and MODIS products indicates an 83% overall agreement. The largest disagreements are found in Alpine valleys and flatland areas in the spring and winter months, respectively.
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HINTERGRUND: Trotz global abnehmender Mortalitätsraten sind Schlaganfälle die dritthäufigste Todesursache in industrialisierten Ländern. 1997 wurde in Österreich ein flächendeckendes System von Stroke Units etabliert; deren ...
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HINTERGRUND: Trotz global abnehmender Mortalitätsraten sind Schlaganfälle die dritthäufigste Todesursache in industrialisierten Ländern. 1997 wurde in Österreich ein flächendeckendes System von Stroke Units etabliert; deren Auswirkungen auf die Schlaganfallsmortalität wird untersucht. METHODEN: Wir evaluierten die Schlaganfallsmortalität in Österreich unter Verwendung nationaler, von Statistik Austria zur Verfügung gestellter Daten für den Zeitraum 1980 – 2008. Todesfälle wurden mittels ICD Kodierung erfasst [ICD-9 (430 – 438) und ICD-10 (I60 – I69)]. Wir analysierten alters-standardisierte Mortalitätsraten geschlechtsspezifisch sowie für hämorrhagische und ischämische Schlaganfälle separat. Wir verwendeten join-point Poisson Regressionsmodelle um Trends in alters-spezifischen Mortalitätsraten für beide Schlaganfallstypen und geschlechtsspezifisch in 4 Altersgruppen zu evaluieren (50 – 59, 60 – 69, 70 – 79, und 80+ Jahre). ERGEBNISSE: In altersstandardisierten Analysen beobachteten wir einen Rückgang der Gesamtschlaganfallsmortalität für Männer und Frauen (–77,3 % für Männer, –76,7 % für Frauen), für hämorrhagische und ischämische Schlaganfälle separat sowohl für Männer als auch für Frauen, und für alle Altersgruppen. Die Mortalität ischämischer Schlaganfälle nahm kontinuierlich über die gesamte Zeitperiode ab, während für hämorrhagische Schlaganfälle, Trends vor 1997 – 2000 geschlechts- und altersspezifisch unterschiedlich waren und nach 1997 – 2000 eine deutlichere Abnahme aufwiesen. SCHLUSSBEMERKUNGEN: Die Schlaganfallsmortalität in Österreich nahm zwischen 1980 und 2008 ab. Das Ausmaß des Beitrags der Etablierung von Stroke Units dazu, bleibt unklar. Künftige Studien sollten auch Veränderungen in der Lebensqualität von Schlaganfallspatienten berücksichtigen, da Stroke Units möglicherweise sowohl einen direkten Einfluss auf Lebensqualität als auch auf die Gesamtschlaganfallsmortalität haben.
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Politicians and publics throughout Europe have different views on nuclear power and renewable energy sources. Countries such as Austria and Denmark which have no nuclear power are rather hostile towards this energy source, and at ...
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Politicians and publics throughout Europe have different views on nuclear power and renewable energy sources. Countries such as Austria and Denmark which have no nuclear power are rather hostile towards this energy source, and at the same time view renewable energy sources as one of the solutions in curbing CO_2 emissions. Other countries, such as Slovakia, which is less endowed in terms of renewables, view nuclear power as a electricity-generating source that can reduce dependency on fossil fuels and thereby CO_2. This paper focuses on the confrontation between two nations with different sets of electricity policies, namely Austria and Slovakia. Of particular interest for this study include an evaluation of Austria's anti-nuclear policy towards its Slovakian neighbour and an analysis of Austria's attempts to promote renewable energy sources in both Austria and Slovakia. In conclusion, a number of recommendations are put forward with regard to how Austria's future energy dialogue with Slovakia should look like and what types of projects Austria should consider funding.
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Crown Prince Rudolf, heir to the Imperial throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, died by suicide in 1889. His death is a prime example of a historical celebrity suicide. Although news coverage about celebrity suicide has been show...
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Crown Prince Rudolf, heir to the Imperial throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, died by suicide in 1889. His death is a prime example of a historical celebrity suicide. Although news coverage about celebrity suicide has been shown to be linked to increases in suicides - a phenomenon known as the Werther effect -, censorship and/or journalists' anticipatory obedience back then may have led to a form of "forced responsible reporting" that may have prevented a Werther effect. A content analysis was conducted, and civil death registers were used to identify suicides before and after Rudolf's suicide. We compared Rudolf's case with another historical celebrity suicide case (Colonel Redl) for which there is already empirical evidence consistent with a Werther effect. As expected, the press heavily reported on Rudolf's death, but did not give undue prominence to suicide and rarely gave details on the method. Importantly, there was no evidence of an increase in suicides. This is in stark contrast to the Redl case in which the press reported irresponsibly. The Rudolf case emphasizes the importance of current media guidelines on responsible reporting. Thus, a high amount of news coverage does not necessarily translate into a Werther effect.
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Infant mortality rate is an important medical indicator and is often used for comparing countries with respect to welfare and public health. Among other factors, effective medical technology, better access to pre- and postnatal ca...
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Infant mortality rate is an important medical indicator and is often used for comparing countries with respect to welfare and public health. Among other factors, effective medical technology, better access to pre- and postnatal care for all socioeconomic groups and better nutrition have decreased infant mortality in Austria from about 200 deaths per 1000 live births at the beginning of the 20th century to about 5 deaths per 1000 live births at the end. In this study we present the trends in infant mortality, based on 1,654,519 individual birth records, in Austria since 1984. The infant mortality rate dropped rapidly from about 12 per 1000 live births in 1985 to 4.6 per 1000 live births during the last two years of our study (2001/02). Infant mortality rates stratified by cause of death show somewhat differing trends. In particular, the number of deaths due to peripartal problems decreased as the result of improvements in obstetrics and neonatology, but in 1995 a change in the definition of live birth led to a rise of about 20% in the stillbirth rate. At present, Austria has one of the lowest infant mortality rates of all European countries; however, between 1999 and 2002 the mortality rate has been fairly static. A further reduction in mortality clearly cannot be achieved by advances in medicine alone. It remains a challenge for health politicians, physicians and society at large to reduce the prevalence of well-known risk factors such as alcohol abuse, heavy overweight and smoking during pregnancy.
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AIM OF THE STUDY: The appropriate time point of evaluation of functional outcome in cardiac arrest survivors remains a matter of debate. In this cohort study we posed the hypothesis that there are no significant changes in Cerebra...
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AIM OF THE STUDY: The appropriate time point of evaluation of functional outcome in cardiac arrest survivors remains a matter of debate. In this cohort study we posed the hypothesis that there are no significant changes in Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) between one month and six months after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. If changes were present we aimed to identify reasons for these changes. METHODS: Based on a cardiac arrest registry, a potential change in CPC and mortality between one month and six months after cardiac arrest was analysed. Variables that were associated with these changes were identified. RESULTS: Thirty percent of 681 patients showed a significant change in functional outcome and mortality between one month and six months after out-of hospital cardiac arrest, 12% improved in CPC, 1% deteriorated, 17% died. The only factor that was associated with an improvement in CPC in the multivariate analysis was time to restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (RRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, per minute). We could not find any significant factors associated with a deterioration of CPC. Factors that were associated with mortality were age (RRR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and ventricular fibrillation as initial cardiac rhythm (RRR 0.34, 95% CI 0.16-0.71). CONCLUSIONS: There is a relevant change of functional outcome even one month after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Especially when studies compare patient groups with unequal arrest times, and an unequal distribution of initial cardiac rhythms a follow-up period longer than one month should be considered for the final outcome evaluation after cardiac arrest.
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